Stanislaus County, California

Stanislaus County (Condado de Estanislao)  is a county located in the San Joaquin Valley of the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, its estimated population is 564,404. The county seat is Modesto.

Stanislaus County makes up the Modesto metropolitan statistical area. The county is located just east of the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as a bedroom community for those who work in the eastern part of the Bay Area.

History
The first European to see the area was Gabriel Moraga in 1806.

The county was named after the Estanislao River, which in turn was named in honor of Estanislao, a mission-educated renegade Native American chief who led a band of Native Americans in a series of battles against Mexican troops until finally being defeated by General Mariano Vallejo in 1826. Estanislao was his baptismal name, the Spanish name version after Saint Stanislaus the Martyr.

Between 1843 and 1846, when California was a province of independent Mexico, five Mexican land grants totaling 113135 acre were granted in Stanislaus County. Rancho Orestimba y Las Garzas, Rancho Pescadero and Rancho Del Puerto were located on the west side of the San Joaquin River, and Rancho Del Rio Estanislao and Rancho Thompson were on the north side of the Stanislaus River. Additionally in 1844, Salomon Pico received a Mexican land grant of 58000 acre in the San Joaquin Valley, somewhere near the Stanislaus River and the San Joaquin River in what is now Stanislaus County. However, the grant was never confirmed by the land commission.

Stanislaus County was formed from part of Tuolumne County in 1854. The county seat was first situated at Adamsville, then moved to Empire in November, La Grange in December, and Knights Ferry in 1862, and was ultimately fixed at the present location in Modesto in 1871.

As the price of housing has increased in the San Francisco Bay Area, many people who work in the southern reaches of the Bay Area have opted for the longer commute and moved to Stanislaus County for the relatively affordable housing.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1515 sqmi, of which 20 sqmi (1.3%) are covered by water.

Stanislaus County has historically been divided socially and economically by the north-flowing San Joaquin River, which provided a natural barrier to trade and travel for much of the county's history. Isolated from the main rail corridors through the county and the irrigation projects that generated much of the region's economic prosperity, the part of Stanislaus County west of the river (known to locals as the "West Side" of the county) has largely remained rural and economically dependent on agricultural activities. Because of its proximity to Interstate 5 and the California Aqueduct, some towns within this area, including Patterson and Newman, have experienced tremendous growth and are being transformed into bedroom communities for commuters from the nearby San Francisco Bay Area, while others (including Westley and Crows Landing) have been almost entirely overlooked by development and remain tiny farming communities.

Flora and fauna
A number or rare and endangered species are found in Stanislaus County. The beaked clarkia, (Clarkia rostrata), is listed as a candidate for the federal endangered species list. It has only been found in blue oak-gray pine associations in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, a habitat that occurs at moderately high elevations. Colusa grass, (Neostapfsia colusana) is listed as endangered by the state. It is restricted to vernal pools.

National protected area

 * San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Major highways

 * I-5 (CA).svg Interstate 5
 * California 4.svg State Route 4
 * California 33.svg State Route 33
 * California 99.svg State Route 99
 * California 108.svg State Route 108
 * California 120.svg State Route 120
 * California 132.svg State Route 132
 * California 165.svg State Route 165
 * California 219.svg State Route 219

Public transportation

 * Stanislaus Regional Transit Authority operates local bus service and paratransit in Modesto, regional service in Stanislaus County, and commuter service connecting to Bay Area Rapid Transit and Altamont Corridor Express.
 * The cities of Ceres, Oakdale, Riverbank, and Turlock run small local bus systems.
 * Both Greyhound and Amtrak have stops in Modesto and Turlock. Amtrak for Turlock actually stops in Denair.

Airports
Modesto City-County Airport has previously had a number of scheduled passenger flights. Currently, its main air traffic is general aviation. Other (general aviation) airports around the county include Oakdale Airport, Patterson Airport, and Turlock Airpark.

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2010 Census
The 2010 United States Census reported that Stanislaus County had a population of 514,453. The racial makeup of Stanislaus County was 337,342 (65.6%) White, 14,721 (2.9%) African American, 5,902 (1.1%) Native American, 26,090 (5.1%) Asian (1.5% Indian, 1.1% Filipino, 0.7% Cambodian, 0.5% Chinese, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.3% Laotian, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Cambodian), 3,401 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 99,210 (19.3%) from other races, and 27,787 (5.4%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 215,658 persons (41.9%); 37.6% of Stanislaus County is Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Salvadoran, 0.2% Nicaraguan, and 0.2% Guatemalan.

(Note - the US Census Bureau says "this system treats race and ethnicity as separate and independent categories. This means that within the federal system, everyone is classified as both a member of one of the four race groups and also as either Hispanic or non-Hispanic." Consequently, there are a total of 8 race-ethnicity categories (e.g., White-Hispanic, White-non-Hispanic, Black-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, etc.). That, in turn, means that the total Hispanic population is made up of each of the four groups, thus the separate distinction for Hispanic and non-Hispanic.)

2000
As of the census of 2000, 446,997 people, 145,146 households, and 109,585 families were residing in the county. The population density was 299 /mi2. The 150,807 housing units had an average density of 101 /mi2. The racial/ethnic makeup of the county was 69.3% White, 2.6% Black, 4.2% Asian, 1.3% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 16.8% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. About 31.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race; 8.4% were of German, 6.3% English, 6.0% American, 5.5% Irish, and 5.1% Portuguese ancestry according to Census 2000. About 67.8% spoke English, 23.7% Spanish, 1.5% Syriac, and 1.3% Portuguese as their first languages.

Of the 145,146 households, 41.2% had children under 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were not families. About 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.03, and the average family size was 3.47.

In the county, the age distribution was 31.1% under 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,101, and for a family was $44,703. Males had a median income of $36,969 versus $26,595 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,913. About 12.3% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under 18 and 8.8% of those 65 or over.

Metropolitan statistical area
The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Stanislaus County as the Modesto, CA metropolitan statistical area (MSA). The United States Census Bureau ranked the Modesto MSA as the 103rd-most populous MSA of the United States as of July 1, 2012.

The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Modesto MSA as a component of the more extensive San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA combined statistical area, the 5th-most populous combined statistical area in the United States.

Crime
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Government
The government of Stanislaus County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. The county government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition, the county serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.

The county government is composed of the elected five-member board of supervisors, several other elected offices including the sheriff-coroner, district attorney, tax assessor, auditor-controller, treasurer-tax collector, and clerk-recorder, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the chief executive officer. As of January 2021, the members of the Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors were:
 * Buck Condit, District 1
 * Vito Chiesa, District 2, chairman
 * Terry Withrow, District 3 vice chairman
 * Mani Grewal, District 4
 * Channce Condit, District 5

Sheriff
The Stanislaus County Sheriff provides court protection, jail administration, and coroner services for the entire county. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. The sheriff also provides law-enforcement services by contract to the municipalities of Riverbank, Patterson, Waterford, Salida, and Hughson. These municipalities fund police coverage as specified in the respective sheriff's contract with each city.

Municipal police
Municipal police departments in the county are: Modesto, population 213,000; Turlock, 73,000; Ceres, 46,000; Oakdale, 23,000; Newman 11,000.

Overview
Just like neighboring Merced County, Stanislaus is considered a bellwether county in presidential elections. The last major-party nominee to gain over 60% of the vote was Lyndon Johnson in 1964. Furthermore, in 1960, Stanislaus County was one of the most bellwether counties in terms of the popular vote, voting 0.02% more Democratic than the national average. It has voted for the winning candidate for president in every election since 1972 except in 2016 when it voted for Hillary Clinton instead of Donald Trump. In 2020, Joe Biden won the county in a slim victory returning the county to its status as bellwether county. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976, although Barack Obama won a plurality in 2008 and 2012, as did Bill Clinton in both 1992 and 1996, and as Joe Biden did in 2020.

In the United States House of Representatives, Stanislaus County is in.

In the California State Senate, Stanislaus is represented by:
 * the 4th Senate District, represented by Democrat Marie Alvarado-Gil.

In the California State Assembly, Stanislaus is split between the 22nd Assembly District, represented by Republican Juan Alanis, and the 9th Assembly District, represented by Republican Heath Flora.

Economy
Agriculture is Stanislaus County's number one industry, with almonds being the primary agricultural product.

Tertiary
The California State University, Stanislaus is a campus of the California State University located in Turlock.

The Yosemite Community College District covers a 4,500-sq-mi area and serves a population over 550,000, encompassing all of two counties (Stanislaus and Tuolumne) and parts of four others (Calaveras, Merced, San Joaquin, and Santa Clara). It is composed of two colleges: Modesto Junior College in Modesto and Columbia College in Sonora in Tuolumne County to the northeast.

Kaplan College has a campus in Modesto, ITT Technical Institute has campus in Lathrop in San Joaquin County to the northeast, and San Joaquin Valley College has campus in Modesto.

K-12 education
School districts include:

Unified:


 * Ceres Unified School District
 * Denair Unified School District
 * Hughson Unified School District - Serves some areas for PK-12 and some only for 9–12
 * Newman-Crows Landing Unified School District
 * Oakdale Joint Unified School District - Serves some areas for PK-12 and some only for 9–12
 * Patterson Joint Unified School District
 * Riverbank Unified School District
 * Turlock Unified School District - Serves some areas for PK-12 and some only for 9–12
 * Waterford Unified School District

Secondary:
 * Modesto City High School District

Elementary:


 * Chatom Union Elementary School District
 * Empire Union Elementary School District
 * Gratton Elementary School District
 * Hart-Ransom Union Elementary School District
 * Hickman Community Charter School District
 * Keyes Union Elementary School District
 * Knights Ferry Elementary School District
 * Modesto City Elementary School District
 * Paradise Elementary School District
 * Roberts Ferry Union Elementary School District
 * Salida Union Elementary School District
 * Shiloh Elementary School District
 * Stanislaus Union Elementary School District
 * Sylvan Union Elementary School District
 * Valley Home Joint Elementary School District

Media
Stanislaus County is in the Sacramento television market, thus receives Sacramento media.

The county also has media outlets that serve the local community:
 * The Modesto Press is the local online news site for Modesto and the surrounding areas of the Central Valley.
 * The Modesto Bee is a Modesto-based daily newspaper.

Incorporated cities

 * Ceres
 * Hughson
 * Modesto
 * Newman
 * Oakdale
 * Patterson
 * Riverbank
 * Turlock
 * Waterford

Census-designated places

 * Airport
 * Bret Harte
 * Bystrom
 * Cowan
 * Crows Landing
 * Del Rio
 * Denair
 * Diablo Grande
 * East Oakdale
 * Empire
 * Grayson
 * Hickman
 * Keyes
 * Knights Ferry
 * La Grange
 * Monterey Park Tract
 * Orange Blossom
 * Parklawn
 * Riverdale Park
 * Rouse
 * Salida
 * Shackelford (former)
 * Tuolumne
 * Valley Home
 * West Modesto
 * Westley

Other unincorporated communities

 * Hills Ferry
 * Langworth
 * McHenry
 * Montpelier
 * Mountain View
 * Oso
 * Roberts Ferry
 * Timba (or Orestimba)
 * Wood Colony


 * Eugene

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Stanislaus County.

† county seat