Ski to Sea Race

The Ski to Sea Race (S2S), widely known as the Ski to Sea, is a seven-legged, 93 mi long, multi-event competition held on the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend in Whatcom County. The race starts on the ski slopes of Mount Baker Ski Area, and ends at Marine Park in Fairhaven, on the shore of Bellingham Bay. The seven legs of the race are: cross-country skiing, downhill skiing or snowboarding, running, road biking, canoeing, cyclo-cross biking, and finally kayaking. The Ski to Sea Race is managed by Whatcom Events, with a race committee that includes a race director, an operations assistant, one or two chairmen to oversee each event, a volunteer coordinator along with nearly 900 volunteers.

History
The Ski to Sea has its origins in the Mount Baker Marathons of 1911–1913. The early races ran from the city of Bellingham to the top of Mount Baker and back. Racers could pick between two routes to Mt. Baker, the Glacier trail or the Deming route. If choosing Glacier, a special train transported racers to that location. If choosing Deming, racers would drive to Heisler's ranch. Once at either of these two destinations, racers continued on to the Mt. Baker summit by foot. The event was canceled after a runner fell into a crevasse. The Ski to Sea would be a toned-down version of those races where people race from the ski slopes of Mount Baker to Bellingham Bay.

The race was first proposed in a letter written in 1966 from Bob Stephens, Fred Elsethagen, and Franz Gabl to Bill Herb, the president of the Bellingham Chamber of Commerce. The name of the race came from the Bellingham slogan of "Sea to Ski in Sixty Minutes", referring to the proximity of Mount Baker's ski slopes to Bellingham, which sits on a bay of the Strait of Georgia.

The first official Ski to Sea race premiered 1973 as a side event to "Blossom Time". The first race had 177 people racing in a total of fifty teams. During the first four years, the legs of the race were run separately, and their times added up to produce a total team time; this left racers and spectators waiting several hours after the race concluded to find out who had won. Since 1977 the race has been a continuous event, with the exception of 2008 when the canoe leg was cancelled because of unsafe river conditions.

By 1977, the Ski to Sea Race had become so popular that the entire Blossom Time festival was renamed Blossom Time Ski to Sea. Six years later, "Blossom Time" was removed and the event became known simply as the Ski to Sea. Even the parade was renamed the Ski to Sea Parade. Today the Ski to Sea is considered an entire weekend-long event that is centered on the race. More than 300 teams with over two thousand racers participate in the race. Tens of thousands of spectators gather along the sidelines to watch and participate in events throughout Bellingham, Ferndale and Fairhaven near the finish line at Marine Park.

Legs
The original letter written by Fred Elsethagen recommended nine events: skiing, mountaineering, canoeing, kayaking, horseback riding, water skiing, running, fishing boat and sailboat. Over the years all but four (mountaineering, horse back riding, fishing boat, waterskiing) of these events have been used, and only one not recommended (bicycling) has been added.

When the Ski to Sea debuted in 1973, the race covered 35 mi in three legs: downhill skiing, bicycling, and canoeing or kayaking the Nooksack River. Over the next twenty years, the Ski to Sea would grow to seven legs covering 94 mi. It has also become a continuous event, with a token (wrist-band or timing chip) passed from one teammate to the other at the end of each leg. Though the race has always kept the various legs in the same order, over the years most legs had been modified in one form or another. Some legs have changed the methods used to complete them, and most have adjusted their lengths on at least one occasion. The bicycling leg has changed length a total of nine times with the shortest distance being 20 mi and the longest being 42 mi.

In 2015, low snowpack forced the replacement of the ski legs with new alpine running and mountain biking legs, for a total of two running and three cycling legs. The new running leg was added at the beginning of the race, before the established road running leg, and the new mountain bike leg was added at the end, after the kayak leg. The standard format was returned to the following year.

Cross country skiing
Cross country skiing, added in 1979, kicks off the Race. This leg consists of two figure-eight loops, beginning and ending at the upper Mount Baker Ski area. It has been extended from one mile in the first three years to four and a half miles at present.

Downhill skiing/snowboarding
Downhill skiing is one of the original components of the race. Skiers hike uphill approximately 800 feet and then ski back to near their starting point.

Running
Added in 1975, the third stage of the race is an eight-mile (13 km) foot race down the Mount Baker Highway, from the upper Mount Baker ski area to the Shuksan Department of Transportation station. The runners drop over two thousand feet in elevation. To further the difficulties, the racers are running on hard asphalt. The running leg has been the most unchanged of the events. The first two years' running leg was five miles (8 km) long. The third year running was seven miles (11 km). The fourth year, in 1979, the running leg was extended to eight miles (13 km) and has remained unchanged since that time.

Bicycling
Bicycling, the longest leg of the race, was one of the original components of the 1973 event. The bicycle leg passes through the towns of Glacier and Maple Falls, and leaves the Mount Baker Highway for Silver Lake Road. The bicycle leg finishes on the banks of the Nooksack River in the town of Everson, where the canoe leg picks up. The bicycling leg has changed distance on eight different occasions. It debuted at 22 mi, and would later grow to a maximum distance of 42 mi. Since 1987 the bicycling leg has been 36 mi long. In 2010, the distance will again be 42 mi as the bikes go north from Maple Falls on Silver Lake Road.

Canoeing
Canoeing was one of the original events from the 1973 race. The canoe leg is the second longest, and covers 18 mi. When first introduced in 1973, this leg allowed both two-man canoes and one-man kayaks. After sea kayaks were made the only mode of transportation for the final leg of the race, they were eliminated as an option for the Nooksack River leg of the race. This leg of the race is the only leg with two racer and starts in Everson and ends at Hovander Park in Ferndale.

The canoe leg was canceled in 2008 (and almost canceled in 1997) because of the unsafe level of the Nooksack River. This is the only leg to have ever been canceled, not counting the 2020 cancellation of the entire race due to COVID-19.

This is possibly the most dangerous part of the race. Though no one has ever been killed in the 37 years of the Ski to Sea, Lorri Rasmussen of Bellingham was killed in 2002 while training for the race. Her canoe tipped and she was swept up in a log jam.

Cyclocross biking
Added in 1990, the Cyclocross bike leg stretches from the banks of the Nooksack river in Hovander Park to Squalicum Harbor on Bellingham Bay.

The course was updated in 2011 to be approximately 14 mi long and now includes a pre-ride on the Saturday before the race.

Kayaking Bellingham Bay
The Bellingham Bay leg was added in 1980, and it was made exclusively a kayaking event in 1992. The final leg of the event that stretched across Bellingham Bay was added to tie in the Ski to Sea name and to add a more exciting finish to the race. Originally this leg used Hobie cats, though sailboats were allowed in 1981. In 1990 the choice of sailboats or sea kayaks was added for this leg of the Ski to Sea Race. Two years later, the leg was restricted to kayaks, because wind to move sailboats is unreliable on Bellingham Bay. Today, kayakers paddle across Bellingham Bay from Squalicum Harbor on the north side of Bellingham to Marine Park in Fairhaven on the south side of Bellingham, then beach their kayaks and run across land to ring a bell at the finish line.

The baton
The first several races used an actual baton. Later, necklace medallions were added and racers had to place the medallion over around the neck of their teammate as they tagged off to the next event. For many years, a sweatband, worn on the wrist, took the place of the medallion. Racers would pass the sweatband to their teammate racing the next leg at the transition points. In recent years, the race has used transponder timing and teams have carried an electronic timing chip attached to a lanyard. The chip is swiped at the start of the race and is carried by the lanyard that is traded off from one teammate to the other at the exchange of each leg. At the transition point for each leg of the race, the chip is swiped again to register the end time of the previous leg, and the start of the next. The chip has to be swiped at the end of the race by the kayaker after ringing the ceremonial bell. For the 2011 edition of the race, the chip was mounted to a neoprene wristband instead of a lanyard. From 2012, the race has returned to chips on the wristbands.

Divisions
Although everyone races in the same Ski to Sea Race, teams register in seven divisions: Corporate, Veterans, High School, Whatcom County, Car Free, Masters, and Family. These divisions are spread across Competitive and Recreational classes, with additional sub-divisions of "Open" (three or fewer females), "Mixed" (four or more females), and "Female" (women only). Typically almost half of the teams register in the Recreational divisions, and about a quarter in the Competitive divisions. Since the divisions were established almost every winning team has come from the Competitive divisions, with winning teams from 1987 and 2016 coming from the Whatcom County division.

In the past, when different types of boats were allowed in the water events, further subdivisions existed accordingly.

2020 and 2021 Cancellations
On March 23, 2020, the organization responsible for organizing the Ski to Sea race announced that the race scheduled for May 24, 2020, would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 outbreak. On February 16, 2021, the organizers cancelled the 2021 race due to ongoing pandemic concerns. These were the only years that the race was cancelled since its inception in 1973.