Talk:Animal allergy

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Additionally, it may be beneficial to include the immunological mechanism that causes allergy symptoms. B cells, a type of adaptive immune cell, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies. Antibodies have a heavy chain and a light chain, and are classified according to the heavy chain they contain (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, and IgG). In allergic individual, connective tissue mast cells and mucosal mast cells bind IgE via the Fc receptor on the mast cell specific for IgE; the IgE bind to specific antigens when the antigens are present. When an allergen binds to the IgE antibody, the IgE antibodies on the mast cell cross-link. This cross linkage of IgE antibodies causes a cell signaling pathway that results in mast cell degranulation and histamine release.

Histamine causes smooth muscle contraction in the lower airways, leading to bronchoconstriction and difficulty breathing. In the nasal mucosa, histamine mediates sneezing, hypersecretion (runny nose), and nasal congestion. Finally, histamine mediates vasodilation, which can cause hypotension.

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