Rangpur, Assam

Rangpur (pron: ˈræŋpʊə or ˈræŋgpʊə) is the 4th capital of the Ahom kingdom, was established by Swargadeo Rudra Singha in "Meteka" in 1707 after shifting the capital from Garhgaon. It is currently a part of Sibsagar town. The place holds many monuments build by the Ahom dynasty, the most notable of which are the Talatal Ghar and the Rang Ghar.

The architectural plan of Rangpur spread over almost a thousand bighas of land. Ghanasyam, an architect from Koch Bihar, was deputed by Rudra Singha to design the city.

Etymology
Rangpur situated near the modern day Sivasagar town, means City of delight or the City of Joy as the King here had immensely enjoyed the falconry arranged by the Borphukan and in Ahom language it is called Che-mun.

Capital City
The city of Rangpur was laid in C.E. 1698 by King Rudra Singha at Tengabari of Meteka area. He then excavated the famous Joysagar Tank and there after he respectively had constructed the Talatal Ghar, Rangnath Dol, Fakuwa dol, Gola Ghar, and the Joy dol. The city had three gates, namely– Borduar (i.e. main entrance), Na-duar and Paniduar besides an underground tunnel connected with the Dikhow river on the north.

The city was bounded by Dikhow on the north, a fort (Garh) near Namdang river on the south, Bangarh on the east and Dikhow-Namdang on the west. Ananta Acharyya, who received the royal patronage of King Siva Singha and Phuleshwari, gives a beautiful description of Rangpur in his manuscript Ananta Lahari –

Successors of Rudra Singha did much for the enhancement of splendour and expansion of the city of Rangpur. Pramatta Singha re-constructed the Rang Ghar with bricks in C.E. 1746, Rajeswar Singha re-constructed the (present-day) Talatal Ghar with bricks, the Hara-Gauri Dol (West of Rangnath) and Nati-Gosain Dol. Lakshmi Singha made a flower garden in which he built the temple of Ekaneswar (Shiva) with a tank.

Roads and Communications
The main road of the capital was Bor Ali, starting from Dergaon to Joysagar. Some other significant roads of around Rangpur were Meteka Ali, Duboroni Ali, Borpatra Ali etc.

The royal families and the officials used to reside in the– Jerenga pothar, Rupohi pothar etc.

Decline
Rangpur was the capital of Ahoms during the most glorious period of the Ahom kingdom. During the Moamoria rebellion (1769–1805), it became vulnerable to the rebels and came under their occupation on many occasions; the rebellion left the city ruined. Kamaleswar Singha made some efforts to revive its former glory but Burmese invasions left it a ruined.