Ryongnamsan Television

Ryongnamsan Television (Korean: 룡남산텔레비죤) is a North Korean educational television channel operated by the University Student TV Department of the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee. The channel schedule includes science documentaries in English, television lectures and educational programs for learning foreign languages including in English, Russian and Chinese.

Operations
Ryongnamsan Television received its current name on September 5, 2012, with a logo reminiscent of the Kim Il Sung University logo and previously broadcast on Channel 9 from the Pyongyang TV Tower on a schedule operating from 19:00 to 22:00 on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and since 2019 has been broadcasting from 18:00 to 22:00 on every weekday. The channel is additionally available on the Manbang on-demand service. The director is assumed to be the Head of Editorial Desk Yang Chun Won who has been in the position since 2012.

History
The channel started off on April 1, 1971, initially known as "Kaesong Television" On October 10, 1991, the channel switched to color, becoming the last TV channel in the entire world to switch to color TV. In February 1997, the channel was rebranded as "Korean Educational and Cultural Network". During this period, authorities conducted experimental broadcasting and started broadcasting the channel from the television tower in Kaesong on Channel 8 in the NTSC-M format, as a way to promote North Korean culture among South Korean viewers, authorities chose this channel because South Korea's KBS1 and KBS2 were using Channel 7 and 9 but their channels were jammed by North Korean authorities, the broadcasts continued until December 31, 2012, when the analogue shutdown happened in South Korea.

Test Cards
Ryongnamsan Television has used 2 different types of test cards since its current inception in 2012. One being the 4:3 test card while the 16:9 HD test cards came into use around 2016 time.