Space Camp (United States)

Space Camp is an educational camp in Huntsville, Alabama, on the grounds of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center (USSRC) museum near NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. It provides residential and educational programs for children and adults on topics such as space exploration, aviation, and robotics. It is run by the Alabama Space Science Exhibit Commission.

History
Space Camp was founded in 1982 by USSRC Executive Director Edward O. Buckbee as an educational camp to promote mathematics and science to children using the U.S. space program as a basis. The idea for the camp was proposed by Wernher von Braun in 1977 while touring the USSRC, where he noticed a group of students taking notes on what they were learning.

U.S. Space & Rocket Center Education Foundation
The U.S. Space & Rocket Center and the camp in Huntsville are operated by the Alabama Space Science Exhibit Commission, a state agency whose members are appointed by the Governor of Alabama.

The U.S. Space & Rocket Center Foundation is a non-profit, separate entity and its board members are not appointed by the governor. It is responsible for scholarship, fund-raising, and the licensing of camps outside the United States. There are a number of internationally licensed Space Camps, including Space Camp Turkey, Space Camp Canada (Camp Spatial), and Space Camp Belgium.

Space Camp Florida
Space Camp Florida was established in 1988 and shared facilities with the Astronaut Hall of Fame in Titusville, Florida, both of which were operated by the now-defunct U.S. Space Camp Foundation. The Space Camp facility in Florida closed in 2002 due to low attendance, leading to financial difficulties. About 50,000 students attended the camp during its run, but in its final year, as few as 14 participants filled 276 slots. The Astronaut Hall of Fame was sold to the Delaware North corporation and remained open until 2015 as an added attraction to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, with several simulators previously used by the camp available to all visitors. , the building was being used by Lockheed Martin to support work on the NASA Orion crew capsule.

Space Camp California
Space Camp California was operated by the now-defunct U.S. Space Camp Foundation at Mountain View, California from 1996 to 2002, when it closed due to financial difficulties.

Space Camp Hall of Fame
The Space Camp Hall of Fame was inaugurated in 2007 during the 25th-anniversary celebrations. The hall was established to honor graduates and former employees, praising their contributions and personal time spent at the place.

Programs
Space Camp is a six-day program offered for children between 9 and 11 years old. Children enrolling in Space Camp can choose from one of three "tracks" of activities and study: space, aviation, and robotics. Space Camp was the first of the camp programs offered, and is used as the umbrella organization name.

Space Academy is a program intended for ages 12–14, offered in six-day sessions.

Advanced Space Academy is designed for 15 to 18-year-olds. The program was originally known as Space Academy Level II and was started in the Fall of 1987. In 1987, the Space Academy Level II program was college accredited (1 hour) through the University of Alabama Huntsville. It also offered programs for adults as the first class to go through Level II were adults. The Family Camp program allows parents or guardians to attend Space Camp with their child aged 7–12 years. The program is run throughout the year, lasts three to four days, and includes activities in which the adult and child work together. Family Camp also has an Aviation Challenge option, designed for children and their accompanying adults, offered during the summer months.

Advanced Space Academy Elite is offered to graduates of the Advanced Space Academy program and has several exclusive features, such as scuba diving. Additionally, Space Camp has previously offered a twelve-day Advanced Space Academy program that includes features such as multiple missions, scuba diving, use of some of the Aviation Challenge facilities, and a twenty-four-hour extended duration mission.

Other programs
Other programs include corporate programs, programs for adults and educators, educational field-trips for school groups, and the X-Camp outdoor leadership camp. There were also special alumni sessions during the summer of the 25th anniversary.

Occasionally themed camps have been offered, usually in conjunction with museum exhibits. During the summer of 2010, a Jedi Experience camp was offered in connection with the traveling museum exhibit Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination.



Aviation Challenge
The Aviation Challenge (AC) is a set of aviation-oriented programs at the camp, consisting of three main programs for children from ages 9–18. As aviation-oriented camps, the fundamental teaching aids are computer-based flight simulators, which are intended to train attendees to fly, act, and think like fighter pilots of the U.S. Air Force, Navy or Marine Corps.

Simulators
There are several simulators at Space Camp, such as:


 * The Multi-Axis Trainer (MAT) simulates disorientation, similar to the Multiple Axis Space Test Inertia Facility (MASTIF) developed for Project Mercury
 * The 1/6 Chair simulates walking on the Moon
 * The 5DF Chair simulates the frictionless environment of outer space in five degrees of freedom
 * The Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) simulates working untethered in a frictionless environment, such as during extravehicular activity (also known as an EVA or spacewalk).

Space Camp additionally uses rides or attractions that are on site at the USSRC as instructional tools. The Space Shot simulates liftoff, and the G-Force Accelerator simulates the G-forces put on astronauts while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere or during launch.

The Intuitive Planetarium provides a venue for presenting space and science-oriented shows produced through a Digistar 7 system and 5 Christie laser projectors. The planetarium is part of the center's museum complex. In February 2019, the Intuitive Planetarium replaced the Spacedome IMAX theater, which had operated at the Center since 1982.

Accommodation
If a Space Camp program extends beyond a single day, participants are accommodated at either Habitat 1 or Habitat 2. These habitats are facilities that house both the trainers and trainees. These are mainly used by the Space Academy campers.

Aviation Challenge trainees stay in Habitat 3 where they are required to maintain military standards to their bays and racks.

Both habitats are segregated between male and female campers, usually being the males on the first floor and the females being on the second.