Sendai Subway 1000 series

The Sendai Subway 1000N series (仙台市交通局1000N系電車) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Sendai, Japan.

The 1000 series was the world's first train type to use fuzzy logic to control its speed, and this system developed by Hitachi accounts for the relative smoothness of the starts and stops when compared to other trains, and is 10% more energy efficient than human-controlled acceleration. It was the recipient of the 28th Laurel Prize award presented by the Japan Railfan Club.

Formation
Sets are formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tomizawa end.

History
First entering service in 1987, the fleet of 21 sets was constructed between 1985 and 1996.

Refurbishment
From 2003 until 2013, the 1000 series trains underwent mid-life refurbishment to extend their lifespan. Refurbished sets are renamed 1000N series, with the first such set returning to service in March 2004.

The refurbished trains include the following features.
 * LED destination indicators at the train ends
 * Space for wheelchairs
 * Air-conditioning
 * LED destination indicators inside trains

Replacement
The 1000N series sets are scheduled to be replaced with new 3000 series trains from 2024.