TE10

TE10 (ТЭ10) is a diesel-electric locomotive from the Soviet Union. The name of this locomotive (ТЭ10) is from тепловоз с электрической передачей, тип 10, which translates to "diesel-electric locomotive type 10."

History
In 1957–1961, the Kharkiv plant "Electrotyazhmash" and Malyshev Factory designed a new single-unit locomotive with 50% more power than a single TE3 unit and only a slightly greater mass. The result was the TEP10 and TEP10L designs. After 1961, work on the freight version of the design was assigned to the Lugansk works. These designs received the suffix "L" to the name to signify the transfer.

The first locomotive of the new design, designated TE10-001 (Kharkiv), was released in November 1958.

Only small numbers of the TEP variant were produced before the design became a dedicated freight locomotive, while a passenger version was not further developed.

Engines
Initial prototypes used the 12-cylinder 9D100 opposed piston two-stroke diesel engine to achieve the required power levels.

This was based on the Kharkiv 10-cylinder 2D100 two-stroke diesel unit. However problems were encountered and another variant of the 2D100 was used, the 10D100, another 10 cylinder two-stroke diesel design. All derivatives of the TE10 locomotive built as new used this engine.

Body
One of the innovations in Soviet locomotive factories was semi-monocoque construction - the principle of whole body supporting structure (what the US would call a carbody structure). This had previously been used only by the Czechoslovakian CHS1 electric locomotives and the Riga ER1 electric train. The body of the locomotive was based on two three-axle trucks like the TE3 predecessor.

With much less weight than the two-unit locomotive TE3, a single TE10 diesel locomotive could successfully replace a pair of TE3s.

Derivative designs
This single unit design formed the basis for a family of locomotives that was built for over 30 years and ranged from single unit passenger locomotives TEP10 through two and three unit freight locomotives 2TE10 3TE10 to four unit very heavy freight 4TE10U engines.