St. Andrew's Episcopal Church (Albany, New York)

St. Andrew's Episcopal Church is located at North Main and Madison (U.S. Route 20) avenues in Albany, New York, United States. It is a complex of three buildings, centered on the church itself, a stone structure designed by architect Norman Sturgis in the Late Gothic Revival architectural style and built in 1930. In 2005 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The congregation was established by a downtown church, St. Paul's, from a neighborhood mission near the end of the 19th century. It was one of the first churches started in the suburban areas of the city, as it expanded away from its historic core. St. Andrew's soon built its own church (since demolished to make room for the current attached parish house) and established itself as a separate parish.

Sturgis' structure was meant to embody the ideals of his mentor, Ralph Adams Cram, which valued the English Gothic styles as ideal for Episcopal and Anglican worship since such buildings were where it had originally been practiced. Accordingly, it is modeled in part on St. Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire, England, and a Roman brick from that location was placed in the hyphen between the church and the parish hall. But it is not an exact copy, and Sturgis himself described it as "an attempt to express fundamental truths in a new way to tell an old, old story in new words". It is considered one of the best examples of the 20th-century Late Gothic Revival style in Albany.

Building
The church occupies the western half of the block of North Main between Madison on the south and Western Avenue on the north, two blocks east of where those streets split, in the Pine Hills neighborhood. The College of St. Rose is immediately to the east, with the surrounding buildings on all sides either large institutional buildings or apartments or single-family houses. The terrain is generally level.

Three buildings comprise the church complex. The largest is the combined church–parish house, with the latter joined to the former at a corner. In the eastern corner of the lot is the rectory, also a contributing resource to the National Register listing. A small garage, which was considered too modern to contribute to the listing, was torn down in 2011. A parking lot is in the southeast corner of the property, and a small grove of mature shade trees on the southwest.

The church is built of brown granite with limestone trim. It has three parts: a two-story main block with gabled roof, wings on either side with shed roofs, and a one-story projecting entrance pavilion on the south (front) facade. A wide square bell tower rises to three stories from the rear; it has gabled pavilions on the east and west as well.

Exterior decoration is minimal. The double-doored main entrance, on the south pavilion, is located within a deeply recessed lancet arch with a molded head flanked by piers topped with cusped niches. It is flanked by two metal lantern-style lights. Above it is a parapet in the pavilion's flat roof. Two large buttresses rise from either side, framing the large lancet-arched window in the gable field. A stone cross is at the apex. The main roof and the gables on the bell tower are tiled; the shed roofs are metallic.

Paneled wooden doors open into an anteroom, from which another set, flanked by single wooden doors that correspond to the side aisles, lead to the sanctuary. The high and narrow nave has an arcade; the chancel is even narrower. Flooring is wood beneath the pews and stone elsewhere. All interior furnishings are of white oak. Windows are set with stained glass. The ceiling is framed in Douglas fir, solid except for the trusses, made of curved and straight members bolted together. Half-timbers form a crossing pattern on the ceiling. There are 32 stained glass windows.

A columbarium is located on the east wall, with a baptismal font on the west. The east wing of the chancel serves as a small chapel. In the hyphen beneath the bell tower, connecting the church and parish house, there is a Roman brick from the site of St. Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire, England.

The parish hall is a two-story structure faced in light brick. On its first floor is a large meeting hall, bathrooms, the rector's office and a cloakroom. The second floor has classrooms for Sunday school. In the basement is a smaller meeting room, more classrooms, and the heating plant for the building.

To the northeast of the church and parish hall is the rectory. It is a two-and-a-half-story timber frame house in the Colonial Revival style, topped by a hipped roof with central gable. Along its north (front) facade, facing Western Avenue, is a full-length porch. The Rectory is currently empty.

History
William Croswell Doane, elected the first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany upon its 1868 creation, saw the potential for growth of the church in places it had not previously been. Encouraged by that, in 1892 St. Paul's Church on Lancaster Street established the St. Andrew's Chapel in an old bank building on Madison Street, at the end of a trolley line in an area where the city was beginning to expand west from the core downtown areas where it had flourished since being settled by the Dutch in the 17th century. It was soon moved to the former School No. 4 building on Ontario Street.

Two years later, that space had been outgrown. A new chapel was built for $10,000 ($0 in modern dollars ) in 1897 on Western Avenue near North Main, the same space occupied by the rectory today. Two years later, in 1899, the chapel petitioned the diocese to separate itself from its parent church, since its congregation was increasingly composed of residents of the area who had no historical connection to the founding church. It was granted later that year and St. Andrew's became its own parish, after agreeing to assume some of the financial obligations that had previously been St. Paul's.

Growth continued. The chancel of the new church was enlarged in 1901. It was still not large enough to handle the expanding congregation. In the late 1910s, the parish began planning for a new building. It bought the land south of the church in 1920 and began a fundraising campaign. Eventually it was able to accumulate enough money and on St. Andrew's Day, November 30, 1930, the cornerstone was laid. It was completed in time for dedication ceremonies the following Easter, at a cost of $250,000 ($ in modern dollars).

Architect Norman Sturgis designed the church to reflect the values of his mentor, Ralph Adams Cram, for whom he had worked as a draftsman after graduating from Harvard University's School of Architecture in 1913. Cram's own Episcopal churches had hewed closely to the Gothic designs of historic churches in England, which he deemed the only proper mode for Episcopal buildings. But at the same time he believed that style should be interpreted in modern ways, and the buildings not be mere copies of English originals. This style, as interpreted by Cram and others, became known as Collegiate Gothic since many of its exponent buildings were located on college campuses. Upon its completion, Sturgis described St. Andrew's as "an attempt to express fundamental truths in a new way to tell an old, old story in new words." Its English model was the St. Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire. Many of the craftsmen hired to build the church were local to Albany as the church was trying to help ease the effects of the Great Depression, which had just begun.

Despite difficulties raised by World War II, the mortgage was finally paid off and burned in 1947. Bishop Ashton Oldham consecrated the church not long afterwards. With its status now secure, in the 1950s the church began improving its physical plant. In 1956 the original 1897 church, which had been serving as the parish house, was demolished to allow the construction of the attached building that presently serves the same purpose. Its architects used light brown brick to better blend with the church. A Roman brick from St. Albans Abbey in England, Sturgis' partial model for the church, would later be installed in the hyphen connecting the two. Some time afterwards, the 1900 house that served as the church's rectory was purchased.

Echoing its own beginnings and reflecting the further suburban development of the Albany area in the mid-20th century, St. Andrew's established the mission parish of St. Boniface in Guilderland, just outside the city, in 1961. Nine years later, in 1970, the church bought and installed a new organ. In 1979 a thrift shop, The Shop at St. Andrew's, was opened. The most recent change to the church has been the installation of the columbarium in 1992, for which some of the original pews were removed.

St. Andrew's has been historically known as one of the more progressive congregation in the diocese, especially on LGBTQ issues. During the tenure of William H. Love, one of the most conservative bishops in the Episcopal church, St. Andrew's was one of three parishes in the diocese of Albany that applied to receive pastoral oversight from comparatively more liberal bishops in neighboring dioceses because of tensions with Love.