Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun

Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun (Jawi: راج ڤرمايسوري توانکو بعينون; born Bainun binti Mohd Ali; 7 November 1932) is the former Raja Permaisuri (Queen consort) of Perak. She was also the ninth Raja Permaisuri Agong (Queen consort) of Malaysia and historically the first commoner ever to be installed as the Raja Permaisuri Agong. She is the widow of the late Sultan Azlan Shah and the mother of the incumbent Sultan Nazrin Shah. She is now styled as Yang Maha Mulia Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun.

Background
Tuanku Bainun was born on 7 November 1932 in Penang, the Straits Settlements and received her early education at the St. George's Girls School, Penang. She was selected to further her studies at the prestigious Teacher's Training College, Kirkby, England from 1952 to 1954.

A year after returning from England, she married Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-lah of Perak on 9 December 1955. The Sultan was then a Magistrate in Kuala Lumpur, while Tuanku Bainun was teaching at her former school. She was a teacher for 22 years and has taught in various schools in Kuala Lumpur, Seremban, Raub, Taiping and Kuantan.

Queen consort
Upon her husband's accession to the Perak throne on 3 February 1984, she became the Raja Permaisuri of Perak with the honorific prefix of Tuanku before her given name. In Perak, Queen consort of royal blood are known as the Raja Perempuan, while the title of Raja Permaisuri was reserved for a commoner consorts. Her Royal Highness was officially proclaimed the Raja Permaisuri of Perak Darul Ridzuan on 9 December 1985 in a historic ceremony at Istana Iskandariah in Kuala Kangsar.

Sultan Azlan Shah was elected as the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong and during the Oath Taking and Signing Ceremony on 26 April 1989, Tuanku Bainun was proclaimed Raja Permaisuri Agong. Tuanku Bainun is the first commoner ever to become Queen of Malaysia. She was crowned Raja Permaisuri Agong on 19 February 1988 a new throne made of silver that replaced the ancient wooden throne used by Malaysia's eight previous Queens of royal blood, adding another first to her crown. They held these titles until the end of Azlan Shah's term on 25 April 1994.

She ceased to be Raja Permaisuri of Perak on 28 May 2014, after her husband died. She was succeeded a month later by her daughter in-law, Tuanku Zara Salim.

Royal family
The royal couple had five children, two princes and three princesses. The eldest is Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah, the current Sultan of Perak. The others are Raja Dato’ Seri Azureen Binti Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah, Raja Dato’ Seri Ashman Shah Ibni Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah, Raja Dato' Seri Eleena Binti Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah and Raja Dato' Seri Yong Sofia Binti Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah.

Orders and recognitions
She was awarded:

Honours of Perak

 * Perak :
 * MY-PERA Royal Family Order of Perak - DK.svg Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK)
 * MY-PERA Azlanii Royal Family Order - Member First Class - DKA I.svg Member First Class of the Azlanii Royal Family Order (DKA I, 2010)

Honours of Malaysia

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * MY Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara (Crown of the Realm) - DMN.svg Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN)
 * Selangor :
 * MY-SEL Royal Family Order of Selangor - DK I.svg First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK I, 11 December 2005)

Foreign Honours

 * 🇯🇵 Japan :
 * JPN Hokan-sho 1Class BAR.svg Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown (30 September 1991)
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand :
 * Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao (September 1990)

Academic

 * Fellow of Liverpool John Moores University

Places named after her
Several places were named after her, including:
 * Raja Pemaisuri Bainun Bridge in Lumut, Perak
 * Raja Permaisuri Bainun Hospital in Ipoh, Perak
 * Raja Permaisuri Bainun Mosque in Kuala Kangsar, Perak
 * Jalan Raja Permaisuri Bainun in Ipoh, Perak
 * Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Tuanku Bainun in Bukit Mertajam, Penang
 * SMK Raja Permaisuri Bainun, a secondary school in Ipoh, Perak
 * Tuanku Bainun Library in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak