Renzo L. Ricca

Renzo Luigi Ricca (24 January 1960) is an Italian-born applied mathematician (naturalised British citizen), professor of mathematical physics at the University of Milano-Bicocca. His principal research interests are in classical field theory, dynamical systems (classical and quantum vortex dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics in particular) and structural complexity. He is known for his contributions to the field of geometric and topological fluid dynamics and, in particular, for his work on kinetic and magnetic helicity, physical knot theory and the emergent area of "knotted fields".

Education
Ricca was born and educated first in Casale Monferrato, and then in Turin and Cambridge (UK). He attended the Liceo Scientifico Palli before reading engineering and mathematical sciences at the Politecnico di Torino, where he graduated in 1988. By a prestigious doctoral grant offered by the Association for the Promotion of the Scientific and Technological Development of Piedmont (ASSTP, Turin) he entered Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, where he read mathematics. His Ph.D. work was conducted under the guidance of H. Keith Moffatt on the subject of topological fluid dynamics. In 1991 while completing his doctoral studies he was awarded the J.T. Knight's Prize in Mathematics for work on geometric interpretation of soliton conserved quantities, obtaining the Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics for work on geometric and topological aspects of vortex filament dynamics.

Career
In 1992, after visiting the Institute for Theoretical Physics (UC Santa Barbara) and the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton), Ricca returned to Europe joining the faculty of the mathematics department of the University College London, first as a research fellow. and then as a senior research fellow and part-time lecturer. From 1993 to 1995 he also held a joint position as university researcher at the Politecnico di Torino. In 2003 he moved to the Department of Mathematics and Applications of the University of Milano-Bicocca, first as a visiting scholar and then as Associate Professor of Mathematical Physics. He held many visiting positions in various institutions worldwide; from 2016 he is a Distinguished Guest Professor of the Beijing University of Technology (BJUT), and from 2023 Affiliate of the World Premier Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2) head by Ivan Smalyukh at Hiroshima University.

Research
Ricca's main research interests lie in ideal fluid dynamics, particularly as regards geometric and topological aspects of vortex flows and magnetic fields forming knots, links and braids. Aspects of potential theory of knotted fields, structural complexity and energy of filament tangles are also at the core of his research.

Geometric aspects of dynamical systems
In the context of classical vortex dynamics Ricca's main contributions concern the geometric interpretation of certain conserved quantities associated with soliton solutions of integrable systems and the first study of three-dimensional effects of torsion on vortex filament dynamics. In ideal magnetohydrodynamics Ricca has demonstrated the effects of inflexional instability of twisted magnetic flux tubes that trigger braid formation in solar coronal loops. In more recent years Ricca has been concerned with the role of minimal Seifert surfaces spanning knots and links, providing analytical description of the topological transition of a soap film surface by the emergence of a twisted fold (cusp) singularity. His current work aims to establish connections between isophase minimal surfaces spanning defects in Bose-Einstein condensates and critical energy.

Topological fluid dynamics
In 1992, relying on earlier work by Berger and Field, Moffatt and Ricca established a deep connection between topology and classical field theory extending the original result by Keith Moffatt on the topological interpretation of hydrodynamical helicity and providing a rigorous derivation of the linking number of an isolated flux tube from the helicity of classical fluid mechanics in terms of writhe and twist. He also derived explicit torus knot solutions to integrable equations of hydrodynamic type, and he contributed to determine new relations between energy of knotted fields and topological information in terms of crossing and winding number information. In collaboration with Xin Liu, Ricca derived the Jones and HOMFLYPT knot polynomial invariants from the helicity of fluid flows, hence extending the initial work on helicity to highly complex networks of filament structures. This work opened up the possibility to quantify natural decay processes in terms of structural topological complexity. As regards quantum fluid systems, Ricca and collaborators demonstrated the physical implications of a superposed twist phase as a Aharonov-Bohm effect for the formation of new defects in condensates, and provided analytical and topological proofs of the zero helicity condition for Seifert framed defects.

Dynamical models in high-dimensional manifolds
In the context of high-dimensional manifolds in 1991 Ricca derived the intrinsic equations of motion of a string as a model for the then emerging string theory of high-energy particle physics, proposing a connection between the hierarchy of integrable equations of hydrodynamic type and the general setting of intrinsic kinematics of one-dimensional objects in (2n+1)-dimensional manifolds. Recently he contributed to extend the hydrodynamic description of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to general Riemannian manifolds, with possible applications to analog models of gravity in cosmological black hole theory

Origin and development of mathematical concepts
With a comprehensive review work Ricca contributed to uncover original results by Tullio Levi-Civita and his student Luigi Sante Da Rios on asymptotic potential theory of slender tubes with applications to vortex dynamics, thus anticipating by more than 50 years fundamental discoveries later done in soliton theory and fluid mechanics. He also offered proof of Karl Friedrich Gauss' own possible derivation of the origin of the linking number concept, and the independent derivation done by James Clerk Maxwell.

Research-Related Activities
In the year 2000 he co-organised and directed a 4-month research programme on geometry and topology of fluid flows held at the Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences (Cambridge, UK), followed in 2001 by a CIME Summer School under the auspices of the Italian Mathematical Union (UMI). In 2011 he organised a 3-month programme on knots and applications held at the Ennio De Giorgi Mathematical Research Centre of the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa. In 2016 he organised an IUTAM Symposium on helicity (hosted by the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in Venice) that gathered more than 100 scientists from 20 different countries, and in September 2019 he organised and directed at the Beijing University of Technology (BJUT) the first programme in China devoted to topological aspects of knotted fields. He is a founding member of GEOTOP-A, an international web-seminar series that was launched in 2018 to promote applications of geometry and topology in science. He is also a founding member of The Association for Mathematical Research (AMR), a non-profit organisation launched in 2021 to support mathematical research and scholarship through a broad spectrum of services to the mathematical community.

Awards and Distinctions

 * 1991 J. T. Knight's Prize, U. Cambridge (UK).
 * 2001 Invitation Fellowship, JSPS (Japan).
 * 2003 Return "Brain Gain" Scholarship ("Incentivazione alla mobilità di studiosi stranieri e italiani residenti all'estero"), MIUR (Italy)
 * 2007 Lagrange Senior Research Fellowship, Institute for Scientific Interchange (Italy).
 * 2008 Erasmus Visiting Professorship, Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 (LLP, EC).
 * 2019 Erasmus Visiting Professorship, Erasmus+ (EC).

Edited Volumes

 * Ricca, R.L. (Editor) An Introduction to the Geometry and Topology of Fluid Flows. NATO ASI Series II 47. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2001). ISBN 978-1402002069
 * Ricca, R.L. (Editor) Lectures on Topological Fluid Mechanics. Springer-CIME Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1973. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany (2009). ISBN 9783642008368
 * Adams, C.C., Gordon, C.McA., Jones, V.F.R., Kauffman, L.H., Lambropoulou, S., Millett, K.C., Przytycki, J.H., Ricca, R.L., Sazdanovic, R. (Editors) Knots, Low-Dimensional Topology and Applications. Springer-Nature, Switzerland (2019). ISBN 978-3-030-16030-2
 * Ricca, R.L. & Liu, X. (Editors) Knotted Fields. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 2344. Springer-Nature, Switzerland (2024). ISBN 978-3-031-57984-4