Talk:Biological theories of dyslexia

PMID research review papers
[Role of the cerebellum in cognitive and behavioural control: scientific basis and investigation models] Bugalho P, Correa B, Viana-Baptista M. Acta Med Port. 2006 May-Jun;19(3):257-67. Epub 2006 Sep 7. Review. Portuguese. Converging evidence for triple word form theory in children with dyslexia. Richards TL, Aylward EH, Field KM, Grimme AC, Raskind W, Richards AL, Nagy W, Eckert M, Leonard C, Abbott RD, Berninger VW. Dev Neuropsychol. 2006;30(1):547-89. Review. Cerebellar disorders in childhood: cognitive problems. Steinlin M. Cerebellum. 2008;7(4):607-10. Epub 2008 Dec 5. Review. Dyslexia and the anchoring-deficit hypothesis. Ahissar M. Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Nov;11(11):458-65. Epub 2007 Nov 5. Review. On the use of metacontrast to assess magnocellular function in dyslexic readers. Skottun BC. Percept Psychophys. 2001 Oct;63(7):1271-4. Review. Cerebellum and reading. Vlachos F, Papathanasiou I, Andreou G. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2007;59(4):177-83. Review. Developmental dyslexia, learning and the cerebellum. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2005;(69):19-36. Review. Developmental dyslexia: the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ, Dean P. Trends Neurosci. 2001 Sep;24(9):508-11. Review. A few remarks on relating reaction time to magnocellular activity. Skottun BC, Skoyles JR. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007 Nov;29(8):860-6. Epub 2007 Feb 14. Review. On the prevalence of magnocellular deficits in the visual system of non-dyslexic individuals. Skoyles J, Skottun BC. Brain Lang. 2004 Jan;88(1):79-82. Review. The magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia. Stein J. Dyslexia. 2001 Jan-Mar;7(1):12-36. Review. Coherent motion, magnocellular sensitivity and the causation of dyslexia. Skottun BC, Skoyles JR. Int J Neurosci. 2008 Jan;118(1):185-90. Review. The cerebellum and language: the story so far. De Smet HJ, Baillieux H, De Deyn PP, Mariën P, Paquier P. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2007;59(4):165-70. Review. Cerebellar neurocognition: insights into the bottom of the brain. Baillieux H, De Smet HJ, Paquier PF, De Deyn PP, Mariën P. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008 Sep;110(8):763-73. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Review.

There are more review papers included in my collection, "Dyslexia and Cognitive Nuerology, Neurobiology" from NCBI. And in the future will add more collections on User:Dolfrog later. dolfrog (talk) 20:12, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

new citation system:- citations required
found some of the missing citations

no 67 wittion et al Sensitivity to dynamic auditory and visual stimuli predicts nonword reading ability in both dyslexic and normal readers.

no 49 eden et al 1996 The visual deficit theory of developmental dyslexia.

no 11 Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 Biological Mechanisms, Associations, and Pathology: I. A Hypothesis and a Program for Research Arch Neurol. 1985;42(5):428-459. Norman Geschwind, MD; Albert M. Galaburda, MD

no 12 Paulesu et al., 1996 Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from PET scanning. Eraldo Paulesu1,5, Uta Frith2,3,, Margaret Snowling4, Alison Gallagher2, John Morton2,3, Richard S. J. Frackowiak1 and Christopher D. Frith1,3 Oxford Journals Medicine Brain Volume 119, Number 1 Pp. 143-157 http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/119/1/143?ijkey=28df67689c4e0cb71f9f618c1aa3eba4d38c7d90&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

no 13 Paulesu et al., 2001 Dyslexia: cultural diversity and biological unity. Science 16 March 2001: Vol. 291. no. 5511, pp. 2165 - 2167 DOI: 10.1126/science.1057179

no 14 Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks. Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Pugh KR, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, Mencl WE, Constable RT, Naftolin F, Palter SF, Marchione KE, Katz L, Shankweiler DP, Fletcher JM, Lacadie C, Keltz M, Gore JC. JAMA. 1999 Apr 7;281(13):1197-202.

no 19 Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, et al. Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jul 15;52(2):101-10.

dolfrog (talk) 10:40, 23 November 2009 (UTC)


 * Thanks. I fixed 19, 49 and 67 the way you commented. 12, 13 and 14 were already fixed. For 11, why should it be part 1? parts 2 & 3 were also in the same year. See, and .  —Chris Capoccia  T&#8260;C 11:14, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

no 18 Neuroreport. 2001 Feb 12;12(2):299-307. Disrupted neural responses to phonological and orthographic processing in dyslexic children: an fMRI study. Temple E, Poldrack RA, Salidis J, Deutsch GK, Tallal P, Merzenich MM, Gabrieli JD.

no 24 Brain Lang. 1980 Mar;9(2):182-98. Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children. Tallal P.

no 30 Auditory perceptual processing in people with reading and oral language impairments: current issues and recommendations. McArthur GM, Bishop DV. Dyslexia. 2001 Jul-Sep;7(3):150-70. Review.

no 55 Lancet. 1998 Jun 20;351(9119):1849-52. Metabolic abnormalities in developmental dyslexia detected by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rae C, Lee MA, Dixon RM, Blamire AM, Thompson CH, Styles P, Talcott J, Richardson AJ, Stein JF. dolfrog (talk) 11:38, 23 November 2009 (UTC)


 * thanks. fixed 18, 24, 30 and 55 from the PMIDs in your comment. —Chris Capoccia  T&#8260;C 12:36, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

WP:MEDRS
Just a reminder - and this has been previously raised with Dolfrog - the Reliable sources (medicine-related articles) guideline stresses the use of secondary sources:
 * Ideal sources for biomedical material include general or systematic reviews in reliable, third-party, published sources, such as reputable medical journals, widely recognised standard textbooks written by experts in a field, or medical guidelines and position statements from nationally or internationally reputable expert bodies.

The article, however, appears to be sourced largely from isolated primary papers. Gordonofcartoon (talk) 13:19, 23 November 2009 (UTC)


 * yes, but a larger concern right now is verification. there are a lot of citations i've tagged with until i can find complete bibliographic information. feel free to tag the sources you don't feel are reliable with .  —Chris Capoccia  T&#8260;C 14:01, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't see it as a larger concern. It's not that the sources are unreliable; it's that they're primary data points, and we've no idea if the overall picture is supported by anything secondary. The sourcing of the article is completely uncompliant with WP:MEDRS, and this piling-in of primary sources needs to stop in favour of finding secondary ones. Gordonofcartoon (talk) 22:33, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * well, yesterday i wouldn't have been able to say whether half the sources met medrs or not because all that was there was stuff like "Temple et al. 2001" without any further bibliographic info or links or anything. now that i've found the bibliographic info for most of the sources we can start deciding which ones aren't any good. —Chris Capoccia  T&#8260;C 23:43, 23 November 2009 (UTC)


 * and actually, it seems like the sources you don't think meet medrs should be tagged with instead of .  —Chris Capoccia  T&#8260;C 23:57, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

These research papers included are cited as references by as part of my the main references papers for this article. Obviously GordonofCartoon has no idea how research papers authors cite other research papers. And he continually fails to recognise the leading dyslexia researchers. I am not sure I really knows what he is talking about, but is only carrying out a personal vendetta against me. If he were to bothered to read the 300 or more research paper in my Online PubMed Research paper collections 26 regarding dyslexia on my user:dolfrog or provide some alternative research. He appears to have his own private agenda dolfrog (talk) 01:39, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Sources still to be verified
I've found complete bibliographic info for most of the sources, but there are still three that I need help with: There should be some good reasons for deciding which ones are correct. —Chris Capoccia T&#8260;C 21:35, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * 1) "Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985" could be one of three journal articles (or maybe all three?):
 * 2) "Farmer and Klein, 1995" could be one of two articles:
 * 3) "Lovegrove et al., 1980" could be one of two articles:
 * Less likely possibilities are:
 * 1) "Farmer and Klein, 1995" could be one of two articles:
 * 2) "Lovegrove et al., 1980" could be one of two articles:
 * Less likely possibilities are:
 * 1) "Lovegrove et al., 1980" could be one of two articles:
 * Less likely possibilities are:
 * Less likely possibilities are:
 * Less likely possibilities are:

a complete list of references from one one the main sources regarding the various theories of dyslexia

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Temple E, Poldrack RA, Salidis J, Deutsch GK, Tallal P, Merzenich MM, et al. Disrupted neural responses to phonological and orthographic processing in dyslexic children: an fMRI study. Neuroreport 2001; 12: 299–307.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]

van Daal V, van der Leij A. Developmental dyslexia: Related to specific or general deficits? Ann Dyslex 1999; 49: 71–104.

van der Lely HK. Specifically language impaired and normally developing children: Verbal passive vs. adjectival passive sentence interpretation. Lingua 1996a; 98: 243–72.[CrossRef][Web of Science]

van der Lely HKJ. The Test of Active and Passive Sentences (TAPS). Available from the author at the Centre for Developmental Language Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience. London: University College London; 1996b and http://www.ucl.ac.uk/DLDCN/tests.html.

van der Lely HKJ. Advanced-Syntactic test of Pronominal reference (A-STOP). Available from the author at the Centre for Developmental Language Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience. London: University College London; UK, 1997 and http://www.ucl.ac.uk/DLDCN/tests.html.

van der Lely HKJ, Stollwerck L. Binding theory and grammatical specific language impairment in children. Cognition 1997; 62: 245–90.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]

van Ingelghem M, van Wieringen A, Wouters J, Vandenbussche E, Onghena P, Ghesquière P. Psychophysical evidence for a general temporal processing deficit in children with dyslexia. Neuroreport 2001; 12: 3603–7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]

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All of which can be found in the reference section of Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults or Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults.

I hope this helps there are other papers if you need them dolfrog (talk) 01:59, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

copyright violation
pretty much this entire article is a copy-paste from a major journal article

Copyright problem: Theories of dyslexia
pretty much this entire article is a copy-paste.

oops. actually, it looks like I should have reverted it. Neuromusic (talk) 15:32, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

I take that back. I don't think it can be reverted, as the early revisions are simply summarized (but still verbatim copying) from Ramus et al, 2003. Neuromusic (talk) 15:38, 15 October 2010 (UTC)


 * I have followed the temporary article link, and created a copyright free version of this article. This article was part of a massive re-organisation by Wikipedia dyslexia project last year, when the main dyslexia article was summerised and many sub articles were created to provide more in depth information with regard to some of the more specialised areas. Unfortunately at the same time dyslexia research moved on and the old theories of dyslexia, although important became less significant. Sorry that we did not get back to copy edit this article earlier. dolfrog (talk) 21:35, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the rewrite. Content should never be pasted onto Wikipedia, even if temporarily, unless it comes from a source that is Public domain or compatibly licensed. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 20:34, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). The material was copied from: http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/126/4/841.full. Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Moonriddengirl (talk) 20:34, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

University of Rennes photoreceptor study
I just posted a paragraph on the University of Rennes study that was published last year. While it is does involve visual impairment, I'm not 100% that this is exactly what is meant by the "visual theory" subheader. Would someone more familiar with the culture of dyslexia and dyslexia theory please confirm that I put this information in the right place? Darkfrog24 (talk) 13:49, 21 February 2018 (UTC)

Vertigo and dyslexia
I moved this here. This is all primary sources (and some spam) and is a bunch of WP:SYN.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Physician Tapani Rahko has tested some 10 000 patients aged 3,5 years to 94 during over 10 years with his positional vertigo tests. The reading speed of patients was measured before and after positional treatments in some 3500 cases to obtain information on the effect. The reading speed of dyslexic patients was increased by an average of 40% after the treatment. The research identified benign paroxysmal positional vertigo causing dyslexia through increasing the amount of involuntary rapid eye movement, making it difficult for patients to focus on a word prior to treatment. Treating the vertigo reduced the involuntary eye movement, easing reading. Multiple Finnish schools are in process of testing vertigo treatment in helping dyslexic children to great effect.

An independently validated study by Frank and Levinson in 1973 indicated that 97% of 115 dyslexics evidenced neurological and electronystagmographic signs of a dysfunction within the inner-ear and its supercomputer—the cerebellum. Dyslexia was postulated to occur when impaired ocular-motor fixation and sequential tracking due to a subclinical nystagmus of inner-ear and cerebellar origin scrambled the letter and word signals during reading and thus secondarily interfered with their cerebral cortical and related brain processing. A follow-up study of 4,000 learning disabled and dyslexics in 1988 further validated the hypotheses. Utilizing an optokinetic instrument, dyslexics were shown to have significantly reduced ocular-motor fixation, sequential tracking and visual span capacities as well as abnormal signal scrambling vs controls. Inner-ear-enhancing anti-motion sickness medications were clinically recognized to improve most all reading and non-reading dyslexic symptoms and mechanisms. Later research suggested that a majority of those with fears, phobias and related anxiety disorders have cerebellar-vestibular determinants and deficits as well as related abnormal optokinetic tracking, visual span and signal capacities vs controls.

I did a pubmed search for "vertigo and dyslexia" and there are one review PMID 16007238, which is a 2005 review on uses for Piracetam, so this is not appropriate for WP. Jytdog (talk) 03:30, 21 November 2018 (UTC)