Rolf Rendtorff

Rolf Rendtorff (1925–2014) was Professor of Old Testament at the University of Heidelberg from 1963 to 1990. He was one of the more significant German Old Testament scholars from the latter half of the twentieth-century and published extensively on various topics related to the Hebrew Bible. Rendtorff was especially notable for his contributions to the question of the origins of the Pentateuch, his adoption of a "canonical approach" to Old Testament theology, and his concerns over the relationship between Jews and Christians.

Biography
Rendtorff was born in Preetz, Holstein, Germany on 10 May 1925. After serving in the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) during World War II, he studied theology from 1945 to 1950 at the universities of Kiel, Göttingen and Heidelberg. He completed his doctoral studies under the supervision of Gerhard von Rad in 1950, then returned to Göttingen to finish a habilitation under Walther Zimmerli in 1953. Rendtorff’s first academic post was as professor of Old Testament at the Berlin Church University (Kirchliche Hochschule Berlin) from 1958–1963, where he later served as rector during the 1962–1963 school year. In 1963, he was appointed to a chair at the University of Heidelberg, working in the Old Testament department alongside Gerhard von Rad and Claus Westermann. He filled this post for twenty-seven years until his retirement in 1990, serving in several administrative positions over this time, including dean of the theological faculty during 1964–1965 and university rector from 1970–1972. Rendtorff died on 1 April 2014.

Major Contributions
Rendtorff published many works on Old Testament subjects, but one of the most notable was his 1977 book, Das überlieferungsgeschichtliche Problem des Pentateuch (translated into English in 1990 as The Problem of the Transmission of the Pentateuch). The book was a study of the question of Pentateuchal origins (the question of how the first five books of the bible – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Book of Numbers and Deuteronomy – came to be written), and appeared at the same time as two other important books, John Van Seters's Abraham in History and Tradition (1975), and Hans Heinrich Schmid's Der sogenannte Jahwist (The So-called Yahwist) (1976). The three studies, published almost at the same time, inaugurated a heated discussion in scholarly circles on the validity of the then-dominant consensus on Pentateuchal origins, the Documentary Hypothesis. Rendtorff's work in particular has been described as "certainly one of the most important contributions to Old Testament scholarship in the twentieth century."