Talk:Adenylyl cyclase

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2018 and 20 November 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tharjo2, Silverhoma. Peer reviewers: Aflores66.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:52, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Abbyquinn15.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:25, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
I believe that the more correct (recent) name for this enzyme is in fact Adenylyl Cyclase. Perhaps the name of the article should be switched, and the first line edited as such?
 * My A-Level textbook gives the name as adenyl cyclase. Anyone care to elaborate?
 * I do. The enzyme can be called both ways, they are synonyms. Still we have to stick to the official name which according to NCBI and UniProtKB is "Adenylate cyclase". -- Boris 15:48, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Boris is right, it's just a matter of preferance, I think the english use the nomenclature "Adenylyl Cyclase" because they discovered it first (Sterichinderance 23:47, 28 April 2006 (UTC))

Moving comment
This link was added by a new user with the edit summary "this is a reference to a better article about adenyl cyclase, maybe it could be integrated with the current one". I am moving the link to where it is more visible. No opinion on whether it's a better article (though it looks interesting), just being tidy. :) Franamax (talk) 02:38, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

The legend to figure 1 is not accurate. Perhaps it should be changed to reflect that different receptor types, can use ATP/GTP. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.135.144.2 (talk) 19:37, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

New Citations
I am a student editor who has selected this article in order to help improve its content. When reading this article I noticed that there are only 8 citations and many of the sections do not contain citations. I hope to find sources for the content in this article and add them in order to improve its accuracy. In addition, I believe that more should be added to the regulation and function sections and may also look into adding information to those sections. I have found two potential sources from reputable journals that I believe could be added to the article in order to improve it. They are listed below.

Citation number 1: Citation was needed for the second sentence of the article, which discussed the distinct classes of adenylyl cyclases. It stated that they all catalyze the same reaction, but come from unrelated gene families with no structural homology. I found an article that discussed this and could also be useful for other portions of the article such as the sections regarding classes I, II, IV, V, and VI which do not contain any citations.

Citation number 2) Found another citation that discusses information about the different classes of cyclases, which I think will be able to link citations for in the sections of the article that do not contain any.

Abbyquinn15 (talk) 03:42, 1 October 2018 (UTC)Abby Quinn

Expanding on the structure section
Hi all. I was reading the article and thought it would be nice to expand on the structure section. While reading through the page, I was curious about the active site of the enzyme and the residues involved in the binding of ATP. Also, if those residues are conserved in different organisms, tissues, etc. I found a few papers that I think may give insight on the residues involved.

https://link-springer-com.ezp1.villanova.edu/article/10.1007%2Fs11010-018-3273-4 Jaggupilli, Appalaraju, Study of adenylyl cyclase-GαS interactions and identification of novel AC ligands, 446, pp. 63–72

http://www.jbc.org.ezp1.villanova.edu/content/293/23/9078.full Etzl, Stefan, Structure-guided design and functional characterization of an artificial red light–regulated guanylate/adenylate cyclase for optogenetic applications, 293, pp. 9078–9089

Please let me know what you guys think. I am still on the hunt for more sources, reviews in particular, and will be posting them in the near future. Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ayun2 (talk • contribs) 05:22, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

Vlad's Peer Review
LEAD SECTION-The group does a good job of stating a new use for adenylyl cyclase however hard to understand how it connects to general concept of the enzyme. Hard to understand mechanism however does relate to enzyme. (4/6 total points)

ARTICLE SECTION- The article is well written however not much editing to the general information, just one example given of how enzyme is used but article as whole is well written. (6/8 pts)

REFERENCES- Reference is made to one article however that is it, otherwise other sources are properly cited (6/6 pts) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vkoveshnikov (talk • contribs) 05:34, 13 November 2018 (UTC)

Finalized Edits
Hi again, I am now posting my finalized summary of the content that I will be adding to this page. The summary is pasted below:

Summary of New Additions:

In regards to this article, I will be adding my first citation to the second sentence of the article, as it did not contain a citation and says "citation needed." Additionally, I will be adding the second citation to the other sentences that speak of the different classes of adenylyl cyclases, since the primary problem with this article is that there are very minimal citations and many sentences do not have citations. Also there does not exist any citations in the regulation section, so I plan to add both my third and fourth citations to that paragraph on regulation. My fourth citation spoke about adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector and I plan to add that citation to the sentence that says "(source?)." after it. I felt that it was imperative to find a citation that specifically gave information regarding adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector as it was indicated in the article that a source was necessary for that information.

Furthermore, I plan to add a little information to the regulation section regarding Gs (stimulatory G proteins) and Gi (inhibitory G proteins) because they are only mentioned in the article as follows: "Adenylyl cyclase is dually regulated by G proteins (Gs stimulating activity and Gi inhibiting it), and by forskolin, as well as other isoform-specific effectors:" I believe that it is important to add more information on regulation and that it will make the article stronger.

My citations added to the main page are listed as citations 2, 3, 4 and 13. Citation 2 on the main page corresponds to the textbook written by John Hancock. Citation 3 on the main page corresponds to "Physiological Roles for G Protein-Regulated Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms: Insights from Knockout and Overexpression Studies." Citation 4 on the main page corresponds to "Structure of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic core." Citation 13 on the main page corresponds to "Candida albicans developmental regulation: adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector of parallel signals." I also decided to add citation 10 on the main page to the sentences regarding forskolin and isoforms in the regulation section. I felt that it was important to associate both the forskolin and the bullet points regarding isoforms with an appropriate citation. Note that citation 10 was a pre-existing citation on the page, but I felt that it should be associated with more information as the Wikipedia rubric states that each sentence should be associated with a supporting reference.

New Information to be Added to the Pre-existing Content in the Regulation Section:

Adenylyl cyclase is regulated by G proteins, which can be found in the monomeric form or the heterotrimeric form, consisting of three subunits[1][2][3]. Adenylyl cyclase activity is controlled by heterotrimeric G proteins[1][2][3]. The inactive or inhibitory form exists when the complex consists of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, with GDP bound to the alpha subunit[2][3]. In order to become active, a ligand must bind to the receptor and cause a conformational change[3]. This conformational change causes the alpha subunit to dissociate from the complex and become bound to GTP[3]. This G-alpha-GTP complex then binds to adenylyl cyclase and causes activation and the release of cAMP[3]. Since a good signal requires the help of enzymes, which turn on and off signals quickly, there must also be a mechanism in which adenylyl cyclase deactivates and inhibits cAMP[3]. The deactivation of the active G-alpha-GTP complex is accomplished rapidly by GTP hydrolysis due to the reaction being catalyzed by the intinsic enzymatic activity of GTPase located in the alpha subunit.

Additionally, adenylyl cyclase is regulated by "forskolin[10], as well as other isoform-specific effectors: Isoforms III, V and VIII are also stimulated by Ca2+/calmodulin[10]. Isoforms I and VI are inhibited by Ca2+ in a calmodulin-independent manner[10]. Isoforms II, IV and IX are stimulated by alpha subunit of the G protein[10]. Isoforms I, V and VI are most clearly inhibited by Gi, while other isoforms show less dual regulation by the inhibitory G protein[10].

How Highest Standards of Wikipedia Rubric Were Met:

Overall, the information that I have added below pertains to the highest standards of the Wikipedia rubric because the section/information that I have added is relevant and important. It does not duplicate any of the information that was previously stated in the article. It follows an organized fashion by first describing the structure of G proteins, followed by their activation and inhibition. It fills the key gaps in the regulation section of this article as it adds relevant information that expands upon the information regarding the regulation of adenylyl cyclase. The citations that I have added meet the highest requirements of the Wikipedia rubric, as they are going to be added to sentences that were not readily associated with a supporting reference. The rubric states that every statement should be supported with a citation. I plan to add these 4 sources to the relevant sentences in the article, so that all sentences that I am adding citations to are associated with an appropriate review or textbook reference.

I believe that there is more needed to be done in order to fully improve this article, but I believe that the changes that I have made have definitely strengthened it.

[1]Sadana, Rachna; Dessauer, Carmen W. (2009-2). "Physiological Roles for G Protein-Regulated Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms: Insights from Knockout and Overexpression Studies". Neuro-Signals. 17 (1): 5–22. doi:10.1159/000166277. ISSN 1424-862X. PMC 2790773. PMID 18948702. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[2]Zhang, Gongyi; Liu, Yu; Ruoho, Arnold E.; Hurley, James H. (1997-03). "Structure of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic core". Nature. 386 (6622): 247–253. doi:10.1038/386247a0. ISSN 0028-0836. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[3]T., Hancock, John (2010). Cell signalling (3rd ed ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199232109. OCLC 444336556.

[4]"Candida albicans developmental regulation: adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector of parallel signals". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 14 (6): 682–686. 2011-12-01. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.09.014. ISSN 1369-5274.

Abbyquinn15 (talk) 19:16, 3 December 2018 (UTC)Abby Quinn