Reputation (album)

Reputation (stylized in all lowercase) is the sixth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on November 10, 2017, as her last album with Big Machine Records. She conceived Reputation as a response to the media scrutiny on her private life and public image after her previous album, 1989 (2014), propelled her toward global stardom.

Inspired by Swift's romantic relationships and tarnished media image caused by celebrity disputes, the songs on Reputation altogether form a linear narrative about a protagonist expressing anger and vengeance against wrongdoers and finding solace in a blossoming love. Produced largely by Swift, Jack Antonoff, Max Martin, and Shellback, Reputation is an electropop and R&B album with elements of urban styles such as hip hop, trap, and EDM. Its densely arranged electronic sound is characterized by programmed drum machines, pulsating synthesizers and bass, and manipulated vocals.

Swift opted out of television and press interviews to promote Reputation. Before the album's release, she cleared out her website and social media accounts, which generated widespread media attention. The lead single "Look What You Made Me Do" topped charts worldwide, the single "Delicate" topped US airplay charts, and the Reputation Stadium Tour became the highest-grossing North American tour of all time. In the United States, Reputation was Swift's fourth consecutive album to sell one million first-week copies, spent four weeks atop the Billboard 200, and was certified triple platinum. The album also topped charts and received multi-platinum certifications in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

When Reputation was first released, music critics generally praised Swift's intimate songwriting about love but were divided by the production and themes of fame and celebrity, which some described as harsh and derivative. Some media publications deemed the album disappointing in the context of Swift's celebrity and the US political landscape. Retrospective reviews opined that the initial reception was affected by the negative press and described the album as a work of artistic experimentation and evolution for Swift. Reputation was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, and it was listed on Slant Magazine list of the best albums of the 2010s.

Background
Taylor Swift described her fifth studio album, 1989, as her first "official pop album" that marked her departure from the country music stylings she had been known for. Released on October 27, 2014, the album has a synth-pop production characterized by prominent electronic elements including synthesizers, programmed drums, and processed backing vocals. It sold 14 million copies worldwide, its accompanying world tour was the highest-grossing of 2015, and three of its singles reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. 1989 propelled Swift toward a pop icon status, with Billboard writing that it bought forth "a kind of cultural omnipresence that's rare for a 2010s album".

Swift's popularity turned her into a media fixation; British GQ wrote that she became "a lightning rod for accelerating cultural anxieties about race, gender and privilege". Her "girl squad" of female celebrity friends including fashion models, actresses, and singers, received backlash for allegedly promoting a false idea of feminism which The Daily Telegraph remarked as "impossibly beautiful women flaunting impossibly perfect lives". Tabloid media publicized her short-lived romantic relationships with the Scottish producer Calvin Harris and the English actor Tom Hiddleston. A feud with the rapper Kanye West and the media personality Kim Kardashian over West's song "Famous", in which he claims he made Swift a success ("I made that bitch famous"), was controversial. Although Swift said she never consented to the said lyric, Kardashian released a phone recording between Swift and West, in which the former seemingly consented to another portion of the song. In 2020, the phone recording was proven to be edited to create controversy about Swift when the full transcript was leaked.

After the West–Kardashian controversy, critics regarded Swift as fake and calculating, a conclusion that surmounted after years of what they saw as a deliberate maneuver to carefully cultivate her public image. Her once-reputation as "America's Sweetheart", attributed to her down-to-earth and positive image, began to fade. The tumultuous events made her a subject of an online "#IsOverParty" hashtag, where her detractors denounced her as a "snake". They overshadowed her public advocacy; the praise she received for her victory in a sexual assault trial, part of an ongoing public debate about sexual misconduct, had minimal impact in improving her image. Swift became increasingly reticent on social media despite a large following and avoided the press amidst the commotion. She announced a prolonged hiatus and felt "people might need a break from [her]".

Recording and conception
During seclusion from public appearances, Swift wrote Reputation as a "defense mechanism" against the rampant media scrutiny targeting her and a means to revamp her state of mind. She said in a 2019 Rolling Stone interview that she followed the songwriting for her 2014 single "Blank Space", which satirizes the criticism targeting her for dating "too many people" in her twenties, and wrote Reputation from the perspective of a character that others believed her to be. In a 2023 Time interview, she described the album's creation as "a goth-punk moment of female rage at being gaslit by an entire social structure." Although the media gossip was a major inspiration, recurring romantic themes of love and friendship that had been dominant in Swift's songwriting remained intact. She recalled that amidst the "battle raging on" outside, she found solace in quiet moments with her loved ones and began creating a newfound private life on her own terms "for the first time" since starting her career.

Swift produced Reputation with two teams: one with Jack Antonoff and the other with Max Martin and Shellback; she had worked with all three on 1989. By engaging a smaller production group on Reputation than on 1989, she envisioned that the album would be more coherent but still "versatile enough". She executive produced the album and co-wrote all of its 15 tracks. Martin and Shellback co-wrote and produced nine, and Antonoff co-wrote and co-produced the remaining six, all of which were co-produced by Swift. Ali Payami, Oscar Görres, and Oscar Holter each co-wrote and co-produced a track with Martin and Shellback: "...Ready for It?", "So It Goes...", and "Dancing with Our Hands Tied". The track "End Game" features songwriting credits and guest appearances from the English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran and the American rapper Future.

Recording sessions with Antonoff mostly took place at his home studio in Brooklyn, with several trips to Atlanta and California for him to incorporate ideas from other producers. He wanted Swift to capture her emotions at a particular time when "you can feel like you can conquer the world, or you can feel like the biggest piece of garbage that ever existed", resulting in a "very intense" record. As Swift wanted to record the album in secrecy, Antonoff kept his studio computer offline to prevent a possible internet leak and deleted the trials once the mixing and mastering finalized.

Musical styles
Reputation is primarily an electropop album. It incorporates a heavy, maximalist electronic production with EDM instrumentation and rhythms. The melodies are characterized by propulsive bass notes, pulsating synthesizers, and loud programmed drum machines. Pitchfork's Jamieson Cox described the instrumentation as "hair-raising bass drops, vacuum-cleaner synths [...], stuttering trap percussion, cyborg backing choirs". Swift's voice is heavily manipulated, either distorted or multitracked. Critics found Reputation sonically heavier, louder, and darker than its predecessor 1989 's bright synth-pop, with Neil McCormick from The Daily Telegraph deeming it "a big, brash, all-guns-blazing blast of weaponised pop". Swift associated Reputation 's sound with imagery of "nighttime cityscape ... old warehouse buildings that had been deserted and factory spaces".

The album's first half, made up of mostly tracks produced by Martin and Shellback, is comparatively heavier in sound. The first four tracks—"...Ready for It?", "End Game", "I Did Something Bad", "Don't Blame Me"—are particularly aggressive. "...Ready for It?" has an industrial production backed by a thumping bassline, "End Game" features sputtering trap beats, "I Did Something Bad" is punctuated by a dubstep drop, and "Don't Blame Me" has a gothic, gospel-oriented soundscape drenched in synthesizers, dubstep beats, and vocal harmonization. "Look What You Made Me Do" uses modular synthesizers, drums, and guitars in the second pre-chorus; it incorporates an interpolation of "I'm Too Sexy" (1991) by the English band Right Said Fred. The power ballad "So It Goes..." has an atmospheric trap-pop production. "King of My Heart" features surging keyboard instruments in the pre-chorus and thumping drums in the post-chorus, and "Dancing with Our Hands Tied" is instrumented with propelling beats and an EDM refrain.

The second half, mostly driven by Antonoff's 1980s-synth-pop production characterized by pulsing synthesizers and upbeat refrains, brings forth a somewhat softer, more emotional sound. Jon Caramanica of The New York Times described the change of tone; "in the beginning, [Swift] is indignant and barbed, but by the end she's practically cooing." "Dress" features a sultry production with stuttering beats, syncopated phrasings, swirling synthesizers, and a refrain containing falsetto vocals. "Getaway Car" and "Call It What You Want" are two atmospheric synth-pop tracks. The latter, produced with an Akai MPC and strings simulated by a Yamaha DX7 synthesizer, incorporates a subdued, trap-R&B production. The closing track, the piano ballad "New Year's Day", is the album's only acoustic song; it was recorded on an acoustic piano in "scratch takes" that do not filter unwanted sounds from the outer environment.

Influences of many urban genres, most prominently hip hop, trap, and R&B, and other subgenres including grime, tropical house, and Miami bass, coalesce on Reputation. According to Caramanica, its sound is "soft-core pop-R&B" and the musical influences are rooted in black music but Swift "[softens] them enough to where [she] can credibly attempt them". Specifically, the drum patterns embrace trap influences and push Swift's vocals toward hip-hop-and-R&B-oriented cadences and delivery. For instance, "End Game" features Swift singing with loose, near-rap cadences; Cox found this influence to strip her vocals off their expressiveness and give them a conversational quality. Other urban influences are on such tracks as "Delicate", which incorporate a Caribbean-inflected sound and tropical house beats; "Gorgeous", which features hip-hop-trademark 808 drums and rhythms; and "Dress", an R&B slow jam. On tracks such as "Delicate", "Getaway Car", "King of My Heart", her vocals are processed with a vocoder, which NPR's Ann Powers attributed to the influence of rappers and R&B artists.

Themes and lyrics
Swift said that Reputation consists of a linear timeline: it begins with how she felt when she started working on the album and transitions to how she felt by the time she completed it. Inspired by the fantasy series Game of Thrones, she split the album into two sides; one contains songs about vengeance and drama, and the other about finding love, friendship, and "something sacred throughout all the battle cries". The series' characters and little hints to foreshadow the story lines, which Swift considered "cryptic", prompted her to finesse her songwriting and include "cryptic" messages through which she hoped to communicate with fans. She identified Game of Thrones influences for certain songs: "I Did Something Bad" was inspired by Sansa and Arya Stark's plot to kill Littlefinger, "Look What You Made Me Do" by Arya Stark's "kill list", and "King of My Heart" by Daenerys Targaryen and Khal Drogo's romance.

Steven Hyden considered Reputation a concept album about Swift's celebrity and said it encapsulates her attention to the conversation about her. It references alcohol and sex more than any of Swift's previous records, which The New York Times ' Lindsay Zoladz considered her gradual and deliberate decision at 27 years old to abandon her prior youthful and innocent music and image, unlike former teenage female singers who provocatively publicize their sudden "loss of innocence". Despite the first few tracks about outright vengeance and anger, much of Reputation is about romantic themes of finding love, intimacy, and expressing one's vulnerability when one thinks they might have suffered too much to love again. For Rob Sheffield, the album is a song cycle about how one stops chasing romance and defining their life based on others' perspectives. Some critics interpreted the overarching narrative as a love story chronicling the burgeoning days, fallout, and recovery, which Swift corroborated in a 2019 Rolling Stone interview: "The one-two punch, bait-and-switch of Reputation is that it was actually [...] a love story in amongst chaos."

Swift's image as a woman with serial romantic relationships and her defiant attitude against this reputation are recurring themes on the first tracks. Opener "...Ready for It?" has lyrics about falling in love with a new partner. Inspired by the novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky, it incorporates a criminal metaphor that recurs on other tracks. Swift said its mentions of bank heists, robbers, and thieves, a "twisted" but "interesting" way to depict "finding your partner in crime". In "End Game", Swift, Future, and Sheeran rap and sing about finding true love in spite of the gossip surrounding their perceived images. "I Did Something Bad" is narrated from the perspective of a female character who manipulates men and "Don't Blame Me" compares a love that "makes [her] crazy" to a drug addiction. Designated by Swift as Reputation 's "first point of vulnerability", "Delicate" is where the narrator begins to worry if her tarnished reputation could affect a new romance. In the song, she wonders because "[her] reputation has never been worse", the love interest must love her for herself. The album continues with "Look What You Made Me Do", which Swift initially wrote as a poem about her realizing she "couldn't trust certain people". She indicated the most important lyrics of the song as, "Oh, I'm sorry, the old Taylor can't come to the phone right now. Why? Oh, 'cause she's dead", which reference the phone recording between her and West that Kardashian had released.

In "So It Goes...", which features sexual imagery of smeared lipstick on her lover's face and leaving scratches on his back, the narrator details how he helps her get out of her fixations and promises she will "do bad things with [him]" despite not being a "bad girl". "Gorgeous" has playful lyrics about newfound romantic attraction, where the narrator feels tempted to cheat on an existing boyfriend for another. It is followed by "Getaway Car", which uses crime scene escape imagery and a Bonnie and Clyde reference to tell the story of how the narrator leaves her former lover in a hotel room and escapes in the getaway car with a new lover. "King of My Heart" is a straightforward love song in which the narrator proclaims herself as her lover's "American queen" and how the couple rules their "kingdom inside [her] room". Swift structured the song such that each of the sections (verse, pre-chorus, chorus) depicts a separate phase of a relationship, and they altogether form a complete love story. The next track, "Dancing With Our Hands Tied", describes a narrator's reflection on a past relationship when she was 25 years old and how the lover turns her bed "into a sacred oasis".

In "Dress", which features overtly sexual lyrics, the narrator claims that she "only bought this dress" to be taken off by her lover and how she does not "want [them] like a best friend". "This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things" was inspired by Swift's observation of how people take things for granted. It references her 4th of July parties, filled with champagne and having her "feeling so Gatsby for that whole year". In the track, the narrator calls out her enemies and former friends. When she tries to get diplomatic with them ("forgiveness is a nice thing to do"), she laughs at the idea. The two closing tracks, "Call It What You Want" and "New Year's Day", summarize Swift's state of mind after she learned how to welcome and prioritize certain things in her life. In "Call It What You Want", the narrator accepts that her reputation might be unredeemable ("They took the crown but it's alright") and meditates on the transformative power of her relationship ("My baby's fly like a jetstream, high above the whole scene"). The closing track, "New Year's Day", sees the narrator and her lover cleaning up after a New Year's party. On the inspiration, Swift explained that although kissing someone on New Year's Eve is a romantic idea, having someone by one's side the morning after "to give you Advil and clean up the house" is even more so.

Marketing
On August 18, 2017, Swift blanked out all of her social media accounts, which prompted media speculation on new music. In the following days, she uploaded silent, black-and-white short videos of CGI snakes onto social media, which attracted widespread press attention. Imagery of snakes was inspired by the West–Kardashian controversy and featured prominently in the album's promotional campaign. On August 23, she announced on Instagram the title Reputation and released the cover artwork. Photographed by Mert and Marcus, the cover is a black-and-white photograph of an expressionless Swift in slicked-back hair, a loose-fitting grey sweatshirt with a zig-zag stitch on the right shoulder, and a choker necklace. Her name is printed multiple times over one side of her face, in a typeface resembling that used in newspapers. Media outlets interpreted the design as a mockery at the media scrutiny. The cover inspired many internet memes and was listed among the worst album covers of 2017 by Billboard and Exclaim!. The latter dismissed it as a "packaging for a sickly sweet, heavily discounted celebrity fragrance you'd find on the back shelf at Shoppers Drug Mart".

Reputation 's lead single, "Look What You Made Me Do", was released on August 24. The single peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in just its second week of charting, with the biggest single-week sales and streaming figures of 2017 in the United States and was Swift's first number one on the UK Singles Chart; its music video broke the record for the most 24-hour views on YouTube. Shortly after the single's release, UPS announced a partnership with Swift, which included Reputation-branded trucks and award-winning contests promoting the album across US cities. Other corporate tie-ins were a Ticketmaster partnership for a concert tour; an AT&T deal for a behind-the-scenes series chronicling the making of Reputation; and a Target partnership for two deluxe album editions, each featuring an exclusive magazine with poetry, paintings, handwritten lyrics, and behind-the-scenes photography. Swift collaborated with ESPN to preview the second single, "...Ready for It?", during a college football match on September 2; it opened at number four on the Billboard Hot 100. Kate Knibbs of The Ringer labelled the partnerships as "maximum commercialization" and wrote, "If [Swift] was going to be a snake, she was going to be an ultracapitalist snake."

Prior to the album's release, the tracks "Gorgeous" and "Call It What You Want" were released for download and streaming as promotional singles, and the track "New Year's Day" premiered during the broadcast of an episode of ABC's Scandal. Reputation was released in various territories on digital and physical formats on November 10, 2017, by Big Machine Records. Although the streaming provider Spotify initially promoted Reputation on its playlists and commercial billboards, Swift and Big Machine kept the album off streaming platforms until December 1. Throughout late 2017 and early 2018, a string of singles were released to support the album: "End Game" was released to French radio by Mercury Records on November 14, "New Year's Day" impacted US country radio on November 27, and "Delicate" was released to US pop radio on March 12. The last of which was the album's most successful radio single, peaking atop three Billboard airplay charts: Pop Songs, Adult Pop Songs, and Adult Contemporary.

Performances


Although Swift had actively promoted albums with extensive press interviews and television appearances, she opted out of such a campaign for Reputation. She instead held exclusive secret album-listening sessions within one month in advance for fans selected from social media by herself, hosting them at her homes in Rhode Island, Los Angeles, London, and Nashville. The secret sessions were reserved for 500 fans in total; behind-the-scenes footage was released on Good Morning America on November 7, 2017. She appeared on the cover for British Vogue, for which she appointed her own photographers and published a self-written poem instead of giving an interview. In an interview with Zane Lowe for Apple Music in May 2019, Swift said she turned down interviews because she felt no need to explain the album and used music as the only medium to convey her thoughts and feelings. On the title's all lowercase styling, she said it was because the album "wasn't unapologetically commercial"—that it "took the most amount of explanation, and yet it's the one [she] didn't talk about".

Within Reputation 's first release week, Swift performed on Saturday Night Live ("...Ready for It?", "Call It What You Want") and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon ("New Year's Day"). She embarked on the Reputation Stadium Tour, which kicked off on May 8, 2018, in Glendale, Arizona and featured supporting acts such as Charli XCX and Camila Cabello. The tour's visual and stage settings incorporated prominent snakes imagery. It encompassed 53 shows across four continents and wrapped up on November 21, 2018, in Tokyo, Japan. The track "Getaway Car" was released as an Australasia-exclusive single to support the Oceanic leg of the Reputation tour in October and November. On completion of its 38-show North American leg, with $266.1 million grosed, it surpassed the Rolling Stones' 70-show US leg of their A Bigger Bang Tour ($245 million; 2005–2007) to become the all-time highest-grossing North American tour. In total, the Reputation Stadium Tour grossed $345.7 million, according to Billboard Boxscore. The second show at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, was recorded and released as a Netflix exclusive on December 31, 2018.

Commercial performance
Reputation sold two million copies worldwide within one week of release. In the United States, the album sold roughly 700,000 copies after one day of availability, and 1.05 million after four days. It opened at number one on the Billboard 200 with first-week figures of 1,238,000 album-equivalent units that consisted of 1,216,000 pure sales—more than any other albums on the chart that week combined. With the achievement, Reputation made Swift the first artist to have four albums each sell more than a million copies within one week since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991. The album spent four non-consecutive weeks at number one, was 2017's best-selling album in the United States, and topped the 2018 Billboard 200 Year-End chart. By June 2024, the album had spent 300 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in December 2017 certified the album 3× Platinum for surpassing three million album-equivalent units. By January 2024, Reputation 's US sales stood at 2.478 million.

Reputation topped the albums charts in many European territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and Switzerland. The album was certified platinum in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden. In the wider English-speaking world, it topped the albums charts of Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Canada. The record was certified platinum or higher in the first three countries, being certified 4× Platinum in Australia and 5× Platinum in New Zealand. In Asia-Pacific, Reputation was certified platinum in Singapore and gold in Japan. It sold over one million units in China as of August 2019, becoming one of the best-selling digital albums there. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), Reputation was the world's second-best-selling album of 2017, with 4.5 million copies sold.

Critical reception
Upon its release, Reputation received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received a weighted average score of 71 based on 28 reviews.

Many critics praised Swift's personal lyricism and songwriting depicting vulnerability and intimacy despite the first impressions of a vindictive record. Reviews by Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani, McCormick, and Sheffield appreciated Reputation for exploring vulnerable sentiments beneath the surface of fame and celebrity. Petridis found the celebrity-inspired, dramatic themes tiring, but lauded the album as "a masterclass in pop songwriting" about love and romance. The Independent 's Roisin O'Connor and Vulture's Craig Jenkins both regarded Reputation as a showcase of Swift's both vindictive and vulnerable sides; the former lauded it for displaying Swift's talents capturing emotional details "that you as a listener cannot". In The A.V. Club, Clayton Purdom appreciated how, despite Swift's embrace of modern styles, her lyrical narrative retains its distinctive romantic nature since her 2008 single, "Love Story".

The production received mixed reviews. In an outright negative review, Geoff Nelson of Consequence gave the album a D+ rating and called it a "bloated, moving disaster". For Nelson, the album found Swift adopting black-music styles and African-American Vernacular English, a "reflection of a wider cultural problem". Some reviewers agreed that Reputation 's black-music influences were controversial and a probable case of cultural appropriation, but Caramanica welcomed them as a sign of Swift embracing modern pop-music trends.

Cinquemani called it a good pop album but found it blemished at times by "tired, repetitive EDM tricks", and Pitchfork's Jamieson Cox lamented how Swift's lyrical craftsmanship was overshadowed by what he deemed a conventional and unoriginal production. The Boston Globe's Terrence Cawley and Billboard 's Jason Lipshutz identified some stylistics missteps but said the experiments were worthwhile and made an enjoyable listen. The Associated Press's Meskin Fekadu and Variety's Chris Willman hailed Reputation as an outstanding pop album; the latter lauded the balance between Swift's singer-songwriter lyrical strengths and the "up-to-the-second rhythmic pop" of mainstream music.

Accolades
Reputation featured on several publications' lists of the best albums of 2017, ranking on such lists by Time (fifth), Rolling Stone (seventh), Slant Magazine (17th), The Independent (19), Complex (26th), NME (31st), and Spin (48th). On the mass critics' poll Pazz & Jop coordinated by The Village Voice, the album ranked at number 71 out of the 100 albums voted as the best of 2017. On individual critics' lists, it appeared on those by Sheffield (second), Caramanica (fifth), and Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times (unranked). On Slant Magazine 's list of the best 2010s-decade album published in 2019, Reputation ranked at number 88.

At industry awards held in 2018, the album won an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Album, a Billboard Music Award for Top Selling Album, a Libera Award for Independent Impact Album, and a Japan Gold Disc Award for Best 3 Albums (Western). It received nominations including an ARIA Music Award nomination for Best International Artist, a Billboard Music Award nomination for Top Billboard 200 Album, and a Juno Award nomination for International Album of the Year. At the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, Reputation was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album, with several publications viewing the lack of a nomination for Album of the Year or any other category as being a snub. The album's packaging and design won two awards from the American Advertising Federation.

Popular culture and politics
Released amidst negative press, Reputation was regarded by several journalists as her "comeback". Some critics interpreted the release during the Donald Trump presidency as a political statement—whereas many celebrities voiced their opposition to Trump's controversial policies, Swift's inaction during the 2016 presidential election was highlighted in the press as a shocking phenomenon. Detractors denounced her as aloof and tone-deaf to contemporary political landscape, with a Guardian editorial dubbing her an "envoy" for Trump's values. The Guardian 's Laura Snapes observed Swift's silence, coupled with the celebrity controversies, considerably damaged her status as a "peerless pop princess". Her inclusion as one of the "Silence Breakers"—a group of six women who publicly spoke out against sexual misconduct—for the cover of Time 2017's People of the Year was criticized by some who disdained her "spineless feminism and political passivity". Some others regarded Reputation as Swift's first commercial disappointment, partly because of its diminished success next to its predecessor, 1989. In defense of Swift, the academic and journalist Jane Martinson said that Swift's disengagement from the press represented her efforts to control the narrative and was an empowering move for young women.

Other opinions observed how the public backlash during promotion of Reputation contributed to Swift's political engagements after 2018; she publicly endorsed political candidates, supported LGBT rights, and criticized systemic racism. The promotional campaign of Reputation, specifically Swift's use of social media, was subject of an academic paper analyzing popular music marketing by Linda Ryan Bengtsson and Jessica Edlom, two media and communications scholars. They argued that Reputation was the "most adequate" release in terms of marketing, driven by fan-oriented social media promotion and Swift's long-standing relationship with her supporters. Her "social media blackout" set a precedent for other pop stars to emulate. Commenting on the album's rollout cycle, the music scholar Jadey O'Regan remarked how Swift used "the art of pop in the best way" for utilizing "the way she's been stereotyped in popular culture". The film director Jennifer Kaytin Robinson cited Reputation as an inspiration for her 2022 teen comedy film Do Revenge.

Critical reevaluation
Critics have regarded Reputation as an album that stood the test of time. Billboard 's Andrew Unterberger in August 2019 wrote: "With a couple years' clarity, removed from all the backlash against Swift for her perceived insincerity (and political neutrality), we can now look back on Reputation for what it actually was: a very good pop album that was very successful." Mary Siroky of Consequence observed how time proved it to be an authentic record, contrary to some initial reviews claiming otherwise and, as part of a 2022 piece titled "What Were We Thinking? 15 Times We Were Wrong", opined that the publication's initial review was influenced by Swift's negative press and its score should have been higher. Powers in 2024 described Reputation as an album "once-scorned, now revered".

Joe Lynch of Billboard attributed the initial criticism to the general preconception disregarding lyrics in synthesizer-based arrangements; "Which is a shame, because on Reputation, Swift's words deliver vivid Polaroid shots directly to your brain." Rolling Stone 's Kara Voght said the album was Swift's first to "truly be in conversation with its pop contemporaries" and identified some of its songs as her artistic heights. For some critics, though Reputation is not as accomplished as Swift's other albums, its hip-hop experimentation and detail-heavy songwriting led to her refined craftsmanship on subsequent records, namely Folklore (2020), Evermore (2020), and Midnights (2022).

Personnel

 * Taylor Swift – vocals, backing vocals (tracks: 1, 4, 10), producer (tracks: 6, 9, 12–15); executive producer; packaging creative design, package direction, creative packaging direction
 * Max Martin – producer, keyboards, programming (tracks: 1–5, 7, 8, 10, 11); recording (track 1); piano (tracks: 4, 5); backing vocals (track 4)
 * Shellback – producer, keyboards, programming (tracks: 1–5, 7, 8, 10, 11); drums (tracks: 2, 4, 10); bass (tracks: 2, 10); guitars (track 8)
 * Ali Payami – producer, keyboards, programming (track 1)
 * Jack Antonoff – producer, programming, instruments (tracks: 6, 9, 12–14); backing vocals (tracks: 6, 9, 14); piano, bass, guitar, synths (track 15)
 * Oscar Görres – producer, keyboards, programming, piano (track 7)
 * Oscar Holter – producer, keyboards, programming (track 11)
 * Michael Ilbert – engineer (tracks: 2–5, 7, 8, 10, 11)
 * Sam Holland – engineer (tracks: 2–5, 7, 8, 11)
 * Laura Sisk – engineer (tracks: 6, 9, 12, 13, 15)
 * Noah Passovoy – engineer (track 10)
 * Cory Bice – assistant engineer (tracks: 2–5, 7, 10, 11)
 * Jeremy Lertola – assistant engineer (tracks: 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11)
 * Jon Sher – assistant engineer (track 10)
 * Ed Sheeran – featured artist (track 2)
 * Future – featured artist (track 2)
 * Ilya Salmanzadeh – additional vocal production (track 2)
 * Seth Ferkins – engineer (track 2)
 * Sean Flora – assistant engineer (track 2)
 * Peter Karlsson – assistant engineer (track 2)
 * Mike Syn – assistant engineer (track 2)
 * Daniel Watson – assistant engineer (track 2)
 * Victoria Parker – violins (tracks: 6, 9, 13); viola (track 13)
 * Phillip A. Peterson – cellos (tracks: 6, 9, 13)
 * Evan Smith – saxophones (track 6)
 * James Reynolds – baby voice intro (track 8)
 * Sean Hutchinson – drums (track 9)
 * Serban Ghenea – mixing
 * John Hanes – mix engineer
 * Randy Merrill – mastering
 * Mert and Marcus – photography
 * Mat Maitland – photo creative direction
 * Joseph Cassell – wardrobe stylist
 * Isamaya Ffrench – makeup
 * Lorraine Griffin – manicurist
 * Paul Hanlon – hair
 * Josh and Bethany Newman – packaging art direction
 * Ben Fieker – packaging design
 * Parker Foote – packaging design
 * Austin Hale – packaging design