Sacramento County, California

Sacramento County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,585,055. Its county seat is Sacramento, which has been the state capital of California since 1854.

Sacramento County is the central county of the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. The county covers about 994 sqmi in the northern portion of the Central Valley, on into Gold Country. Sacramento County extends from the low delta lands between the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River, including Suisun Bay, north to about 10 mi beyond the State Capitol and east into the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The southernmost portion of Sacramento County has direct access to San Francisco Bay. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained Sacramento County's water security.

History
Sacramento County was one of the original counties of California, which were created in 1850 at the time of statehood. The county was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento (Most Holy Sacrament), referring to the Catholic Eucharist.

Alexander Hamilton Willard, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, is buried in the old Franklin Cemetery.

Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 994 sqmi, of which 965 sqmi is land and 29 sqmi (3.0%) is water. Most of the county is at an elevation close to sea level, with some areas below sea level. The highest point in the county is Carpenter Hill at 828 ft, in the southeast part of Folsom. Major watercourses in the county include the American River, Sacramento River, Cosumnes River, a tributary of the Mokelumne River, and Dry Creek, a tributary of the Sacramento River.

Adjacent counties

 * Sutter County - northwest
 * Placer County - north
 * El Dorado County - northeast
 * Amador County - east
 * San Joaquin County - south
 * Contra Costa County - southwest
 * Solano County - west
 * Yolo County - west

National protected areas

 * Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
 * California National Historic Trail
 * Pony Express National Historic Trail

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Sacramento County had a population of 1,418,788. The racial makeup of Sacramento County was 815,151 (57.5%) White, 200,228 (15.4%) African American, 14,308 (1.0%) Native American, 203,211 (14.3%) Asian, 13,858 (1.0%) Pacific Islander, 131,691 (9.3%) from other races, and 93,511 (6.6%) from two or more races. There were 306,196 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (21.6%).

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,223,499 people, 453,602 households, and 297,562 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,267 PD/sqmi. There were 474,814 housing units at an average density of 492 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 64.0% White, 10.6% Black or African American, 1.09% Native American, 13.5% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 7.5% from other races, and 5.8% from two or more races. 19.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 10.2% were of German, 7.0% English, 6.7% Irish and 5.1% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 75.7% spoke only English at home; 10.0% spoke Spanish, 1.5% Hmong, 1.4% Chinese or Mandarin, 1.3% Vietnamese, 1.2% Tagalog and 1.2% Russian.

There were 453,602 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the county, 27.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.5% was from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 female residents aged 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $43,816, and the median income for a family was $50,717. Males had a median income of $39,482 versus $31,569 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,142. About 10.3% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Government of Sacramento County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Sacramento. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Sacramento County, while municipalities such as the city of Sacramento and Folsom provide additional, often non-essential services.

It is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices including the Sheriff, District Attorney, and Assessor, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Executive Officer. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with Sacramento County, such as the Sacramento County Superior Court.

Under its foundational Charter, the five-member elected Sacramento County Board of Supervisors (BOS) is the county legislature. The board operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity. The current members are:


 * Phil Serna, district 1
 * Patrick Kennedy, district 2
 * Rich Desmond, district 3
 * Sue Frost, district 4
 * Don Nottoli, district 5

The Sacramento County Code is the codified law of Sacramento County in the form of local ordinances passed by the Board of Supervisors.

Policing
The Sacramento County Sheriff provides court protection and jail management for the entire county. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. Incorporated municipalities within the county that have their own municipal police departments or contract with the Sacramento County sheriff for their policing are: Elk Grove, 170,000, municipal department; Citrus Heights, 88,000, municipal department; Folsom, 78,000, municipal department; Isleton, sheriff contract; Rancho Cordova, 73,000, sheriff contract; Galt, population 26,000, municipal department.

Overview
Sacramento County was politically competitive in most presidential elections between 1976 and 2004, but now votes significantly in favor of the Democratic candidates. Candidates from the Democratic Party have carried the county in the past eight presidential elections, and have won a majority of the county's votes four times during that time (in 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020). The city of Sacramento is strongly Democratic, while rural areas are strongly Republican; suburban areas are more divided. This pattern is also present in congressional and state legislative elections. The last Republican presidential candidate to win a majority in the county was George H. W. Bush in 1988.

In gubernatorial elections, Sacramento County is typically a bellwether, having voted for the winner every time since 1962 with the exception of 1970 and 2002.

In the House of Representatives, all of California's 6th congressional district and portions of its 3rd, and 7th districts are in the county.

In the State Assembly, all of the 7th and 8th districts and parts of the 6th, 9th, and 11th districts are in the county.

In the State Senate, parts of the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 8th districts are in the county.

According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 22, 2012, Sacramento County has 698,899 registered voters, out of 944,243 eligible (74%). Of those, 306,960 (44%) are registered Democrats, 225,688 (32%) are registered Republicans, and 134,677 (19%) have declined to state a political party.

Crime
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Colleges and universities

 * Public universities
 * California State University Sacramento
 * UC Davis Extension
 * UC Davis School of Medicine
 * UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing


 * Community colleges
 * Los Rios Community College District
 * American River College
 * Cosumnes River College
 * Folsom Lake College
 * Sacramento City College
 * Sierra College


 * Private, not for profit
 * University of the Pacific in Sacramento
 * National University Sacramento Regional Campus
 * University of San Francisco Regional Campus
 * University of Southern California Extension
 * Western Seminary
 * Epic Bible College


 * Private, for profit
 * Alliant International University
 * California Northstate University College of Pharmacy
 * Chamberlain University Rancho Cordova
 * DeVry University
 * Lincoln Law School of Sacramento
 * MTI College
 * Professional School of Psychology
 * San Joaquin Valley College
 * The Art Institute of California – Sacramento, a branch of The Art Institute of California - Los Angeles
 * Universal Technical Institute
 * University of Phoenix Sacramento Valley

K-12 education
School districts include:

K-12:


 * Center Joint Unified School District
 * Elk Grove Unified School District
 * Folsom-Cordova Unified School District
 * Natomas Unified School District
 * River Delta Joint Unified School District
 * Sacramento City Unified School District
 * San Juan Unified School District
 * Twin Rivers Unified School District - Includes some areas for grades K-12, some for 7-12 only, and some for 9-12 only

Secondary:
 * Galt Joint Union High School District
 * Roseville Joint Union High School District

Elementary:


 * Arcohe Union Elementary School District
 * Dry Creek Joint Elementary School District
 * Elverta Joint Elementary School District
 * Galt Joint Union Elementary School District
 * Robla Elementary School District

Public Transportation
Sacramento Regional Transit District, also known as Sacramento RT, provides public transit throughout the county. It operates bus services, as well as light rail services on the Blue, Green, and Gold lines. In addition, the Yolobus provides Sacramento County with service connecting to destinations in neighboring Yolo County, such as Davis. Sacramento RT and Yolobus both provide bus services connecting Sacramento with Sacramento International Airport.

Amtrak and its Amtrak California subsidiary operate passenger rail service from the Sacramento Valley station. This station is served by the Coast Starlight, the California Zephyr, the Capitol Corridor, and the San Joaquins, which link the region with destinations across California and the United States.

Airports
Sacramento International Airport is a major, full-service airport with passenger flights. It is owned by the County of Sacramento. The county also owns Sacramento Mather Airport in Rancho Cordova and Sacramento Executive Airport, both of which are general aviation airports. Sacramento McClellan Airport, formerly McClellan Air Force Base, is a privately owned airport between North Highlands and Rio Linda. There are also privately owned public use airports located in Elk Grove and Rio Linda.

Public roadways
The Sacramento County Department of Transportation (SACDOT) maintains approximately 2200 miles of roadway within the unincorporated area. The roads range from six lane thoroughfares to rural roads.

Cities

 * Citrus Heights
 * Elk Grove
 * Folsom
 * Galt
 * Isleton
 * Rancho Cordova
 * Sacramento (county seat)

Census-designated places

 * Antelope
 * Arden-Arcade
 * Carmichael
 * Clay
 * Courtland
 * Elverta
 * Fair Oaks
 * Florin
 * Foothill Farms
 * Franklin
 * Freeport
 * Fruitridge Pocket
 * Gold River
 * Herald
 * Hood
 * La Riviera
 * Lemon Hill
 * Mather
 * McClellan Park
 * North Highlands
 * Orangevale
 * Parkway
 * Rancho Murieta
 * Rio Linda
 * Rosemont
 * Vineyard
 * Walnut Grove
 * Wilton

Unincorporated community

 * Locke

Former townships
In February 1851, the county was divided into eight civil townships: the seven marked by asterisks below, plus Sacramento township. In July of that year, American township was divided off from Sacramento township. In 1856, the Board of Supervisors realigned the divisions into the 14 civil townships below, plus the city of Sacramento.


 * Alabama
 * American
 * Brighton*
 * Center*
 * Cosumnes*
 * Dry Creek
 * Franklin
 * Georgiana
 * Granite
 * Lee
 * Mississippi*
 * Natoma*
 * San Joaquin*
 * Sutter*

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Sacramento County.

† county seat