Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, August 21, 1914, with a magnitude of 1.0328. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The totality of this eclipse was visible from northern Canada, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Russian Empire (the parts now belonging to Åland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, including cities of Riga, Minsk, Kiev and northeastern part of Vilnius), Ottoman Empire (the parts now belonging to Turkey, northeastern tip of Syria and northern Iraq), Persia and British Raj (the parts now belonging to Pakistan and western tip of India). It was the first of four total solar eclipses that would be seen from Sweden during the next 40 years. This total solar eclipse occurred in the same calendar date as 2017, but at the opposite node. The moon was just 2.7 days before perigee, making it fairly large.

Several astronomers were setting up to observe the eclipse, in part as an attempt to confirm Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. However, due to the onset of World War I as well as cloud cover, these experiments were unsuccessful.

Observations
A number of observatories sent expeditions to Russia to observe the eclipse including those from Argentina, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and the United States. The expeditions led by Charles Dillon Perrine of the Argentine National Observatory, Erwin Finlay-Freundlich of the Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory, Germany, and William W. Campbell of the Lick Observatory, California, included in their programs the second attempt to verify the general relativity theory of Albert Einstein. (Perrine had made the first attempt at the 1912 solar eclipse in Brazil. ) However, World War I broke out and Freundlich and his equipment were interned in Russia, unable to carry out the necessary measurements. C. D. Perrine and W. W. Campbell, from neutral countries, Argentina and the United States, were permitted to continue with their plans, but clouds obscured the eclipse. Perrine was able to obtain one photograph of the eclipse but the thin cloud cover was enough to obscure star locations necessary to test Einstein's theory.

Eclipses in 1914

 * An annular solar eclipse on February 25, 1914.
 * A partial solar eclipse on March 12, 1914.
 * A total solar eclipse on August 21, 1914.
 * A partial lunar eclipse on September 4, 1914.

Metonic

 * Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 2, 1910
 * Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918

Tzolkinex

 * Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 10, 1907
 * Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 1, 1921

Half-Saros

 * Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 15, 1905
 * Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 26, 1923

Tritos

 * Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1903
 * Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 20, 1925

Solar Saros 124

 * Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 9, 1896
 * Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 31, 1932

Inex

 * Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885
 * Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 1, 1943

Triad

 * Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 20, 1827
 * Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 21, 2001