Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis

Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis is a species of fungus in the family Sporidiobolaceae. It is a human fungal pathogen that exhibits resistance to antifungal compounds like fluconazole and caspofungin.

Antifungal resistance
Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis was isolated from two independent patients. It can proliferate well at 37 C, a temperature similar to the human body's internal temperature. When it is incubated at 37 C, reactive oxygen species accumulate and damage its DNA, which causes mutations that lead to the development of resistance to amphotericin-B.

R. fluvialis colonies can be pigmented due to the accumulation of carotenoids in the cells. Carotenoid production has been associated with its resistance to caspofungin.