Russo-Serbian Alliance (1807)

The Russo-Serbian Alliance (Руско-српски савез / Rusko-srpski savez, Русско-сербский союз) was signed on 10 July 1807 between Revolutionary Serbia under Đorđe Petrović (Karađorđe) and the Russian Empire, during the First Serbian Uprising. After the Ottoman Empire had allied itself with Napoleon's France in late 1806, and was subsequently at war with Russia and Britain, it sought to meet the demands of the Serbian rebels. At the same time, the Russians offered the Serbs aid and cooperation. The Serbs chose alliance with the Russians over autonomy under the Ottomans (as set by the "Ičko's Peace"). Karađorđe was to receive arms, and military and medical missions, which proved to be a turning point in the Serbian Revolution.

The Russians sought Serbian military protection to the Russian right flank, while the Serbs sought to establish a nation-state encompassing also Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the pashaliks of Vidin, Niš, Leskovac and Novi Pazar.