Ralph Humphrey

Ralph Humphrey (April 14, 1932 – July 14, 1990) was an American abstract painter whose work has been linked to both Abstract Expressionism and Minimalism. He was active in the New York art scene in the 1960s and '70s. His paintings are best summarized as an exploration of space through color and structure. He lived and worked in New York, NY.

He is not to be confused with the percussionist Ralph Humphrey, best known for being the drummer of The Mothers of Invention from 1973 until 1974.

Biography
Ralph Humphrey studied at Youngstown State University. He moved to New York in 1957 and immediately became a part of the art scene that was known, at the time, for Abstract Expressionism. He met artists such as Mark Rothko, Theodoros Stamos, Frank Stella, Robert Ryman, and Ellsworth Kelly, who would end up having a large influence on his work. Humphrey was a prominent member of the generation of artists who laid the groundwork for American art in the 1970s and 60s. From 1966 until his death in 1990, he taught painting in the graduate department at Hunter College.

Artistic style
Humphrey's artistic style went through several phases and developments, which can be roughly outlined in the following way: monochromes from 1957 to 1960; frame paintings 1961–65; shaped canvases 1967–70; constructed paintings 1971–1990. Throughout these phases, Humphrey kept a keen eye on color, light, and space while he moved between abstraction and representation. As Kenneth Baker explains in Art in America in 1984, “Each of his works defines an ideal viewing distance that can be discovered only by patient observation of the focus of the details, the resolution of the image and the proper relationship between body and object. Finding the apt distance from which to contemplate Humphrey’s new paints is thus not something you do discursively: it is an exercise in feeling your way silently towards a correct spatial interval.”

1957–1960
Reviewing Humphrey's show at Tibor de Nagy in 1960, Donald Judd said, of his monochromes, “They are large, subtle and single-colored. This is Purism of a sort, in which generality does not contain variables but excludes them, in which the basic diagram or color, the only continuity, is exposed, here the essence of a confused sequence of perceptions.” Donald Judd also likened these canvases to the work of Kazimir Malevich, Piet Mondrian, and Josef Albers.

1961–1965
Neil A. Levine wrote in 1965 about Humphrey's solo exhibition at Green Gallery, where he showed some of his frame paintings. Levine said, “His new work is serious and demanding. All the paintings are variations on one theme. The theme is, simply stated, an expansive, lightly brushed, large grey field…surrounded by a painted framing edge…” Here, Neil, too, references Albers, as well as TV screens, unfilled billboards, and Rothko.

1967–1970
Robert Pincus-Whitten reviewed Humphrey's 1969 show at Bykert Gallery, where his shaped canvases were hung. Pincus-Whitten explains how Humphrey created “a luminous cosmos of fragile exhalations, painted on large squares or horizontal rectangles, softly turned at the corner and curved back into the stretcher.” These canvases are noteworthy, too, for their use of day-glow colors. At this time, his work becomes increasingly more atmospheric than his previous efforts; multi-colored wavy lines and sprayed colors replace solid geometric fields of single colors.

1971–1990
The last definable phase of his artistic style approaches representation at times, sometimes calling to mind an open window. These constructed paintings also border on sculpture, often coming ten inches out from the wall, directly confronting the viewer in real space. The paint, too, is considerably built up, giving the surface of the paintings considerable texture that was not previously seen in his work. Ellen Schwartz writes in 1977 about his show at John Weber, where his constructed paintings were still abstract: “Humphrey’s latest works, meditative rather than communicative, require the suspension of conscious efforts to grasp them before they will yield their secrets, which lay within ourselves all the while. The rich blue variegated surfaces are like blotters onto which we pour our own fantasies.” D Phillips, writing about his Willard Gallery show in 1982, explains how his constructed paintings are natural extensions of the earlier frame paintings: “Frames-within-frames have long provided the structural basis for Humphrey’s colorful designs; he has simply made his window allusion literal.” She explains, too, that these paintings are a step forward: “The shift does, however, bring greater variety and complexity to the artist’s constructions. There is a more explicit sense of space, of indoors and outdoors.” Beyond content, we see Humphrey using a brighter color palette and inserting vaguely figurative, whimsical patterns onto the surface. Yet, by the mid 1980s, the paintings return to a more ambiguous, abstract state.

Exhibitions
Since his first solo exhibition at the Tibor de Nagy Gallery in New York City in 1959, Humphrey's work has been the subject of 40 solo shows. During his lifetime, he had been represented by Green Gallery, Bykert Gallery, Andre Emmerich Gallery, Willard Gallery, and John Weber Gallery.

Solo exhibitions have continued to be mounted since his death in 1990, including Ralph Humphrey: Frame Paintings, 1964 to 1965 at Mary Boone Gallery, New York City, September 8–October 6, 1990 and Ralph Humphrey: Conveyance at Gary Snyder Gallery, April 2 – May 16, 2015. Other exhibitions have been held elsewhere in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Boston.

Humphrey's paintings have also been in group shows such as Systemic Painting at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1966, The Structure of Color at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 1971, the 1979 Biennial at the Whitney Museum, and High Times, Hard Times: New York Painting, 1967–1975 at the Weatherspoon Art Museum, 2006.

Solo exhibitions
1959

1960
 * Ralph Humphrey, Tibor de Nagy Gallery, New York, February 3–21

1961
 * Ralph Humphrey, Tibor de Nagy Gallery, New York, February 2–21

1965
 * Ralph Humphrey: Recent Paintings, Mayer Gallery, New York, March 14 – April 1

1967
 * Ralph Humphrey, Green Gallery, New York, May 5–29

1968
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, January 10 – February 24

1969
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, February 3–29

1970
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, February 1–27 Galerie Alfred Schmela, Düsseldorf

1971
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, April 4–25

1972
 * Ralph Humphrey, André Emmerich Gallery, New York, March 20 – April 8

1973
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, May 2–23

1974
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, May 12 – June 2
 * Ralph Humphrey: Survey of Paintings, Texas Gallery, Houston, May 15 – June 9

1975
 * Ralph Humphrey, Bykert Gallery, New York, April 20 – May 15
 * Ralph Humphrey: Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, San Francisco, November–December

1976
 * Ralph Humphrey: Paintings, 1974, Bykert Gallery, New York, February 4–26
 * Ralph Humphrey: Paintings, 1958–1966, Bykert/ Downtown, New York, February 4–26

1976–1977
 * Ralph Humphrey, John Weber Gallery, New York, January 31 – February 25

1977
 * Ralph Humphrey: Recent Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, San Francisco, December 16, 1976 – January 22, 1977

1980
 * Ralph Humphrey, John Weber Gallery, New York, February 9–26

1982
 * Ralph Humphrey, Willard Gallery, New York, April 5 – May 7

1983
 * Ralph Humphrey, Willard Gallery, New York, April 3–May 8
 * Ralph Humphrey: Paintings, 1975–1982, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, October 6–30

1984
 * Ralph Humphrey: Selected Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, May 14 – June 11

1985
 * Delahunty Gallery, Dallas
 * Ralph Humphrey, Willard Gallery, New York, April 7 – May 12

1987
 * Ralph Humphrey: Recent Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, October 16 – November 2

1990
 * Ralph Humphrey, Jay Gorney Modern Art, New York, January–February

1991
 * Ralph Humphrey: 1990, Mary Boone Gallery, New York, March 3–31
 * Ralph Humphrey: Frame Paintings, 1964 to 1965, Mary Boone Gallery, New York, September 8–October 6
 * Ralph Humphrey: A Retrospective View, 1954–1990, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, November 8– December 5

1996
 * Ralph Humphrey: The Late Paintings on Paper, Bertha and Karl Leubsdorf Art Gallery, Hunter College, City University of New York, September 19 – October 26
 * Ralph Humphrey: Paintings, 1975–1985, John Berggruen Gallery, San Francisco, October–November

1998
 * Ralph Humphrey: Selected Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, San Francisco, August 17 – October 17

2000
 * Ralph Humphrey, Danese Gallery, New York, January 16 – February 14

2001
 * Ralph Humphrey: Early Paintings, 1957–1967, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, November 1 – December 9

2008
 * Ralph Humphrey: Later Paintings, 1975–1982, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, April 5 – May 26

2012
 * Ralph Humphrey: Selected Works from the Estate, Nielsen Gallery, Boston, May 17 – June 14
 * Ralph Humphrey: Selected Paintings, 1957–1980, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, May 31 – June 28

2015
 * Ralph Humphrey, Gary Snyder Gallery, New York, September 13 – October 27


 * Ralph Humphrey: Conveyance, Garth Greenan Gallery, New York, April 2–May 16

Group exhibitions
1961 1966 1967 1968 1968–1969 1969 1969–1970 1970–1971 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1975–1976 1976 1977 1977–1978 1978–1979 1979 1980 1981 1981–1982 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1986–1987 1997 2004 2006–2007 2008 2008–2009 2009 2010 2011 2011–2012 2012 2014–2015 2015
 * American Abstract Expressionists and Imagists, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, October–December
 * Systemic Painting, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, September–November
 * Selected N.Y.C. Artists 1967, Ithaca College Museum of Art, Ithaca, New York, April 4 – May 27
 * Focus on Light, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, May 20 – September 10
 * Highlights of the 1966–1967 Art Season, Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, Connecticut, June 18 – September 4
 * A Romantic Minimalism, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia September 13 – October 11
 * Bykert Gallery, New York
 * The Art of the Real: USA, 1948–1968, Museum of Modern Art, New York, July 3 – September 8
 * The Pure and Clear: American Innovations, Philadelphia Museum of Art, November 13, 1968 – January 21, 1969
 * American Painting: The 1960s, Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia, Athens, September 22– November 8
 * Current Minimal Painting, Vassar College Art Gallery, Poughkeepsie, New York
 * 1969 Annual Exhibition: Contemporary American Painting, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, December 16, 1969 – February 1, 1970
 * Color and Field, 1890–1970, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, September 15 – November 1, 1970; Dayton Art Institute, Ohio, November 20, 1970 – January 10, 1971; Cleveland Museum of Art, February 4–March 28, 1971
 * The Structure of Color, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, February 25 – April 18
 * Spray, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, California, April 24–May 30
 * Bykert Gallery, New York
 * Art of the Decade, 1960–1970: Paintings from the Collections of Greater Detroit, University Art Gallery, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, November 14–December 17
 * Painting and Sculpture Today, Indianapolis Museum of Art, April 26 – June 4
 * Current American Abstract Painting, Vassar College Art Gallery, Poughkeepsie, New York
 * Dealers’ Choice, La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art, California, July 15–September 27
 * Drawings, Bykert Gallery, New York, January 6–24
 * Gallery Toselli, Milan
 * New Painting: Stressing Surface, Katonah Gallery, Katonah, New York, May 4 – June 23
 * Painting and Sculpture Today, Indianapolis Museum of Art, May 22 – July 14; Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, September 12–October 24
 * Ten Painters in New York, Michael Walls Gallery, New York, June 15 – July 6
 * Seventy-First American Exhibition, Art Institute of Chicago, June 15 – August 11
 * 22 Artists, Susan Caldwell Gallery, New York, January 4–25
 * Fourteen Abstract Painters, Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, University of California, Los Angeles, March 25 – May 25
 * Fourteen Artists, Baltimore Museum of Art, April 15 – June 1
 * A Group Show Selected by Klaus Kertess, Texas Gallery, Houston, September 15 – October 11
 * Douglas Drake Gallery, Kansas City, Missouri
 * Painting, Drawing, and Sculpture of the ’60s and ’70s from the Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, October 7–November 18, 1975; Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, December 17, 1975 – February 15, 1976
 * Ideas on Paper: 1970–1976, Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, May 2 – June 6
 * Daniel Weinberg Gallery, San Francisco
 * Paintings on Paper, Drawing Center, New York, January 15–26
 * Galerie Jean-Paul Najar, Paris
 * ’75, ’76, ’77: Painting, Part I, Sarah Lawrence College Art Gallery, Bronxville, New York, February 19–March 10; American Foundation for the Arts, Miami, April–May; Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, June–July
 * A View of a Decade, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, September 10–November 10
 * John Weber Gallery, New York
 * Works from the Collection of Dorothy and Herbert Vogel, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, November 11, 1977 – January 1, 1978
 * Late Twentieth Century Art from the Sydney and Frances Lewis Foundation, Anderson Gallery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, December 5, 1978 – January 9, 1979; Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, *March 22 – May 2, 1979
 * 1979 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, February 6–April 1
 * Generation, Susan Caldwell Gallery, New York
 * The Reductive Object: A Survey of the Minimalist Aesthetic in the 1960s, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, March 7 – April 29
 * The Implicit Image: Abstract Painting in the ’70s, Nielsen Gallery, Boston, April 29 – June 1
 * Color and Structure, Hamilton Gallery, New York, May 5 – June 2
 * Texas Gallery, Houston
 * Black, White, Other, R.H. Oosterom Gallery, New York, January 17 – February 17
 * Current/New York: Recent Works in Relief, Joe and Emily Lowe Art Gallery, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, January 27–February 24
 * Painting in Relief, Whitney Museum of American Art, Downtown Branch, New York, January 30 – March 5
 * Painting and Sculpture Today, Indianapolis Museum of Art, June 24 – August 17
 * 3 Dimensional Painting, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, August 2 – November 9
 * Planar Painting: Constructs, 1975–1980, The Alternative Museum, New York, October 18–November 15, 1980
 * The Image Transformed, Art Latitude Gallery, New York, November 4–29
 * A Seventies Selection: An Exhibition of Works from the Collection of the Whitney Museum of American Art, Miami University Art Museum, Oxford, Ohio, February 14 – June 14
 * Abstract Mythologies, Nielsen Gallery, Boston, March 1–31
 * Between Painting and Sculpture, Pam Adler Gallery, New York, March 31 – April 25
 * Drawing Invitational 1981, Harm Bouckaert Gallery, New York, December 2, 1981 – January 2, 1982
 * The Erotic Impulse, Roger Litz Gallery, New York
 * Postminimalism, Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, Connecticut, September 19–December 19
 * Abstract Painting: 1960–1969, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center, Queens, January 16 – March 13
 * New Work, New York: Newcastle Salutes New York, Newcastle Polytechnic Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, October 8–November 4
 * Parasol and Simca: Two Presses/Two Processes, Center Gallery, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, February 3–April 4, 1984; Sordoni Art Gallery, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, April 15–May 13
 * The Meditative Surface, Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, April 1 – May 16
 * Abstract Painting Redefined, Louis K. Meisel Gallery, New York, February 16 – March 30
 * Now and Then: A Selection of Recent and Earlier Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, June 1 – August 31
 * American Abstract Painting: 1960–1980, Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles, June 19 – August 24
 * The Purist Image, Marian Locks Gallery, Philadelphia, November
 * The Window in Twentieth-Century Art, Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College, State University of New York, September 21, 1986 – January 18, 1987; Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, April 24– June 29, 1987
 * A Lasting Legacy: Selections from the Lannan Foundation Gift, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, September 9–December 14
 * A Minimal Future?: Art as Object, 1958–1968, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, March 28 – July 26
 * High Times, Hard Times: New York Painting, 1967–1975, Weatherspoon Art Museum, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, August 6–October 15, 2006; American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center, American University, Washington, D.C., November 21, 2006 – January 21, 2007; National Academy Museum and School, New York, February 13 – April 27, 2007
 * The Idea of Nature, 33 Bond Gallery, New York, June 12–July 31
 * Into the Void: Abstract Art, 1948–2008, Tucson Museum of Art, July 17–September 26
 * Steve DiBenedetto, Ralph Humphrey, Chris Martin, and Andrew Masullo/Paintings, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, December 6, 2008 – January 31, 2009
 * Image Matter, Mary Boone Gallery, New York, February 21 – March 28
 * Not New: Vincent Fecteau Selects from the Collection, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, July 25 – November 8
 * Wall-to-Wall, Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles, June 5 – August 14
 * Surface Truths: Abstract Painting in the Sixties, Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California, March 25 – August 15
 * The Language of Less: Then and Now, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, October 8, 2011 – April 8, 2012
 * Susan Hartnett, Ralph Humphrey, Marilyn Lerner, and Dona Nelson, Mary Boone Gallery, New York, March 22 – April 28
 * The Avant-Garde Collection, Orange County Museum of Art, Newport Beach, California, September 7, 2014 – January 4, 2015
 * Pretty Raw: After and Around Helen Frankenthaler, Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, February 11 – June 7, 2015

Collections
Humphrey's work can be found in prominent collections in America and Australia, including the following:
 * Addison Gallery of American Art
 * Allen Memorial Art Museum
 * Art Institute of Chicago
 * Butler Institute of American Art
 * Carnegie Museum of Art
 * Dayton Art Institute
 * Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago
 * Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
 * Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego
 * Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 * Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
 * Museum of Modern Art
 * National Gallery of Australia
 * Norton Simon Museum
 * Oklahoma City Museum of Art
 * Orange County Museum of Art
 * Palm Springs Art Museum
 * Parrish Art Museum
 * Pérez Art Museum Miami
 * Philadelphia Museum of Art
 * Rose Art Museum
 * San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
 * Smithsonian American Art Museum
 * Tucson Museum of Art
 * Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
 * Walker Art Center
 * Weatherspoon Art Museum
 * Whitney Museum of American Art