Rowing at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's single sculls

The women's single sculls rowing competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin, Moscow, Soviet Union. The event was held from 21 to 26 July.

Heats
The two fastest teams in each heat advanced to the semifinals. The remaining teams had to compete in repechage for the remaining spots in the semifinals.

Repechage
The three fastest teams in the repechage advanced to the semifinals.

Semifinals
The three fastest teams in each semifinal advanced to the final.