Severe weather terminology (Japan)

This article describes the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) severe weather terminology. The JMA defines precise meanings for nearly all its weather terms as the Information for Severe Weather Preparation (防災気象情報). This article describes JMA terminology and related JMA weather scales. Some terms may be specific to certain regions.

Warning Categories
Severe weather bulletins are issued as an advisory or a warning, depending on the risk or severity of the event. Less severe events that could be a cause for concern will be issued as a bulletin or an advisory.


 * Advisories (注意報)
 * Warnings (警報)
 * Emergency Warnings (特別警報)
 * Bulletins (気象情報): provide information to supplement warnings and advisories.

Meteorological Warnings
Weather advisories and warnings are issued when potentially hazardous weather is occurring or is forecast for the short-term period.

General Warnings
Due to its local-scale nature, an advisory is typically issued in advance for public forecast areas where conditions may be favorable for the development of severe weather. A warning is issued for areas where severe weather is imminent or occurring.

Advisories

 * Advisory for Gale and snow (風雪注意報)
 * Advisory for Gale (強風注意報)
 * Advisory for Heavy rain (大雨注意報)
 * Advisory for Heavy snow (大雪注意報)
 * Advisory for Dense fog (濃霧注意報)
 * Advisory for Thunderstorm (雷注意報)
 * Advisory for Dry air (乾燥注意報)
 * Advisory for Avalanche (なだれ注意報)
 * Advisory for Ice/snow accretion (着氷・着雪注意報)
 * Advisory for Frost (霜注意報)
 * Advisory for Low temperature (低温注意報)
 * Advisory for Snow melting (融雪注意報)
 * Advisory for Storm surge (高潮注意報)
 * Advisory for High waves (波浪注意報)
 * Advisory for Flood (洪水注意報)

Warnings

 * Warning for Storm (暴風警報)
 * Warning for Snow-storm (暴風雪警報)
 * Warning for Heavy rain (大雨警報)
 * Warning for Heavy snow (大雪警報)
 * Warning for Storm surge (高潮警報)
 * Warning for High waves (波浪警報)
 * Warning for Flood (洪水警報)

Marine Warnings

 * Warning for Near Gale (海上風警報)
 * Warning for Gale (海上強風警報)
 * Warning for Storm (海上暴風警報)
 * Warning for Typhoon (海上台風警報)
 * Warning for Dense Fog (海上濃霧警報)
 * Warning for Icing (海上着氷警報)
 * Warning for Sea Swell (海上うねり警報)

Typhoons or Tropical Depressions

 * Typhoon Information (台風情報)

Flood Forecasting

 * Flood Forecasting (洪水予報)

Earthquake Information

 * Earthquake Information (地震情報)
 * Seismic Intensity Information (震度速報)
 * Earthquake Information (震源に関する情報)
 * Earthquake and Seismic Intensity Information (震源・震度に関する情報)
 * Information on seismic intensity at each site (各地の震度に関する情報)
 * Distant Earthquake Information (遠地地震に関する情報)

Earthquake Early Warning

 * Earthquake Early Warning (緊急地震速報)

Tsunami Warnings

 * Tsunami Information (津波情報)
 * Tsunami Forecast (津波予報)
 * Tsunami Advisory (津波注意報)
 * Tsunami Warning (津波警報)

Volcano Information

 * Volcano Information (火山情報)
 * Volcanic Forecast (噴火予報)
 * Volcanic Warning (噴火警報)