Subaru FA engine

The Subaru FA engine is a gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru and Toyota automobiles. It is a derivative of the FB engine, with efforts to reduce weight while maintaining durability as the main design goals. Although the FA and FB engines share a common platform, the FA shares very little in dedicated parts with the FB engine, with a different block, head, connecting rods, and pistons.

Development
The FA series engine was developed for the Subaru BRZ and the first FA engine, the FA20D, was designed to be mounted as low as possible and to minimize the polar moment of the chassis to improve dynamic response and handling. The FA engine features a shallower oil pan and shorter intake manifold to reduce overall engine height compared to the Subaru FB engine. The FA and FB engines share few parts.

A direct injection-only turbo variant of the FA20, the FA20F, was introduced in late 2012 with the 2012 Legacy GT (for the Japanese market) and in the United States, the 2014 model year Subaru Forester. Compression ratio for the turbo engine falls to 10.6:1 from 12.5:1 for the FA20D. A revised variant of the FA20F was introduced for the 2015 model year Subaru WRX; in this application, the camshafts, rocker arms, boost pressure, intercooler, and exhaust were revised to increase peak output.

FA20
Compared to the FB20 engine, which is undersquare with an 84 × bore and stroke for 1995 cm3 swept displacement, the FA20 is perfectly square with an 86 × bore and stroke for 1998 cm3 swept displacement. The 86 mm bore and stroke are also reminders of the heritage Toyota model AE86.


 * Common parameters for all FA20 variants:
 * Displacement: 1998 cm3
 * Bore: 86 mm
 * Stroke: 86 mm

FA20D


The FA20D features both direct and port injection (Toyota's D-4S injection system) and Subaru AVCS variable valve timing system. It is used in the Subaru BRZ, and is identified by a Toyota engine family code known as the 4U-GSE, which is installed in the Toyota 86 and the Scion FR-S. According to Subaru, 0W-20 oil is recommended.

Wards Auto put the FA20D on their "10 Best Engines" list for 2013.


 * Compression Ratio: 12.5:1
 * Application: 2012-2016 Subaru BRZ/Toyota GT86
 * Power: 197 hp at 7,000 RPM
 * Torque: 151 lbft at 6,400-6,600 RPM
 * Application: 2017-2020 Subaru BRZ/Toyota GT86 (manual transmission)
 * Power: 205 hp at 7,000 RPM
 * Torque: 156 lbft at 6,400 RPM

FA20F


A version with Subaru's own direct fuel injection and twin-scroll turbocharger was introduced in 2012. Also known as the FA20DIT. The FA20F was named to the Wards Auto "10 best engines" list in 2015 and 2016.


 * Compression Ratio: 10.6:1
 * Assembly: Oizumi, Japan
 * Firing Order: 1-3-2-4
 * 2012-2014 JDM Subaru Legacy 2.0GT DIT, 2014+ Subaru Levorg and 2015+ JDM Subaru WRX S4
 * Power: 296 hp at 5,600 RPM
 * Torque: 295 lbft at 2,000-4,800 RPM
 * 2014-2018 USDM Subaru Forester badged as Forester XT:
 * Power: 250 hp at 5,600 RPM
 * Torque: 258 lbft at 2,000-4,800 RPM
 * 2014-2018 JDM Subaru Forester badged as Forester XT:
 * Power: 276 hp at 5,600 RPM
 * Torque: 258 lbft at 2,000-5,200 rpm
 * 2015-2021 USDM Subaru WRX:
 * Power: 268 hp at 5,600 RPM
 * Torque: 258 lbft at 2,000-5,200 RPM
 * Rev Limit: 6700 RPM

FA24

 * Common parameters for all FA24 variants:
 * Displacement: 2387 cm3
 * Bore: 94 mm
 * Stroke: 86 mm

FA24F
The FA24F was introduced in 2018 initially for the 2019 model year Subaru Ascent. The bore is increased compared to prior FA20 engines, increasing displacement to 2387 cm3. The engine has an all aluminum head and block in order to keep weight and warm-up times low. Direct injection and a turbocharger are used to provide output comparable to a 6-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, and the FA24 uses "regular" (87 AKI) fuel. At the 2019 Chicago Auto Show, Subaru unveiled the 2020 model year Subaru Legacy sedan, available starting in fall 2019 and featuring the FA24 as the uplevel engine option. The 2020 model year Subaru Outback also featured the FA24 as the uplevel option.


 * Compression Ratio: 10.6:1
 * 2019+ USDM Subaru Ascent, 2020+ USDM Subaru Legacy badged as Legacy XT and Sport, 2020+ USDM Subaru Outback badged as Outback XT, and 2022+ USDM Subaru Outback badged as Outback Wilderness
 * Power: 260 hp at 5,600 RPM
 * Torque: 277 lbft at 2,000-4,800 RPM
 * 2022+ Subaru WRX
 * Power: 271 hp at 5,600 RPM
 * Torque: 258 lbft at 2,000-4,800 RPM
 * 2022+ Subaru Levorg/WRX Sportswagon/WRX GT

FA24D


Like the preceding FA20D, the FA24D uses the Toyota D-4S fuel injection system, which combines direct and port injection. It has the same displacement as the FA24F turbocharged engine with an identical 94×86 mm bore and stroke, but the compression level is increased to 12.5:1. Fitting the existing FA24F, with its bottom-mounted turbo, to the second generation Subaru BRZ/Toyota 86 would have required raising the price and overall center of gravity, so natural aspiration was chosen instead. The torque curve was revised, with peak torque coming at a lower engine speed in the FA24D, and without the significant torque decrease between 3,000 and 5,000 RPM exhibited by the FA20D, which resulted from tuning that engine for fuel economy. In addition, an oil cooler has been added to the engine. One important difference is that the 2022 Toyota GR86 engine requires an oil that meets the ILSAC GF-5 standard while the 2023 GR86 engine requires ILSAC GF-6A, while in markets like Australia the 2022 Subaru BRZ still allows ILSAC GF-5 and additionally allows older ACEA A3 and A5.


 * Compression Ratio: 12.5:1
 * 2022+ Subaru BRZ/Toyota GR86
 * Power: 228 –  at 7,000 RPM
 * Torque: 250 Nm at 3,700 RPM
 * The engine is fitted with an additional carbon filter in some regions which slightly restricts the intake.