Talk:Belongingness

Untitled
1)	Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1f777b59-735e-4eb1-8fa1-b829e97db2e6%40sessionmgr4&vid=2&hid=22

3)	Cockshaw, W., & Shochet, I. (2010). The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An exploration in the workplace interpersonal context. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 283-289. doi:10.1080/00050061003752418 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1d953dc8-1427-4e81-9af1-70ad465c60a1%40sessionmgr11&vid=6&hid=25

4)	Den Hartog, D. N., De Hoogh, A. B., & Keegan, A. E. (2007). The interactive effects of belongingness and charisma on helping and compliance. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1131-1139. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.1131 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f3a93f0e-610d-4c0a-8644-a61c6f308a35%40sessionmgr12&vid=3&hid=22

5)	DeWall, C., Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2008). Satiated with belongingness? Effects of acceptance, rejection, and task framing on self-regulatory performance. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 95(6), 1367-1382. doi:10.1037/a0012632 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=d6dfa145-ba83-4968-828c-a98150e8c0a5%40sessionmgr12&vid=2&hid=22

6)	DeWall, C., Deckman, T., Pond, R. r., & Bonser, I. (2011). Belongingness as a core personality trait: How social exclusion influences social functioning and personality expression. Journal Of Personality, 79(6), 979-1012. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00695.x http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=d6363602-5dbd-4b93-86bb-6aa0745ce765%40sessionmgr11&vid=2&hid=22

7)	Faircloth, B. S., & Hamm, J. V. (2011). The dynamic reality of adolescent peer networks and sense of belonging. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 57(1), 48-72. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=7efb0f74-5484-40d0-b357-b0fa8b010eb1%40sessionmgr10&vid=2&hid=25

8)	Freeman, T. M., Anderman, L. H., & Jensen, J. M. (2007). Sense of belonging in college freshmen at the classroom and campus levels. Journal Of Experimental Education, 75(3), 203-220. doi:10.3200/JEXE.75.3.203-220 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=196f6811-4425-4eb7-b22d-96d65b4576bb%40sessionmgr14&vid=8&hid=25

9)	Grossack, M. M. (1956). Group belongingness among negros. Journal Of Social Psychology, 43(1), 167-180. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=d00cc1e0-b89b-432c-b1ff-e4833399184e%40sessionmgr15&vid=2&hid=22

10)	Gunn, J., Lester, D., Haines, J., & Williams, C. L. (2012). Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in suicide notes. Crisis: The Journal Of Crisis Intervention And Suicide Prevention, 33(3), 178-181. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000123 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1d953dc8-1427-4e81-9af1-70ad465c60a1%40sessionmgr11&vid=6&hid=25

11)	Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance scales. Journal Of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 232-241. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e401357c-3cae-48e8-82c3-0701abf299fc%40sessionmgr13&vid=2&hid=22

12)	 Morrow, J., & Ackermann, M. E. (2012). Intention to persist and retention of first-year students: The importance of motivation and sense of belonging. College Student Journal, 46(3), 483-491. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=417cc9f8-666b-412e-aaca-8935785b8ac6%40sessionmgr4&vid=17&hid=25

13)	Mouratidis, A. A., & Sideridis, G. D. (2009). On social achievement goals: Their relations with peer acceptance, classroom belongingness, and perceptions of loneliness. Journal Of Experimental Education, 77(3), 285-307. doi:10.3200/JEXE.77.3.285-308 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=417cc9f8-666b-412e-aaca-8935785b8ac6%40sessionmgr4&vid=7&hid=25

14)	Newman, B. M., Lohman, B. J., & Newman, P. R. (2007). Peer group membership and a sense of belonging: Their relationship to adolescent behavior problems. Adolescence, 42(166), 241-263. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1551544b-bc4f-4497-8598-b66489a3cf45%40sessionmgr4&vid=2&hid=25

15)	Nichols, S. L. (2008). An Exploration of Students' Belongingness Beliefs in One Middle School. Journal Of Experimental Education, 76(2), 145-169. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=358ca961-921f-428a-b147-6947fe0678ed%40sessionmgr10&vid=5&hid=22

16)	Steger, M. F., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Depression and everyday social activity, belonging, and well-being. Journal Of Counseling Psychology, 56(2), 289-300. doi:10.1037/a0015416 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4a6f6ebc-173d-4f32-9abe-1636cbddde58%40sessionmgr10&vid=2&hid=25

17)	Timmons, K. A., Selby, E. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2011). Parental Displacement and Adolescent Suicidality: Exploring the Role of Failed Belonging. Journal Of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(6), 807-817. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.614584 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=417cc9f8-666b-412e-aaca-8935785b8ac6%40sessionmgr4&vid=14&hid=25

18)	Van Prooijen, J., van den Bos, K., & Wilke, H. M. (2004). Group Belongingness and Procedural Justice: Social Inclusion and Exclusion by Peers Affects the Psychology of Voice. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 87(1), 66-79. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.66 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3a69e19c-9822-4572-93d7-546b8103a7a8%40sessionmgr14&vid=2&hid=22

19)	Van Ryzin, M. J., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2009). Autonomy, Belongingness, and Engagement in School as Contributors to Adolescent Psychological Well-Being. Journal Of Youth & Adolescence, 38(1), 1-12. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9257-4 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f40a7b1e-0e37-438e-88ab-4d1b09f71135%40sessionmgr14&vid=2&hid=22

20)	Walton, G. M., Cohen, G. L., Cwir, D., & Spencer, S. J. (2012). Mere belonging: The power of social connections. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 102(3), 513-532. doi:10.1037/a0025731 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&sid=196f6811-4425-4eb7-b22d-96d65b4576bb%40sessionmgr14&hid=22 --CBriones001 (talk) 18:48, 4 October 2013 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2018 and 10 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jordanfalvey, Alj1007.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 19 August 2021 and 10 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): LauriePierce12. Peer reviewers: LauriePierce12.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Feedback on references
Make sure that you have several broad topics that you can break the research into, so that you can go in depth on those topics. Think about organizing these references under broad headings. Also, make sure that you have covered the biggest most famous articles on this topic (those that have been cited frequently). Also, the Baumeister and Sommer (1997) article is useless if you're not planning to discuss the work that they are responding to (Cross & Madson, 1997).Gseidman (talk) 21:56, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Brief description of plans
Here is a first draft outline of how we would like to plan out our article. We are going to e-mail you the outline version because it does not format on the talk page as we would like. The topics are all based on the research we have found so far.

The article “Belongingness” already has a main summary and four main headings,Psychological Needs, Evolutionary Perspectives, Self-Presentation, and Group Membership. Based on our references thus far, we have included two more main headings called Culture and Behavior/Social Problems. In the main summary, we wanted to include information from Lee’s article, who discusses social connectedness and social assurance scales. Under Psychological Needs, we added a subheading called Attachment, which will discuss interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Under Evolutionary Perspectives, we will discuss social achievement goals. Under Self-Presentation, we will find research from all our references to put under this category. Our largest category is Group Membership. This heading will have three subheadings called Compliance/Helping, Acceptance/Rejection, and Peer Networks. Under Acceptance/Rejection, we will discuss social exclusion and research from both Van articles. Under Peer Networks, we will discuss research found in Schools, the Work Place and Social Connections. Under the new heading Culture, we will discuss Races and Religions. Under the other new heading Behavior/Social Problems, we will discuss the issues of suicide, depression and parental displacement. Every topic will be related back to the topic of belongingness. We are looking to add more main headings as we continue our research. --CBriones001 (talk) 14:40, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Feedback on plan summary
Realize that this plan on the Talk page can also be viewed by other Wikipedians, so it would be best if it were formatted in such a way that it were easy for other Wikipedians to read.

I'm not sure if acceptance/rejection necessarily belongs under the heading of group membership, since acceptance rejection can also occur on the individual level (e.g., being rejected when asking someone out on a date, having a parent disapprove of one's career choice, having a friend refuse to provide help). In fact, rejection/acceptance is actually a broad umbrella. Note that there is already an existing article on Wikipedia on social rejection. You don't want to overlap too much in content with this article, but you would certainly want to link to it at some point and be aware of the importance and breadth of this topic.Gseidman (talk) 19:11, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

Completed Psychological Needs: Attachment --Ndaher7 (talk) 22:07, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

Completed Self-Presentation--Ndaher7 (talk) 05:13, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Completed Group Membership: Conformity & Workplace--Ndaher7 (talk) 02:29, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Completed Acceptance/Rejection--Ndaher7 (talk) 05:13, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Completed Culture--Ndaher7 (talk) 05:13, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Peer Review
I believe that your article is pretty good. You have defined what belonging is and how people are affected by the need. As well as providing good supporting material and have good examples with in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mmosier3 (talk • contribs) 19:55, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Peer Review
Intro: Fixed some typos. The first paragraph is good, I think it clearly explains the topic. The second paragraph was a little difficult to understand. I would take a look at it again and maybe simplify it. Also does the second paragraph have a citation?

Psychological Needs:Fixed a few typos. I like the explanation here. I would maybe put the third paragraph at the end of this section. I think presenting the theories first and then explaining how people differ would make more sense.

Attachments: In the fifth paragraph about being reluctant to leave an abusive relationship the second sentence took me a couple of reads to get what you were saying. I think it just needs to be reworded. Also you may have to fix the neutrality of that sentence. It could imply that only women can be in an abusive relationship. I would just say "individuals are unwilling to leave abusive partners." I really liked this section. It was very well explained and used a lot of research examples to make your points clear. My only suggestion for this section is to break it up into subheadings to make it a little easier to read. For example, the last section deals with losing a social attachment so I would maybe make that its own section. Great job here!

Evolutionary Perspectives: Good!

Self Presentation: Good! Nice example with the business person.

Conformity: Fixed some typos. Good explanation and nice use of the research. I like the set up for this section, very easy to read.

Peer Networks: I would change the headings for school and workplace, they look out of place in italics. Otherwise this section is good and very clear.

Acceptance/Rejection: Can this section be combined with another section? It touches on some of the evolutionary perspectives and psychological needs mentioned before.

Depression/Suicide: Can you give examples of the internalizing and externalizing behaviors you mention at the end?

CStratton22 (talk) 20:51, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Comments on content and referencing
Lead paragraph: It’s not clear what is meant by the phrases “isolation/alienation acts as the catalyst to loyalty” and “affection of belonging”. I also think the second to last sentence is too vague to be of use. There are also no citations for the second half of the paragraph.

Psychological needs: The second paragraph, alludes to a “contemporary viewpoint” and references a Baumeister and Leary article. I think it would be useful to refer to the author names here, since this is an important theory and should be associated with these authors. Also, the name Baumeister is misspelled elsewhere in the article.

The phrase “innately prepared” is problematic.

When referring to Freud, Freud’s work should be cited and internal links to other Wikipedia entries about Freud and about his work on sex and aggression should be included. Also, in this paragraph you mention Baumeister, but be sure to include a citation for Baumeister’s argument here.

Attachments: In this section, a general theory of belongingness is provided. This would make more sense much earlier in the article, as it seems indirectly related to attachment.

Evolutionary perspectives: This section needs to be expanded upon. In addition, at the beginning the evolution article is linked, but the evolutionary psychology article should be linked here too.

Groups: The group membership section seems to be referring to a lot of different research about group membership, yet there is only one citation for the whole thing. Where are citations to research on similarity on each of these factors and attraction?

Conformity: Link to the Wiki article on conformity. I think there is too much detail here about the topic of conformity which really should be part of that article, not this one. Try to focus just on the research that relates directly to belonging and make the connection between the conformity research and belongingness clear. Right now, much of this section feels tangential and it’s not clear how it connects to the main article.

Peer networks: Like the section on conformity, this also seems somewhat tangential. It should be reduced and make sure that it is always clear how it relates to belongingness.

General comments: I think it would be useful to talk more about the consequences of not belonging and to make the point that Baumeister and Leary make (citing them of course), about how this provides evidence that it’s a fundamental human motive. If it wasn’t so fundamental, then lack of belonging wouldn’t have such dire consequences for us. Similarly, you should try to make it clearer how universal this desire is, providing evidence that this need is found across cultures and across different types of people. Once again, you can use research presented in Baumeister and Leary (1995) as a jumping off point for this discussion, being sure to cite both the original research and Baumeister and Leary.

At several points throughout the article, an analysis of others’ research made by Baumeister and Leary is provided. However, the citations for the original research (e.g., Sherif’s robbers cave study, the research on the minimal group paradigm) are never provided. Also, you need to directly give credit to Baumeister and Leary for synthesizing the research in this way. Just having the citation at the end makes it sound like they conducted all these studies. You need to cite the original authors of these studies and make it clear that these interpretations you have are interpretations that Baumeister and Leary came up with.

Citations: When citing the same article multiple times, it would only appear once in the references list. If you are using the old wiki-mark-up, you need to name the reference by using the “ref name” tag and then using that same name when you list the reference again: Help:List-defined references. If you are using the beta editor, whenever you click to add a reference, it will show you your list of previously used references, so you just have to find the reference you want the existing list.Gseidman (talk) 23:47, 1 December 2013 (UTC)

Part Two: Plan PSY 327 Group As the Wilkowski et al. paper suggests, our attention is heightened when our belongingness needs are not being met. While the Belongingness article talks about rejection and acceptance, it does not talk specifically about what we do to self-regulate. The Acceptance/Rejection section of the pages skims the idea, “people developed traits that function to encourage acceptance and to prevent rejection”. We could add the idea about heightened attention to this section.

The Wiki Page and several articles talk about self-regulation, though it is not really explained within the article or in terms of belongingness. This should be more thoroughly explained.

There does not seem to be a section that depicts belongingness from a purely cognitive perspective, whereas there are sections for behavioral/social and evolutionary. Perhaps we can use the info from our articles to change that and make it more distinct.

In the van Prooijen et al. paper, they did an excellent job of making sure all their statements were supported with citations. However, there were a few areas I found where the information they express was either missing or incomplete. First, they talk frequently about fairness in their discussions throughout the article, which is an important aspect of their main relationship looked at (group membership vs. procedural justice), and furthermore, belongingness. Yet, they only conclude that people’s level of inclusion may be a reason why people care about fairness. I think this would have been an amazing area for the researchers to conduct a final experiment in which they try to link this relationship in a more complete manner.

Second, in experiment 3, the researchers state that the relationship between group membership and procedural justice is not explainable due to two possibilities: that voice procedures affirm inclusion in group membership and a sense of belongingness in general. This needs to be looked into more completely because it can help give us a better of the role in which belongingness plays in procedural justice.

Third, I think that the researchers needed to do a better (or more complete) job of identifying what exactly they consider a fair or unfair condition as a function of social inclusion and exclusion, which is an extremely important factor when it comes to someone sense of belongingness. What one participant would view as being somewhat fair or neutral, another participant could view as being completely unreasonable. - Mike

The post discusses belongingness in terms of self-presentation. There is research that suggests that self-presentation is conducted through the use of behavioral mimicry. We could add this research to the section on self-presentation to better educate people on the behaviors that elicit the belongingness need. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BWayne2 (talk • contribs) 17:23, 10 March 2014 (UTC)

Missing word "anxiety"?
Under Attachments https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belongingness#Attachments looking at the sentence "Failing to feel accepted can lead to social and general depression." is the word anxiety missing so that the sentence should read "Failing to feel accepted can lead to social anxiety and general depression." NatterJames (talk) 22:18, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

Criticism
This article is in dire need of a scholarly criticism section. Shall I do it myself, or is someone else so inclined? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.159.97.1 (talk) 06:36, 4 May 2017 (UTC)

attachments section
1, "The death of oneself " (described as a bad experience causing depression, or sg similar) is this a joke or just poor wording?

2, added a citation needed tag to "reasearchers created a minimal group" (to see if group favorism appears in it) as not quite clear what reasearch is referred to. probably NOT the robbers study that the paragraph starts with since neither "minimal" nor "favor" is mentioned in the WP article dealing with the study so naturally arises the question why "some researchers" are mentioned without further reference in the same paragraph and not in a new one instead (and why unreferenced).

3, the whole article seems to deal with a topic which looks very much like a bloated version of a trivial description of one of Maslows five (seven) motivation types. (sounding like "teheres nothing new since maslow but we must pretend to research something so take this: what maslow descibed in a systematic and detailed way may sometimes with some people manifest as ... and here comes the findings". a bit disappointing.  now i get that wikipedia is not to differentiate between meaningful and the pretense of thereof but some editorial judgement could prevent the automatic mirroring of white noise generated by publicational presure in the scientific community. 89.134.199.32 (talk) 20:25, 20 April 2019 (UTC).

Extn
26 2409:4042:2C1D:A571:ADE2:8063:8150:BE3C (talk) 16:20, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

Organization
This article has lots of great information and is written with a great NPOV. However, there is some room for improvement in the organization and flow of the topics. I would suggest rewriting the second half of your lead to give a more accurate representation of the structure of the article. That will help make sure the topics pointed out in the lead actually appear in the article as well as provide another way to think about the best organization. One other suggestion: some of the points in the article are very long winded. A quick editing session looking for ways to simplify some of those longer sections may be beneficial in resenting the information with more precision. Ghosthanson (talk) 22:13, 25 September 2023 (UTC)