Swimming at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place on 28 July at the Piscines Bernat Picornell in Barcelona, Spain.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

The following records were established during the competition:

Heats
Rule: The eight fastest swimmers advance to final A (Q), while the next eight to final B (q).