Talk:Adrenaline/Archive 1

Misc
Adrenaline is, to my knowledge, NOT a tradename but rather another form of the chemical name (in fact it´s just the same as epinephrine, only in Latin instead of Greek). Kosebamse 14:16 Mar 7, 2003 (UTC)

Adrenaline isn't, but Adrenalin is, and it,incorrectly, also redirects here. Kashami 19:20, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

How shocking! You scientists are renaming Adrenaline? I've never heard of Epinephrine. How do you pronounce it? (maybe someone should add that)

I can't really imagine all of us extreme sports people going

"Woah! That was awesome. What an ephinephrine rush!" Nojer2 16:46 Mar 7, 2003 (UTC)
 * Don't use it then? This is like suggesting to computer scientists to stop saying "computer" and change all the instances of the word with "rig".
 * What a terrible counter-argument. Computer is a normal word that people have heard of.

I remove the following phrase:
 * but this trend seems to be coming to an end as the international community (especially Europe) pushes towards using non-propriety naming conventions (Adrenaline has been used a trade name).

It's correct that "Europe" (in this case rather West-Europe) pushes for non-propriety names, but that is no reason for the wordings about "this trend" "coming to an end".

-- Johan Magnus 03:26 19 May 2003 (UTC)

I´ve rewritten much of the article, and, among others, removed this:
 * In Europe "epinephrine" is perceived as an Americanization of the British-approved name, "adrenaline."

I don´t think this helps understand what adrenaline/epinephrine is and does.
 * to lower intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma and to treat acute chloroquine poisoning.

I wonder whether epinephrine can really lower intraocular pressure (dilating the pupils generally doesn´t help to that purpose); and the chloroquine reference is not too interesting in a general encyclopedic article. Some more stuff that I´ve left out would, I think, really belong to an article stress reaction or sympathetic nervous system. Unfortunately, the latter is currently just a redirect to Autonomic nervous system and that article itself needs much work to become more readable and useful. Kosebamse 13:55 19 May 2003 (UTC)

Very good! Also the polemics has been removed step by step, as it looks from the history. Maybe it would be of some interest, though, to keep some kind of reference to US-usage versus British/European usage. There aren't supposed to be synonyms in English on such basic things, are there? ;-) (It's another thing that the French can't use American terms all the time, that is selfevident, all the world understand that, but the English... ;-))) -- Ruhrjung 21:15 20 May 2003 (UTC)


 * Of course it might be of interest to know how and why American and British English differ in this respect, but those questions do not, IMO, belong into an article about a hormone/drug. It should be noted that many drugs (at least in the EU) are sold under generic names (sometimes slightly modified) rather than trade names. Therefore, it would be not that unusual to see epinephrine/adrenaline being sold as "Adrenaline" or "Adrenaline-Foobar". Kosebamse 06:29 21 May 2003 (UTC)

Allergy patients undergoing immunotherapy can get an epinephrine rinse before their allergan extract is administered. I wonder where this comes from and what it is supposed to mean. Epinephrine does not act as a specific antagonist in anaphylaxis, rather it is used as a symptomatic treatment against anaphylactic symptoms. Furthermore, the extreme and possibly lethal side effects of epinephrine make it highly unlikely that it could be used for such prophylactic purposes. Kosebamse 20:48 31 May 2003 (UTC)

to Kosebamse, adrenaline is not a trade mark, but Adrenalin is

Adrenaline vs. Epinephrine
There are various national bodies for standardizing the nonproprietary names for drugs. In the UK, they use British Approved Names (BAN), in the U.S. they use U.S. Approved Names (USAN) etc... The World Health Organization designates International Nonproprietary Names. In most cases, all these groups agree, this is an exception. Although I haven't been able to find a full list of INNs, this document reliably indicates that epinephrine is the INN for adrenaline (which is BAN). I think we should go with INNs for all applicable cases (with redirects of course). Matt 04:25, 26 Jun 2004 (UTC)


 * I too must say everyone says adrenaline, no one says Epinephrine etc. blabla. --Abdull 8 July 2005 18:05 (UTC)


 * While adrenaline is the common term everywhere that I know of, doctors always say Epinephrine in the US; also Norepinephrine rather than Noradrenaline. Also, the term epi-pen has fallen into common usage; I was aware of it when I was in grade school, long before I knew what "epi" actually was. 209.163.100.30 07:02, 31 July 2005 (UTC)


 * When I hear "adrenaline" in the U.S., it usually refers to that produced in the body naturally. When I hear "Epinephrine," it usually refers to the same substance introduced artificially, or injected.--SpacemanAfrica 19:18, 29 January 2006 (UTC)


 * I am in professional school for Pharmacy and we use exclusively Epinephrine and Norepinephrine but we all know that adrenaline and noradrenaline are just different terms for the same thing. I believe there was a case of legality due to the term Adrenaline which caused the US Pharmaceopeia to adopt Epinephrine, but according to etymology they both derive the same term from different sources.

Epi-nephr-ine Ad-renal-ine Above/On-Kidney-Amine

It should however be noted that when referring to the receptors for this class of mimetics we always use the term "adrenergics". As a personal note I have found that people who use the term adrenaline either don't know what they are talking about or were not taught in the US.

Etherealmuse 16:06, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

I don't know about this whole thing...I live in the US, and this article is the only place I've ever seen the substance referred to as Epinephrine, everyone and everything (including medical magazines) refers to it as Adrenaline.--CB319 18:40, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Adrenalin comes from the ADRENAL glad- (not the Epinephrin Gland) and acts on Adrenoreceptors- (not epino receptors) can't we just call it adrenalin??? Since it is a medicat term really, it should use the latin derivation; ad-renal as opposed to the greek route.

Please consider my pleas and change it :)

If you understand what it is and its actions...then move on...get over the conflict you have on what to call it, many drugs have many names and multiple effects on the system, just understand what it does(how it works), how much you are to give and its actions/side-effects...call it what you want...as long as you understand it. --Paramedic

I agree on that we should try to use INN as far as possible, and I also think that adrenaline has a sort of a 'vulgar' feel to it and thus it should eb used here, the only place where I've seen adrenaline is in non-scientific publications and crappy swedeish books for stupid teenagers. Ferrelas 19:55, 20 October 2006 (UTC)Ferrelas

Use in anaesthesiology?
It seems like more could be said about the physiological effects of epinephrine, but I was reading various issues of an anaesthesiology journal once and much mention was made of epinephrine as a resuscitative and/or post-operative aid. Also, if I recall correctly, the concentrations of epinephrine involved were very small, so maybe a note on its power (signal cascading?) could also be added. I'd put this stuff in myself but it's not my field. I'll try to look it up again if no one else responds though. Jeeves 15:53, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I take issue with this:


 * Whilst epinephrine is the current International Non-Proprietary Name (INN) and United States Approved Name (USAN), it is widely known as adrenaline in the rest of the world (outside the United States) which followed the British Approved Name (BAN) as listed in the British Pharmacopoeia.

I am an American and I'd never heard of "epinephrine" before I read this.

"rebound bronchospasm"
Shouldn't the article mention somewhere that "epinephrine" is sold over the counter for bronchspasm relief as Primatene Mist? 

Also, at least according to what I just on a couple of health sites, a standard recommendation is to "Avoid the use of over-the-counter inhalants. Most of these contain epinephrine, which is effective for only a short time and may cause rebound bronchospasm."

Also, it appears that the availability of this over the counter is somewhat controversial, as it encourages folks to self-medicate who should probably be seeking treatment instead.

This might be worth mentioning.

Headline text
What about that thing when people do amazing feats because they are so pumped up with Adrenaline (or epinephrine? Sorry i'm not following the argument about it's proper name) But there was a case in my newspaper recently (British) of a young girl (teens or early 20s) who was in a car crash which broke her back, then she got out and lifted a car to save her friend.

Mistake in info?
Adrenaline or Epinephrine, as far as I know, is NOT a neurotransmitter, nor is it realease by neurones. it is a hormone released by the adrenal gland (thus its name) and it is relase into the blood stream, not a synaptic cleft.

I think the author may have confused it with Noradrenaline (which IS a neurotransmitter released by neurones).


 * Epinephrine is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Such duality is common.
 * Epinephrine, together with dopamine and norepinephrine, for the group of neurotransmitters called catecholamines.
 * As for production, one mechanism is based on the transportation of tyrosine to catecholamine-secreting neurons. where a series of reactions convert it to dopamine, to norepinephrine and finally to epinephrine.
 * In summary: both norepinephrine and epinephrine are neurotransmitters.Peak 01:50, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Agreed--Epinephrine is NOT a neurotransmitter. This misconception is due to the fact that it acts very quickly, like neurotransmitters are known to do. However, the hormone is released from the adrenal medulla and acts, like other peptide hormones, to signal second messenger systesm in the cell.

History?
Most scientific articles on wikipedia tend to feature a history of the article in question, including discovery, and assorted uses since then.

I would much apreciate it if anyone with this information would update the article.

Epinephrine (hormone vs. neurotransmitter)
What is the difference between the way that epinephrine works as a hormone and a neurotransmitter?

Neurotransmitters work over very short distances in synaptic spaces (the "gaps" between nerves) Norepinephrin forexample is of the sympathetic nervous system.

Epenephrin on the other hand is more stable and will be carried in the blood. When it reaches the heart it will change the rate of BPM and will also cause dilation of arteries feeding muscles.

Epinephrine in ophthalmology
In ophthalmology epinephrine has two usages: 1.- As a midriatic in cataract surgery that are little or not responsive to topical tropicamide. 2.- As a glaucoma therapy.

Should the article mention them?

grammar needs help
The grammar in the beginning of this article is horrible!
 * Are you referring to but, in later years, counterevidence is shown from the experiment note that Kaminaka leaves that the Takamine team is the discoverer of first adrenaline.  ? I can't figure out what on earth it's trying to say. --moof 18:16, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks like "Kaminaka leaves a note saying that the Takamine team was the first discoverer of adrenaline."
 * I just noticed at the end of the article "..one of the only..". sounds like it should be "one of the few"

adrenocrome
--Ddhix 2002 03:51, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

i recently read a book (Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas) about a drug/chemical called adrenocrome and looked it up on google with some information relating to it. would someone who knows about this please confirm it's existence. it's supposed to be related to adrenaline/epinephrine


 * http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/adrenochrome.txt This file may help you.--Ddhix 2002 03:51, 21 March 2006 (UTC)


 * Or you could check out adrenochrome. Deli nk 20:07, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

what about the effects of epinephrine on people's performance?
I came here looking to learn more about the hormone's effect on muscle performance, pain tolerance, reaction time, etc. I've heard stories of it granting incredible strength, even allowing children to lift cars off of loved ones being crushed to death. Is there any truth in this? Can anyone find more info on this stuff? The Taped Crusader 06:22, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

That's what I've come here for, as well, to see how much is truth and how much fiction. While I know perfectly well it does that, the only thing I can get out of anyone is that it invokes a 'fight-or-flight' response. Not very helpful. Can we see some examples and explanations and listing of its practical effects?--24.90.172.131 18:38, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Error in pregnancy category
The american pregnancy category for this drug is category C http://www.allerex.ca/product.htm

If someone can edit this (I"m not much for this kind of thing) that would be great.

rush
someone should talk about adrenaline rushes on the article. how they start, their cause, etc.

Rename
No one use epinephrine outside the US. Adrenaline is the more common term. The Google test proves it. --Jerry Crimson Mann 14:44, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that this page should reside at Adrenaline, though not because of the Google test. Even among Americans, adrenaline is the commoner term.
 * All American scientists know what adrenaline is. Many (most?) scientists abroad are unfamiliar with epinephrine, knowing it only as adrenaline.
 * Nearly all American laypeople know what adrenaline is. Few have ever heard of epinephrine.
 * A side-effect of using adrenaline (and noradrenaline) is that it will eliminate any confusion surrounding the use of the term adrenergic when describing receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine.
 * Cheers, David Iberri (talk) 19:53, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Who cares? All we need is a redirect from one to the other. Doesn't bother me which one, I'm well aware that adrenaline's INN is epinephrine, as are most 'foreign' scientists and medics (although I balk at norepinephrine). But what is with the proposed move to adrenalin? --Coroebus 22:01, 14 June 2006 (UTC)


 * Strong disagree - Epinephrine is the International Nonproprietary Name specified by the World Health Organization and should be the title according to Naming conventions (chemistry). Whilst I agree adrenaline frequently used and very much beloved BAN by us Brits, the INN should remain as for other drugs. If it makes you Americans any happier, it is one of the few name changes where, as the article indicates, the USAN forced international name to change to US way. The (unjustified) moan of UK doctors upon the announcement of switch from BAN to INN was this was purely our Department of Health bowing to European Union over WHO appeasement to the Yanks for which adrenaline/epinephrine would be cited as example (along with frusemide to furosemide) - in fact of course INN a truely worldwide feature and often not in line with USAN either (eg paracetamol) :-) David Ruben Talk 01:11, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Adrenaline vs. Epinephrine
How is it called in Canada, the U.K. and Australia? If they, as the article suggests, call it "Adrenaline" then the main name used should be "Adrenaline" rather than "Epinephrine", or this article would be guilty of US-centrism. This is an English encyclopedia, not one for a specific country. --A Sunshade Lust 19:00, 9 July 2006 (UTC) Uh, I just read the talk page - oops! --A Sunshade Lust 19:01, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

I don't know about this whole thing...I live in the US, and this article is the only place I've ever seen the substance referred to as Epinephrine, everyone and everything (including medical magazines) refers to it as Adrenaline.--CB319 18:40, 7 August 2006 (UTC)


 * UK moved several years ago to adopt WHO INNs. As such correct term worldwide and in UK is Epinepherine. Given though importance of thi drug, it is permitted to also use term Adrenaline. Article correctly, as far as UK usage goes, is epinepharine (not adrenaline). In general discussion though one talks about "adrenaline rush", "adrenaline junkies" (i.e. extreme sports fans), "adrenal gland" etc. David Ruben Talk 19:26, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

I haven't got references to support this right now, but from what I understand the term adrenalin has been around for a long time, biochemists discovered a chemical signalling molecule and called it epinephrine (etymology probably has something to do with above(epi) kidney(nephros)(suprarenal... adrenal... ), scientific texts will often refer to epinephrine or adrenalin(e) depending on the author, but it was probably after epinepherine was discovered that its action was associated with what we call 'adrenalin', and has both names commonly associated with it. -- S.T

vasoconstrictor vs vasodialator
Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor. However, in the "Pharmacology" section it says: Epinephrine also activates β-adrenergic receptors of the liver and muscle cells, thereby activating the adenylate cyclase signaling pathway, which will in turn increase glycogenolysis. Specifically, β2 receptors exist on many blood vessels. Activation of the adenylate cyclase pathway on this tissue causes inhibition of myosin light chain kinase which, in turn, relaxes the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel walls to bring about vasodilation.

This is either wrong or just confusing. Can someone edit the text to clear up why epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor and yet the pathway it activates causes relaxation of smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel walls to bring about vasodilation?


 * Adrenaline is both a vasoconstrictor and vasodilator depending on receptor subtype and thus second messenger system. --Coroebus 18:34, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Contradiction
In the section "Pharmacology" Someone wrote in "This is wrong..." and gave another explaination. I'm not sure which is right or how to fix this. Maybe a biochemist can sort it out. 74.60.29.249 04:59, 15 October 2006 (UTC)