Talk:Battle of the Utus

on copyediting
Finished with ed17's suggestions. Thanks everyone for improving the appearance of the article!--Dipa1965 (talk) 18:32, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

to be decisive or not decisive
According to the majority of scholarly views that I I was able to collect, Romans were defeated although many agree that the Hunnic losses were severe.--Dipa1965 (talk) 22:30, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

User:Viridiss, please do not selectively remove referenced text from the infobox. Thank you.--Dipa1965 (talk) 22:52, 21 April 2018 (UTC)

I am not done editing, i will restore the rest
@Kansas Bear i am still working on the page, it may take a few days to make it almost perfect with reliable sources, i know Schultheis' work is a hardly reliable source but still he used a lot of references in his book, please do not undo the edit's i've done. Hunnic Enjoyer (talk) 18:35, 27 November 2023 (UTC)


 * Schultheis, with their BA in history and chemistry, should not be used. If you disagree take the source to the Reliable sources noticeboard. --Kansas Bear (talk) 21:40, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Actually i just realized that Schultheis used total 943 footnotes for 6 chapters in his book, also he used a lot of academic/reliable sources while writing this book and supoorting his ideas. Here is the list of sources he used:
 * Primary Sources
 * Anderson, W.B., Sidonius: Poems and Letters. With an English Translation, Introduction and Notes (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963).
 * Banchich, Thomas M., The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great, trans. Thomas M. Banchich and Eugene N. Lane (London: Routledge Publishing, 2009).
 * Barnish, Samuel, Cassiodorus: Variae (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1992). Blockley, Roger C., The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus, 2 vols (Liverpool: Francis
 * Cairns, 1981).
 * Blume, Fred H., The Codex of Justinian: A New Annotated Translation with Parallel
 * Latin and Greek Text Based on a Translation by Justice Fred H. Blume, edited by
 * Serena Connolly et al (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016). Burgess, Richard, ‘The Chronicle of Hydatius and the Consularia Constantinopolitana’: Two Contemporary Accounts of the Final Years of the Roman Empire (Oxford:
 * Clarendon Press, 1993.)
 * ———. ‘The Gallic Chronicle of 452: A New Critical Edition with Brief
 * Introduction’, in Ralph W. Mathisen and Danuta Shanzer (eds), Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul: Revisiting the Sources (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2001), pp.52–84.
 * ———. ‘The Gallic Chronicle of 511: A New Critical Edition with Brief Introduction’, in Ralph W. Mathisen and Danuta Shanzer (eds), Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul: Revisiting the Sources (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2001), pp.85–100.
 * Clover, Frank M., ‘Flavius Merobaudes: A Translation and Historical Commentary’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 61, no.1 (1971), pp.1–78.
 * Croke, Brian, Count Comes and his Chronicle (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
 * Dalton, Ormonde Maddock, The Letters of Sidonius, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1915).
 * Dennis, George T., Maurice’s Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984).
 * Devoto, James G., Flavius Arrianus: Technè Taktika (Tactical Handbook) and Ektaxis Kata Alanon (The Expedition Against the Alans) (Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1993). Drew, Katherine Fisher, The Burgundian Code: Book of Constitutions or Law of Gundobad; Additional Enactments (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
 * Press, 1972).
 * ———. The Laws of the Salian Franks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
 * Press, 1991).
 * Fremantle, W.H., Lewis, G. and Martley, W.G., ‘The Letters of St. Jerome’, in
 * Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (eds), Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Second
 * Series, Vol.6 (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1893).
 * Frendo, Joseph D., Agathias: The Histories, 2 vols (Berlin: Walter De Gruyter, 1975). Given, John, The Fragmentary History of Priscus: Attila, the Huns and the Roman
 * Empire, AD 430–476 (Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing, 2014).
 * Gwilt, Joseph, The Architecture of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (London: Priestly and
 * Weale, 1826).
 * Hartranft, Chester D., ‘The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen, Comprising
 * a History of the Church, from A.D. 323 to A.D. 425’, in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (eds), Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol.2 (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892).
 * Hoare, F.R., The Western Fathers: Being the Lives of Martin of Tours, Ambrose, Augustine of Hippo, Honoratus of Arles and Germanus of Auxerre (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965).
 * Jackson, Blomfield, ‘Theodoret: Church History, Dialogues, and Letters,’ in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (eds), Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol.3 (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892).
 * Kaldellis, Anthony, Prokopios: The Wars of Justinian, trans. H.B. Dewing (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2014).
 * Lassard, Y. and Koptev, A., ‘Codex Theodosianus’, The Roman Law Library (accessed 7 November 2017, https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/).
 * ———. ‘Theodosiani Novellae’, The Roman Law Library (accessed 7 November 2017, https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/).
 * Mierow, Charles C., The Origins and Deeds of the Goths (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1908).
 * Milner, N.P., Vegetius: Epitome of Military Science, 2nd ed. (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993).
 * Mommsen, Theodor, ‘Iordanis Romana et Getica’, in Monumenta Germaniae Historiae, Vol.5, Pt1 (edited by Societas Aperiendis Fontibus Rerum Germanicarum Medii Aevi) (Berlin: Weidmann, 1882).
 * Murray, Alexander, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008).
 * ‘Paulus Diaconus’, The Latin Library (accessed 7 November 2017. http://www. thelatinlibrary.com/pauldeacon.html).
 * Peters, Edwards, Paul the Deacon: History of the Lombards, trans. William Dudley Folke (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974).
 * Pharr, Clyde, The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions: A Translation with Commentary, Glossary and Bibliography (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952).
 * Platnauer, Maurice, Claudian, in Loeb Classical Library, 2 vols (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1992).
 * Ridley, Ronald T., Zosimus: New History (Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1982).
 * Strassler, Robert B., The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories, trans. Andrea L. Purvis (New York: Anchor Books, 2007).
 * Thorpe, Lewis, Gregory of Tours: The History of the Franks (London: Penguin Classics, 1976).
 * Ueda-Sarson, Luke, ‘Late Roman Shield Patterns Taken from the Notitia Dignitatum’, LukeUedaSarson.com (last modified 3 January 2016, http:// lukeuedasarson.com/NotitiaPatterns.html).
 * Whitby, Michael and Whitby, Mary, Chronicon Paschale 284–628 AD (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1989).
 * Winterbottom, M. Gildas, ‘The Ruin of Britain and Other Documents’, in John Morris (ed.), Arthurian Period Sources, Vol.7 (Felpham, West Sussex: Phillimore & Co., 1978).
 * Wolf, Kenneth, ‘Isidore of Seville, History of the Kings of the Goths’, in Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain, 2nd ed., trans. Kenneth Wolf (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2011).
 * Zenos, A.C., ‘The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus’, in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (eds), Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol.2 (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892).
 * Secondary Sources
 * Aldfelt, Johan, ‘Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire’, Lund University Department of Archaeology and Ancient History (last modified 22 May 2016, http://dare.ht.lu. se/).
 * Altheim, Franz, Geschichte der Hunnen, 4 vols (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1959).
 * Arbois de Jubainville, Henri d’, ‘Recherches philologiques sur l’anneau sigillaire de Pouan’, Revue de Questions Historiques 6 (1869).
 * Asadov, Farda, ‘Ellak and Ilek: What does the Study of an Ancient Turkic Title in Eurasia Contribute to the Discussion of Khazar Ancestry?’, Acta Via Serica 2 (2017), pp.113–32.
 * Attila, Kiss, ‘Huns, Romans, Byzantines? The Origins of the Narrow-Bladed Long Seaxes’, Acta Archaeological Carpathica 59 (2014), pp.131–64.
 * Atwood, Christopher P., ‘Huns and Xiongnu – New Thoughts on an Old Problem’, in Brian J. Boeck, Russell E. Martin and Daniel Rowlands (eds), Dubitando: Studies in History and Culture in Honor of David Ostrowski (Bloomington: Slavica Publishers, 2012), pp.27–52.
 * ———. ‘The Qai, the Khongai, and the Names of the Xi ̄ongnú’, in Yu Taishan, Li Jinxiu and Bruce Doar (eds), International Journal of Eurasian Studies, Vol.2 (Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2015), pp.35–63.
 * Bachrach, Bernard S., A History of the Alans in the West: From their First Appearance in the Sources of Classical Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1973).
 * ———. Merovingian Military Organization 481–751 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1972).
 * Baldwin, Barry, ‘Priscus of Panium’, Byzantion 50 (1980), pp.18–61.
 * Banniard, Michel, ‘L’aménagement de l’histoire chez Grégoire de Tours: à propos
 * de l’invasion de 451’, Romanobarbarica 3 (1978), pp.23–26.
 * Barfield, Thomas, ‘The Hsiung-nu Imperial Confederacy: Organization and
 * Foreign Policy’, Journal of Asian Studies 41, no.1 (1981), pp.45–61.
 * Barnish, Samuel, ‘Old Kaspars: Attila’s Invasion of Gaul in the Literary Sources’, in John Drinkwater (ed.), Fifth Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity? (Cambridge:
 * Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp.38–47.
 * ———. ‘The Battle of Vouille and the Decisive Battle Phenomenon in Late Antique
 * Gaul’, in Ralph W. Mathisen and Danuta Shanzer (eds), The Battle of Vouille,
 * 507: Where France Began (Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2012), pp.11–42. Baughman, Elizabeth, ‘The Scythian Archers: Policing Athens’, in Christopher Blackwell (ed.), Demos: Classical Athenian Democracy (The Stoa Consortium for
 * Electronic Publication in the Humanities, 2003), pp.1–6.
 * Bessiana, Amin, ‘The Size of the Numerus Transtigritanorum in the Fifth
 * Century’, ZPE 175 (2010), pp.224–26.
 * Bishop, M.C. and Coulston, J.C.N., Roman Military Equipment: From the Punic
 * Wars to the Fall of Rome, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2009).
 * Blanchet, Adrien, Les enceintes romaines de la Gaule (Paris: Payot Publishing, 1907). Blockley, Roger C., ‘Dexippus and Priscus and the Thucydidean Account of the
 * Siege of Platea’, Phoenix 26 (1972), pp.22–26.
 * ———. ‘The Development of Greek Historiography: Priscus, Malchus, Candidus’,
 * in Gabriele Marasco (ed.), Greek & Roman Historiography in Late Antiquity:
 * Fourth to Sixth Century A.D. (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp.289–316.
 * Bona, Istvan, Das Hunnenreich (Budapest: Theiss, 1991).
 * ———. Les Huns: Le Grande Empire Barbare d’Europe (IVe-Ve Siecles) (Paris:
 * Errance, 2002).
 * Brodka, Dariusz, ‘Attila, Tyche und die Schlacht auf den Katalaunischen Feldern:
 * Eine Untersuchung zum Geschichtsdenken des Priskos von Panion’, Hermes 136, no.2 (2008), pp.227–45.
 * Browning, Robert, ‘Where was Attila’s Camp?’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 73 (1953), pp.143–45.
 * Burgess, Richard, ‘A New Reading for the Hydatius Chronicle 177 and the Defeat of the Huns in Italy’, Phoenix 42 (1988), pp.357–63.
 * Bury, John Bagnell, History of the Later Roman Empire (New York: Dover Publications, 1958).
 * ———. ‘Iusta Grata Honoria’, Journal of Roman Studies 9 (1919), pp.8–9. Campbell, Duncan, Greek and Roman Artillery 399 BC – AD 363 (Oxford: Osprey
 * Publishing, 2003).
 * ———. Greek and Roman Siege Machinery 399 BC – AD 363 (Oxford: Osprey
 * Publishing, 2003).
 * Christie, Neil, ‘From the Danube to the Po: The Defence of Pannonia and Italy
 * in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries AD’, in Andrew Poulter (ed.), The Transition to Late Antiquity on the Danube and Beyond (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp.547–78.
 * Christiensen, Arne Søby, Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth (Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2002).
 * Ciglenecki, Slavko, ‘Claustra Alpium Iuliarum, tractus Italiae circa Alpes, and the Defence of Italy in the Final Part of the Late Roman Period’, Arheoloski Vestnik 67 (2016), pp.409–24.
 * ———. ‘Late Roman Army, Claustra Alpium Iuliarum and the Fortifications in the South-Eastern Alps’, in Janka Istenic, Bostjan Laharanar, and Jana Horvat (eds), Evidence of the Roman Army in Slovenia (Ljublijana: Narodni Muzej Slovenije, 2015), pp.385–430.
 * Clinton, Fynes, Fasti Romani, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople from the Death of Augustus to the Death of Justin II, Vol.2 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1853).
 * Coello, Terence, ‘Unit Sizes in the Late Roman Army’, PhD diss., The Open University, 1995.
 * Collins, Robert, ‘Brooch use in the 4th to 5th-century frontier’, in Robert Collins and Lindsay Alan-Jones (eds), Finds from the Frontier: Material Culture in the 4th–5th Centuries (London: Council for British Archaeology, 2010), pp.64–77.
 * Cook, Edward R., ‘Megadroughts, ENSO and the Invasion of Late-Roman Europe by the Huns and Avars’, in William V. Harris (ed.), The Ancient Mediterranean Environment: Between Science and History (Leiden: Brill, 2013), pp.89–102.
 * Creasy, Edward Shepard, Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World: From Marathon to Waterloo (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1915).
 * Curta, Florin, ‘The Earliest Avar-Age Stirrups, or the “Stirrup Controversy” Revisited’, in Florin Curta (ed.), The Other Europe in the Middle Ages. Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, Vol.2 (Leiden: Brill, 2008), pp.302–10.
 * Delaplace, Christine, La fin de l’Empire romain d’Occident: Rome et les Wisigoths de 382–551 (Rennes: University Press of Rennes, 2015).
 * de la Vassiere, Etienne, ‘Huns et Xiongnu’, Central Asiatic Journal 49 (2005), pp.3–26.
 * ———. ‘The Steppe World and the Rise of the Huns’, in Michael Maas (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp.175–92.
 * Delbrück, Hans, The Barbarian Invasions: History of the Art of War (trans. Walter J. Renfoe Jr) (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1990).
 * ———. The Barbarian Invasions: History of the Art of War (trans. Walter J. Renfoe Jr) (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1990).
 * Di Cosmo, Nicola, Ancient China and its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
 * ———.‘The Northern Frontier in Pre-Imperial China’, in Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy (eds), The Cambridge History of Ancient China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp.885–966.
 * Dierkins, Alain and Perin, Patrick, ‘The 5th-century Advance of the Franks in Belgica II: History and Archaeology’, in E. Taayke, O.H. Harsema, and H.R. Reinders (eds), Essays on the Early Franks (Eelde: Barkhuis, 2003), pp.165–93.
 * Dinchev, Ventzislav, ‘The Fortresses of Thrace and Dacia in the Early Byzantine Period’, in Andrew Poulter (ed.), The Transition to Late Antiquity: On the Danube and Beyond (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp.479–546.
 * Elton, Hugh, ‘Defence in Fifth Century Gaul’, in John Drinkwater (ed.), Fifth Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp.167–76.
 * ———. Frontiers of the Roman Empire (London: Routledge, 2012).
 * ———. ‘Military Developments in the Fifth Century’, in Michael Maas (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila (Cambridge: Cambridge University
 * Press, 2014), pp.125–39.
 * ———. Warfare in Roman Europe AD 350–425 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996). Érdy, Miklós, ‘Hun and Xiong-nu Type Cauldron Finds throughout Eurasia’,
 * Eurasian Studies Yearbook 67 (1995), pp.5–94.
 * Fernandez, Joaquin, ‘Late Roman Belts in Hispania’, Journal of Roman Military
 * Equipment Studies 10 (1999), pp.55–71.
 * Ferrill, Arther, The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation (London:
 * Thames and Hudson, 1986).
 * Fields, Nic, Attila the Hun (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2015).
 * ———. The Hun: Scourge of God AD 375–565 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
 * 2006).
 * Findley, Carter, The Turks in World History (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
 * 2004).
 * Fischer, Svante and Sanchez, Fernando Lopez, ‘Subsidies for the Roman West? The Flow of Constantinopolitan Solidi to the Western Empire and Barbaricum’, Opuscula 9 (2016), pp.158–77.
 * ———. with Victor, Helena, ‘The 5th Century Hoard of Theodosian Solidi from Stora Brunneby, Oland, Sweden’, Fornvannen 106 (2011), pp.189–204.
 * Fleuriot, Léon, Les Origines de la Bretagne (Paris: Payot Publishing, 1980).
 * Fyfe, Laura, Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the
 * Collapse of the Western Roman Empire, Master’s Thesis, Trent University, 2016. Gaupp, Ernst, Die germanischen Ansiedlungen und Landteilungen in den Provinzen des römischen Weltreichs in ihrer völkerrechtlichen Eigentümlichkeit und mit Rücksicht auf verwandte Erscheinungen der Alten Welt und des späteren Mittelalters dargestellt
 * (Osnabrück: Otto ZellerVerlag, 1967).
 * Gerrets, Danny, ‘The Anglo-Frisian Relationship Seen from an Archaeological
 * Point of View’, in Volkert F. Faltings, Alastair G.H. Walker and Ommo Wilts (eds), Friesische Studien II: Beiträge des Föhrer Symposiums zur Friesischen Philologie (Odense: Odense University Press, 1995), pp.119–28.
 * Gibbon, Edward, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol.2 (New York: Modern Library, 2003).
 * Gillett, Andrew, Envoys and Political Communication in the Late Antique West, 411– 533 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
 * Girard, M., ‘Le Campus Mauriacus, Nouvelle Etude sur le Champ de Bataille d’Attila’, Revue Historique 28, no.2 (1885).
 * Glad, Damien, ‘The Empire’s Influence on Barbarian Elites from the Pontus to the Rhine (5th–7th Centuries): A Case Study of Lamellar Weapons and Segmental Helmet’, in Vujadin Ivaniševic ́ and Michel Kazanski (eds), The Pontic Danubian Realm in Late Antiquity (Paris: ACHCByz, 2012), pp.349–62.
 * Goetz, Hans-Werner, ‘Gens, Kings and Kingdoms: The Franks’, in Hans-Werner Goetz, Jorg Jarnut and Walter Pohl (eds), Regna and Gentes: The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp.307–19.
 * Goffart, Walter, ‘Administrative Methods of Barbarian Settlement in the Fifth Century: The Definitive Account’, in S. Diefenbach and G.M. Müller (eds), Gallien in Spätantike und Frühmittelalter: Kulturgeschichte Einer Region (Berlin: Walter De Gruyter, 2013), pp.45–56.
 * ———. Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006).
 * ———. Barbarians and Romans A.D. 418–584: The Techniques of Accommodation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980).
 * ———. ‘Frankish Military Duty and the Fate of Roman Taxation’ Early Medieval Europe 16, no.2 (2008), pp.166–90.
 * ———. The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede and Paul the Deacon (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
 * ———. ‘The Technique of Barbarian Settlement in the Fifth Century: A Personal, Streamlined Account with Ten Additional Comments’, Journal of Late Antiquity 3, no.1 (2010), pp.65–98.
 * Golden, Peter, An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992).
 * ———. ‘Imperial Ideology and the Sources of Political Unity Amongst the Pre- Chingissid Nomads of Western Eurasia’, Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 2 (1982), pp.37–76.
 * ———. ‘Nomads of the Western Eurasian Steppes: Oyurs, Onoyurs and Khazars’, in Catalin Hriban (ed.), Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes (Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2011), pp.135–63.
 * ———. ‘Some Notes on the Etymology of Sabir’, ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΔΩΡΟΝ (2013), pp.49–55.
 * ———. ‘War and Warfare in the Pre-Chingissid Western Steppes of Eurasia’, in Catalin Hriban (ed.), Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes (Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2011), pp.65–134.
 * Gordon, Colin D., The Age of Attila: Fifth Century Byzantium and the Barbarians (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960).
 * Gracanin, Hrvoje, ‘The Western Roman Embassy to the Court of Attila in A.D. 449’, Byzantinoslavica 6 (2003), pp.53–74.
 * Grane, Thomas, ‘Southern Scandinavian Foederati and Auxiliarii?’, in Thomas Grane (ed.), Beyond the Roman Frontier: Roman Influences on the Northern Barbaricum (Rome: Quasar, 2008), pp.83–104.
 * ———. The Roman Empire and Southern Scandinavia – A Northern Connection!, PhD Diss., University of Copenhagen, 2007.
 * Greatrex, G. and Greatrex, M., ‘The Hunnic Invasion of the East in 395 and the Fortress of Ziatha’, Byzantion 54 (1999), pp.66, 69.
 * Gutsmiedel-Schumann, Doris, ‘Merovingian Men – Fulltime Warriors? Weapon Graves of the Continental Merovingian Period of the Munich Gravel Plain and the Social and Age Structure of the Contemporary Society – a Case Study’, in Kalle Sognnes, Ragnhild Berge and Marek E. Jasinski (eds), N-TAG TEN: Proceedings of the 10th Nordic TAG Conference at Stiklestad, Norway 2009 (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012), pp.251–61.
 * Haldon, John, Byzantine Praetorians: An Administrative, Institutional and Social Survey of the Opsikion and Tagmata, c. 580–900 (Bonn: Rudolf Halbelt, 1984). Hall, Andrew and Farrel, Jack, ‘Bows and Arrows from Miran, China’, The Journal
 * of the Society of Archer-Antiquaries 51 (2008), pp.89–98.
 * Halsall, Guy, Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West (Cambridge: Cambridge
 * University Press, 2007).
 * ———. ‘Childeric’s Grave, Clovis’ Succession and the Origins of the Merovingian
 * Kingdom’, in Ralph W. Mathisen and Danuta Shanzer (eds), Society and Culture
 * in Late Antique Gaul: Revisiting the Sources (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing,
 * 2001), pp.116–33.
 * ———. ‘The Ostrogothic Military’, in Jonathan Arnold, Shane Bjornlie and
 * Kristina Sessa (eds), A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy (Leiden: Brill, 2016),
 * pp.173–200.
 * ———. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450–900 (London: Routledge,
 * 2003).
 * Harke, Heinrich, review of The Huns, Rome, and the Birth of Europe by Hyun Jin
 * Kim, The Classical Review 64, no.1 (2014), pp.260–62.
 * Harries, Jill, Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome AD 407–485 (Oxford:
 * Clarendon Press, 1994).
 * Hayashi, Toshio, ‘Huns were Xiongnu or not? From theViewpoint of Archaeological
 * Material’, in Han Woo Choi et al. (eds), Altay Communities: Migrations and Emergence of Nations (Istanbul: Istanbul Esnaf ve Sanatkarlar Odalari Birligi, 2014), pp.13–26.
 * Heather, Peter, ‘Disappearing and Reappearing Tribes’, in Walter Pohl and Helmut Reimitz (eds), Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300–800 (Leiden: Brill, 1998), pp.95–112.
 * ———. Empires and Barbarians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009). ———. The Fall of the Roman Empie: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
 * (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
 * ———. The Goths (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998).
 * ———. ‘The Huns and Barbarian Europe’, in Michael Maas (ed.), The Cambridge
 * Companion to the Age of Attila (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015),
 * pp.209–29.
 * ———. ‘The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe’, English
 * Historical Review 110, no. 435 (1995), pp.4–41.
 * Hedeager, Lotte, ‘Scandinavia and the Huns’, Norwegian Archaeological Review 40
 * (2007), pp.42–58.
 * Hildinger, Erik, Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia 500 B.C.
 * to 1700 A.D. (Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2001).
 * Hodgkin, Thomas, Italy and her Invaders (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1880). Hohlfelder, Robert, ‘Marcian’s Gamble: A Reassessment of Eastern Imperial Policy
 * Towards Attila AD 450–453’, American Journal of Ancient History 9 (1984),
 * pp.54–69.
 * Hughes, Ian, Aetius: Attila’s Nemesis (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2012). ———. Belisarius: The Last Roman General (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military,
 * 2009).
 * ———. Patricians and Emperors: The Last Rulers of the Western Roman Empire
 * (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2015).
 * ———. Stilicho: The Vandal Who Saved Rome (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military,
 * 2010).
 * I do think it is reliable now. Hunnic Enjoyer (talk) 14:04, 28 November 2023 (UTC)