River Nidd

The River Nidd is a tributary of the River Ouse in the English county of North Yorkshire. It rises in Nidderdale at Nidd Head Spring on the slopes of Great Whernside. In its first few miles it has been dammed three times, creating Angram Reservoir, Scar House Reservoir and Gouthwaite Reservoir, which attract a total of around 150,000 visitors a year. It joins the River Ouse at Nun Monkton.

The upper river valley, Nidderdale, was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1994.

The Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust has a remit to conserve the ecological condition of the River Nidd from its headwaters to the Humber estuary.

Course
The Nidd rises in Nidderdale at Nidd Head Spring on the slopes of Great Whernside in the Yorkshire Dales. It flows east into Angram and Scar House reservoirs before turning south just downstream of Newhouses. In dry conditions the river disappears underground into the sinkhole known as Manchester Hole. If Scar House reservoir overflows, water flows past Manchester Hole to Goyden Pot, another sinkhole. In severe floods, the river flows past Goyden Pot down the valley. The water sinking into the Nidderdale caves reappears at the rising Nidd Head to the south of the village of Lofthouse.

Below Lofthouse the river is joined by How Stean Beck, and turns south-south-east towards Ramsgill before flowing into Gouthwaite Reservoir. Continuing on the same heading, the first major settlement is reached at Pateley Bridge. Turning more south-easterly, it flows past Glasshouses and Summerbridge, where it turns south again past Dacre Banks. Passing by Darley, the river turns east before reaching Birstwith, where it flows south-east to Hampsthwaite. A series of large bends in the river take the flow north, east and then south, and east again, to enter Nidd Gorge.

Below the gorge, the river meanders south-east through the town of Knaresborough, heading north and looping south again as it enters flatter terrain. Near Little Ribston it meanders south-easterly and easterly, crossing underneath the A1 and the A1(M) near the small village of Cowthorpe. The river continues meandering past Cattal north-easterly towards Moor Monkton, towards its junction with the River Ouse at Nun Monkton.

Water levels

 * Low and high water levels are an average figure.

Reservoirs
The two most northerly reservoirs on the course of the river were built to provide water to the Bradford area in the early 1900s by way of the Nidd Aqueduct. As of 2017, they are maintained by Yorkshire Water.

Angram Reservoir
The reservoir takes its name from Angram, a settlement in the township of Stonebeck Up, submerged when the reservoir was built. Completed in 1919 with a dam height of	61 m covering 34 hectares with a volume of 1,041 million gallons and a depth of 33.4 m.

Scar House Reservoir
A temporary village was built at Scar House to house the workers building the reservoirs and some remains can still be seen. The old Village Hall was moved to Darley, where it now serves as the local Village Hall. The dam at Scar House was completed in 1936. The dam height is 71 m (233 ft) with the reservoir covering area 70 hectares and a depth of36.3 m giving a volume of 2,200 million gallons. The reservoir is fed almost exclusively from the Angram dam.

Gouthwaite Reservoir
Gouthwaite reservoir is designated a Site for Special Scientific Interest. It provides a compensation release for the river. It covers an area of 312 acre.

The Nidd can overflow the reservoirs, flooding the caves in the valley. In such cases the river overflows into the normally dry river bed past Lofthouse through to Gouthwaite Reservoir.

Geology
The head of the river is located on moorland and the river character is affected by the run-off levels from the three reservoirs. The upper valley is primarily millstone grit with fluvioglacial deposits. The overlying soil is prone to water-logging due to its slow permeability, being composed of loamy soils on top of clay with peat on the top layer. Around Lofthouse there are outcrops of Upper Yoredale limestone, which is more permeable than millstone grit and has created the Nidderdale Caves, where the river flows underground.

Lower down on the flood plain, the nature of the underlying ground is Magnesian Limestone over alluvium and terrace drift deposits. On top of this is a combination of slowly permeable and well drained fine loam over clay.

Where the river passes through the Nidd Gorge, Carboniferous (Namurian) and Upper Permian rock is exposed.

Etymology
The etymology of the name remains unknown but the name is either Celtic or Pre-Celtic (as with most rivers in Western Europe). A derivation from Celtic meaning brilliant or shining has been suggested (as in Old Irish níamda), as has a link to the older Indo-European root *-nedi, simply meaning river.

The Nidd likely shares this etymology with the river and town of Neath (Welsh Nedd) in South Wales and the town of Stratton in Cornwall (originally named Strat-Neth), and with many other rivers across Europe, such as the Nete in Belgium, the Nied in France, the Nethe, Nidda and Nidder in Germany, and the Nida in Poland.

Leisure
Along the river valley can be found the Nidderdale Museum, which is located in Pateley Bridge, and features sections about the traditional agriculture, industries, religion, transport and costume of Nidderdale.

Lower down the river is the town of Knaresborough, which is home to Knaresborough Castle and Knaresborough Museum.

There are many way-marked walking routes throughout the river valley, including the Nidderdale Way, a 55-mile circular walk whose usual starting point is Ripley.

Above Angram Reservoir

 * Straight Dike
 * Craven Sike
 * Long Hill Sike
 * Crook Dike

Flowing into Angram Reservoir

 * Stone Beck
 * Maiden Gill Beck
 * Haw Gill Sike
 * Wising Gill Sike

Flowing into Scar House Reservoir

 * Wench Gill
 * Shaw Gill Sike
 * Stand Sike
 * Tops Gill
 * Scar House Gill

Between Scar House and Gouthwaite Reservoirs

 * Woo Gill
 * Thornet Gill
 * Maddering Gill
 * Turnacar Gill
 * Foggyshaw Gill
 * Rough Close Gill
 * Limley Gill
 * How Gill
 * How Stean Beck
 * Blayshaw Gill
 * Blackstone Gill
 * Boggle Dike
 * Ramsgill Beck
 * Lul Beck

Flowing into Gouthwaite Reservoir

 * Byerbeck Gill
 * Knott's Gill
 * Colt House Gill
 * Riddings Gill
 * Stubnooks Gill
 * Burn Gill

Below Gouthwaite Reservoir

 * Dauber Gill
 * Foster Beck
 * Rash Dike
 * Fosse Dike
 * Byril Beck
 * Fell Beck
 * Loftshaw Gill
 * Smelt Maria Dike
 * Clough Gill
 * Darley Beck
 * Fringill Dike
 * Old Mill Race
 * Tang Beck
 * Cockhill Beck
 * Ripley Beck/Old Nidd
 * Newton Beck
 * Oak Beck
 * Bilton Beck
 * Frogmire Dike
 * The Rampart
 * Gundrifs Beck
 * Crimple Beck/River Crimple
 * Broad Wath
 * Fleet Beck
 * Kirk Hammerton Beck
 * Pool Beck

Settlements

 * Lofthouse
 * Ramsgill
 * Wath
 * Pateley Bridge
 * Bewerley
 * Glasshouses
 * Low Laithe
 * New York


 * Summerbridge
 * Dacre Banks
 * Darley
 * Birstwith
 * Hampsthwaite
 * Clint
 * Killinghall
 * Knaresborough


 * Little Ribston
 * Walshford
 * Cowthorpe
 * Hunsingore
 * Cattal
 * Moor Monkton
 * Nun Monkton

Crossings

 * Angram Reservoir dam (private road)
 * Scar House Reservoir dam
 * Woodale Bridge (private road to Low and Middle Woodale)
 * Newhouses Bridge (unclassified road to Newhouses, Newhouses Edge and Summerstone Estate)
 * Thrope Farm road (private)
 * Unclassified road at Lofthouse
 * West House Farm road (private)
 * Nidd Bridge, Ramsgill
 * Wath Bridge, Wath
 * B6265 at Pateley Bridge
 * Unnamed road near Glasshouses (private)
 * Glasshouses Bridge, Glasshouses
 * B6451, Summer Bridge, Summerbridge
 * Ross Bridge (Toll), near Birstwith
 * New Bridge (packhorse bridge), near Birstwith
 * Wreaks Bridge, Birstwith


 * Hampsthwaite Bridge, Hampsthwaite
 * A61, near Killinghall
 * Killinghall Bridge, Killinghall
 * Nidd Viaduct (Nidderdale Greenway), Bilton
 * A59, High Bridge, Knaresborough
 * Knaresborough Viaduct (railway), Knaresborough
 * B6163, Low Bridge, Knaresborough
 * B6164, Grimbald Bridge, Knaresborough
 * A658, Knaresborough
 * Goldsbrough Mill Farm Road
 * A168, Walshford Bridge, Walshford
 * A1M near Walshford
 * Cattal Bridge, Cattal
 * Skip Bridge, York to Harrogate/Leeds Railway Line near Kirk Hammerton
 * A59, New Skip Bridge near Kirk Hammerton