Samuel Robertson (Medal of Honor)

Samuel Robertson (1 May 1843 - 18 June 1862) was a private in the United States Army who was awarded the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the American Civil War. Robertson was the first American soldier posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor; he was awarded the medal in September 1863 for actions performed behind Confederate lines near Big Shanty, Georgia, in April 1862.

Personal life
Robertson was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, on 1 May 1843. He was hanged as an enemy spy in Atlanta, Georgia on 18 June 1862.

Military service
Robertson enlisted in the Army on 1 September 1861 at Bourneville, Ohio and was mustered into the 33rd Ohio Infantry. On 12 April 1862, a group of 22 men including Robertson from the 2nd, 21st, and 33rd Ohio Infantry, who had penetrated more than 200 miles into Confederate territory, successfully raided a train in Big Shanty, Georgia. This action was later known interchangeably as the Mitchel Raid (after General Ormsby M. Mitchell), the Andrews' Raid, and the Great Locomotive Chase.

Robertson was eventually captured and sentenced to death by hanging, and was executed for espionage on 18 June 1862.

Robertson's Medal of Honor citation reads: "The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pride in presenting the Medal of Honor (Posthumously) to Private Samuel Robertson, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on April, 1862, while serving with Company G, 21st Ohio Infantry, in action during the Andrew's Raid [sic] in Georgia. Private Robertson was one of the 19 of 22 men (including two civilians) who by direction of General Mitchell (or Buell) penetrated nearly 200 miles south into enemy territory and captured a railroad train at Big Shanty, Georgia, in an attempt to destroy the bridges and tracks between Chattanooga and Atlanta." Robertson's medal is attributed to Ohio.