Talk:Bruxism/Archive 1

Gurning redirect
Why does "gurning" redirect here? porge 07:06, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Because, at least where I come from, when recreational drugs are involved, this is known as 'gurning' 86.151.189.104 (talk) 03:31, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

External link appeal
What is the problem with this site that prevents its inclusion as an external link? &mdash; Lee J Haywood 8 July 2005 06:55 (UTC)
 * I get an error when clicking on that link. --71.168.124.11 (talk) 09:55, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

For what it is worth, I found this website http://www.is.wayne.edu/mnissani/bruxnet/advice.htm to be so valuable when I was searching online several years ago. It seems to have been kept up to date, too. If you are suffering from bruxium, you may be frantically searching online for answers. Congratulations on figuring out the name of the problem, bruxium, because I went to three dentists who had no clue what it was called. I eventually had to educate myself on the subject matter, and the above mentioned website helped a lot. You're going to have to educate yourself on this one, because the field is full of sharks trying to make money on your long-term suffering. --71.168.124.11 (talk) 09:55, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

BiteStrip
The BiteStrip article has the following description of Bruxism:


 * Sleep Bruxism (SB) is a serious medical disorder, characterized by involuntary grinding and clenching of teeth during sleep. It is often accompanied by unpleasant grinding sounds heard by the bed-partner or roommate when they are awake and watching you sleep. Symptoms include wearing of teeth, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction or pain, chewing difficulties, headaches and daytime sleepiness. The prevalence of SB is estimated at 14%-20% in children and 8% in adults. Diagnosis of SB is usually based on clinical examination and patient history. However, none of the signs and symptoms may be considered conclusive. Another alternative has been to send the patient to a sleep lab for an overnight test. The high cost of a lab visit has been a barrier for many to confirm their condition before damage to the teeth occurs.

I note that we don't have the same information in this article. Perhaps we can a) find a reference for those numbers and b)include this info in the main article. Jarich 03:31, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

The infinitive is "to brux".
Just to explain my having deleted this line--the etymology of the word, as given (βρυγμός), is a noun. There are not infinitives to nouns. If there were an infinitive, I'd assume the proper route would be to give the infinitive of the word itself, not of its English transliteration. Simply, it would be redundant, in an article on "running," to put "The infinitive is 'to run'." Anyway, minor edit... --Mrcolj 06:12, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Rating
I marked this article as a Start-class and as having high importance. There is a good amount of information in the article currently, though I think a lot more is still missing. A picture is needed. I considered the article as having high importance since it is a very common dental finding and is something important to resolve. - Dozenist talk  18:19, 5 November 2006 (UTC)


 * A picture of what? A mouth guard?   &mdash; Lee J Haywood 19:22, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Mouth guard, teeth with attrition, a bite that shows evidence of grinding... yeah, things of that nature. - Dozenist talk  19:49, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Show pictures of abfractions, what teeth that have grinding look like, attrition, mouth guards... Makes perfect sense to me. Why not? -ForestAngel 15:22, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

I stumbled across this page and saw the note that it needs to be copyedited. I'm a professional editor, so I ran through it and made a few minor changes. I hope this helps. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.65.173.128 (talk) 18:54, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm sure nobody would object to good images, it's just a matter of obtaining them, free of copyright issues. Of U.S. government sites, I found one low-resolution image on the National Insitute of Health's site, of apparently severe bruxism, that may be suitable. It says explicitly that the material isn't copyrighted. There's also an image of one bruxism-damaged tooth in wikimedia commons, and a picture of a [dental splint] of some sort, but without a detailed description...some splints are meant to adjust occlusion, not protect against bruxism. -Agyle 04:28, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Research?
I would like to know where this research came from that said most people grind their teeth to some degree. I myself grind my teeth at night and no one else I know does it. Can I have a link where this specific quote came from? A statistic? The demographic? If the study group were all adults and lived in the city than these results are invalid and biased. I'd also like some information on how I can fix this. I seem to start grinding my teeth for short intervals every sleep cycle. Why? Help? ForestAngel 15:18, 20 November 2006 (UTC)


 * (I don't know anything about the statistics). The article says that bruxism is the result of a reflex chewing action, and that there is no known cure.  Doctors and dentists typically prescribe low doses of tricyclic antidepressants which can reduce the symptoms in some people, though this is really an off-label prescription.  In theory it should be possible to determine the underlying cause of an individual's bruxing through a process of elimination, but in reality a doctor will just try a number of different prescriptions.  Biofeedback seems to be the best solution, but doesn't seem to be something a typical GP would be able to offer.   &mdash; Lee J Haywood 21:46, 20 November 2006 (UTC)


 * My dentist has sold me a night guard which is some flexible plastic, and which works well. It is custom-fitted, so the process of getting it required two visits, then a third visit when it turned out to be slightly oversize, so it could be trimmed. A friend of mine reports that his girlfriend, who suffers from bruxism, finds relief from a before-sleep neck massage, which would indicate stress being the issue. Chazz 23:07, 23 January 2007 (UTC)


 * Stress is a particular problem, particularly when you're not aware of it. Our ability to deal with a given amount of stress and anxiety diminishes with age, and stress hormones affect the perception of pain (from any associated muscle tension) by the brain.  Once a state of chronic pain is reached, it can be very difficult to find a treatment which breaks the cycle of tension and pain.   &mdash; Lee J Haywood 09:56, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Lots of unsubstantiated claims in this article. The descriptions for bio-feedback devices and botox treatment read like they were copied from product advertisements. Furthermore, there is no information on commonly recommended TMJ specialist treatments, such as re-alignment. --71.168.124.11 (talk) 09:03, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Magnesium supplement
I have experimented supplementing with magnesium citrate prior to going to sleep (300-600mg doses), and I have found that it definitely helps relieve quite a bit of the muscular tension (and cramps/spasms) in the jaw. I have asked a few doctors about this and they also agreed that magnesium can be a beneficial supplement for some people. I don't know if anyone wants to mention that in the article though...


 * There's already a mention in the article, "There is limited evidence that suggests taking certain combinations of vitamin supplements may alleviate bruxism. " A few cases of magnesium supplements helping people with bruxism isn't really enough to warrant a direct mention in an encyclopedia, as it is effectively original research.  If there are at least a couple of peer-reviewed trials that demonstrate cause and effect, then that would be a different matter.  Thanks.  &mdash; Lee J Haywood 20:28, 24 May 2007 (UTC)


 * Okay, I apologize for my last post. I thought the page had gone completely in one direction and I thought there was trying to be justification for it's removal (and my skimming made me think it was gone) and claim that it was the original research. I am sorry about that, I am overly defensive about certain medical topics that in my experience, are left to rot; and I didn't mean to make completely inaccurate accusations as I did. 206.248.168.241 06:09, 5 June 2007 (UTC)


 * I have also experimented with magnesium citrate (300-600mg) doses and have noticed that it has been helpful in alleviating some of the jaw's muscular tension. I still use magnesium supplement to this day and it is still helping.


 * Really. Could you tell me where I can get some of this? Does it stop the grinding or just the pain? Mine has gotten so bad that my jaw's been offset because of grinding, my teeth have been ground down a bit, and my jaw pops when I chew anything of a greater consistency than a french fry. Does it at least help with the popping? ForestAngel 11:03, 16 August 2007 (UTC)


 * Me too; where can I find it, and are there any side-effects? How toxic is it? Tony 06:25, 18 August 2007 (UTC)


 * Hey there, I know your message is dated quite a while back but If it's any help to anyone still reading this, Magnesium CITRATE (what I use) or CHERATED is the stuff you want. You can find it in pretty much any pharmacy or health food store, and at the doses used to elleviate bruxism it is compeltely beneficial, it works as a muscle relaxent (hence relaxing your jaw muscles). Hope I help 92.13.148.242 (talk) 20:27, 18 December 2012 (UTC)


 * You know, I read this about six weeks ago when I was researching bruxism again, and I was very skeptical. However, I did have some multivitamins on-hand that contained 100mg of magnesium, so I thought I would give it a shot.  One tablet a day really did the trick for me, or at least it resolved the soreness with a wonderful placebo effect.  Just wanted to thank you for posting your comments, and I wanted to encourage other bruxism sufferers to give this a try, too.  Very little risk in buying a bottle of multivitamins, especially compared to costly medical treatments.  --71.168.124.11 (talk) 01:41, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Please read WP:NOTAFORUM, thanks. Lesion ( talk ) 18:34, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Pictures
It would be very helpful for bruxers like myself to have pictures of, I don't know, night guards and the like. I, myself, have TMJ problems as a result of bruxism. I also have a nightguard-retainer combo (which I've lost) but once I find it, I can take upload a pic of it. Until then, could someone get a pic of a bruxism night guard? It would help with the quality of the article. ForestAngel 11:03, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I could do this, but mine is not exactly crystal-clean. Tony   (talk)  03:03, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Biofeedback
I'm adding information about these devices—the two that I know of. Unfortunately, I don't think there's any scientific research on their effectiveness. I can vouch personally that the Oralsensor, despite appallingly bad design and a seemingly chaotically run producer, is quite effective. I'm about to order another, since the one I bought two years ago had technical problems (because I tampered with it). Anyone else had experience of them? Tony 06:28, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Afraid so. While I appreciate that it's difficult to invent stuff and expensive to manufacture things on a very small scale, I found the OralSensor to be a big disappointment, especially for the price. There is only one pneumatic sensor, on only one side of the teethplate - whereas there really ought to be a sensor on each side. With my mandible deflected toward the sensorless side, I am able to bite down quite hard on that side without setting off the alarm - my not-so-amazing teeth (big overbite) may or may not be a major factor in that. I also found that the earpiece speaker makes a very quiet, rapid ticking noise even when the alarm is not going off; that the earpiece hurts my ear and often falls out overnight if I move in my sleep; that the threshhold of the sensor appears to wander significantly from where I have set it, etc. Basically US$200 down the drain for me. I'm glad it worked for you, and maybe it works for many or most people, warts and all; I have no way of knowing. I'm guessing you probably don't roll over in your sleep as much as me, are less irritable than I am (like 99.9% of the population), and maybe have straighter teeth/jaws and/or are less prone to brux with your mandible off to one side. Anyway, I hope people will not overrate one single person's bad experience, but that is my experience. Regardless of the particularities of my experience, it's certain that the thing is not what one would call "solidly-made" - if you are used to getting something of high quality for US$200 - well you're not going to. -Computer Man, 8 Jan 2008


 * May be better to email if there's more to debate. I thought OralSensor was good, but I agree that it's stupidly designed. Yes, the bulbous apparatus in your ear is very uncomfortable, and I do sleep on my sides and toss and turn during the night. I had to resort to sticking plaster every night to fix it in place on my ear, can you believe. And the non-replaceable battery—well, that's a joke. Why didn't you make the mold on your lower teeth so that the pneumatic pouch is on the correct side for your condition?
 * On a more practical matter, the company is absolutely hopeless and unresponsive. I wanted to buy another (battery and pouch worn out), and ordered via their site on the Internet. No response. I emailed their contact address. No response. Tony   (talk)  06:19, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

"Why didn't you make the mold on your lower teeth so that the pneumatic pouch is on the correct side for your condition?" - Perhaps that would work; I assume, though, that I probably could/do brux with my mandible bent toward either the left or the right. In speaking of "deflection," I didn't mean that my mandible is deformed by being deflected to one side - I just meant that I can (voluntarily, while awake, and perhaps also in sleep) move my mandible toward the side opposite the sensor, and can in that position bite down hard without triggering the sensor. The only teeth/jaw "abnormality" I have is a strong overbite, which I think is pretty common. -Computer Man, 1 Feb 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.100.86.106 (talk) 19:59, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
How does one pronounce 'bruxism' - is the 'x' silent? Davez621 16:58, 11 October 2007 (UTC)


 * No, the X is prononuced. See dictionary.com. -Agyle 00:36, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Professional treatment, mail order removal
I removed links to two mail-order companies, as I felt they weren't necessary or appropriate here. I left in that they exist, and if someone wants to find such companies, it's easy to do via google. I also added some information to temper the suggestion of saving money through these services. It sounded somewhat like a parroting of the marketing on the websites, but omitted that the websites themselves recommend professional treatment in their legal disclaimers. I cited an article from Britsh Dental Journal and some lecture notes from a Univ. of Michigan professor on the reasons for professional treatment. If there is scientific dispute about those recommendations, it's fine to mention that, but that, too, should supply some reliable source as a reference. My impression (and I could be wrong) is that no scientific literature would suggest unsupervised use of an over-the-counter or mail-order nightguard. -Agyle 00:47, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

NEW VERSION
Hi, I created a partly new version under User:Cyrus Grisham/Bruxism. I hope thats Ok and would be gladful, if you could check for mistakes, feedback etc. THX −−Cyrus Grisham 20:36, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I just copied itbach here. I thinkitis easier to do here... mfg --Cyrus Grisham 22:28, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Spate of edits: unreferenced statements to unreferenced statements
I refer to this one:

"Sufferers may find that meditation and relaxation techniques, like any other tactic to reduce stress, may help to reduce teeth grinding."

is now: "Sufferers may find that meditation and relaxation techniques may help to reduce teeth grinding."

I've no reason to believe either of them. Where do they come from? References please? Tony  (talk)  10:19, 28 November 2007 (UTC)


 * Hi Tony1, one risk factor is "High levels of anxiety and/or stress" and meditation(see also: Health applications and clinical studies of meditation)) and relaxation techniques _may_ reduce stress and/or anxiety (Still the standart risk factor for dentists in Germany. They normally nerver think about the nasal flow or other reasons). However, this ist just one risk factors. If for example someone (can be unreckonized by this person!) is suffering from another Sleep disorder and if this is treated succesfully than bruxism may be reduced or even eliminated! So I don't think that it is neccessary to reference that, but I think it might be good to "split" the Treatment section into the "reduction or elemination of the riskfactors" and treatment to avoid further damage to the teeth. What do you think? --Cyrus Grisham (talk) 18:21, 28 November 2007 (UTC)


 * Well, I think that each factor needs a reference, because the field is so under-researched and prone to guesswork. I've changed the title to "Associated factors". Tony   (talk)  02:44, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

New redirect/term inclusion
I'd like to suggest adding a redirect to this page from Bricomania, as can be found in the Portuguese version of this page. I'd also like to suggest that bricomania be added as a substitute term, though it appears not to be in common usage among English-speakers (did a Google search, nothing came up in English, but a lot of Portuguese and possibly other Latinate websites did appear). -- 98.223.201.239 (talk) 01:43, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Brygmus - odontoprisis?
Also written: brygmus and has this synonym: odontoprisis? Or what?--89.160.136.166 (talk) 22:50, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Acid Reflux
There's a correlation between acid reflux and bruxism: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14655925?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubme%20d_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinal%20pos=14 Apparently the reflux can come up high enough to irritate some nerves and muscles that control jaw function and trigger bruxism.

Pinworm/Enterobius vermicularis?
I've read conflicting information about enterobius vermicularis causing bruxism in children. If that's true or false, I'd like to read about it in the article's page (especially if one can find any citation). Guillep2k (talk) 04:49, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Drug Treatments
The article makes it sound like there's no drug treatments for bruxism so I created a Wiki compiling various studies and drugs that have efficacy:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:JoeGabriell/Bruxism

I also want to mention that I've suffered with bruxism for 7 years now, and the best treatment I've tried so far has been the drug Buspar 5MG 2 x a day. It's already accepted as an antidote to SSRI induced bruxism [1]  It worked good for me in the absence of an SSRI. It took about 2 weeks of usage before i felt any effects from it.

The herb Rhodiola Rosea helped me for a short while, possibly because of it's MAO inhibition. But I built tolerance to it after a couple weeks.

The drug Remeron also helped. My doctor switched me from Prozac - which made my jaw tension unbearable - to Remeron, and the jaw tension completely went away

Teeth grinding linked to sleep apnea
Not too surprisingly a study links bruxism and sleep apnea, again. Here is the link:. Some "new" stuff, but at least a reference link would be appropiate, I think. A good idea? Cyrus Grisham (talk) 17:49, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Advertisement in article?
I don't edit wikipedia so I'm not sure on the guidelines, but this paragraph reads a bit like an advertisement and I don't think the price of a product is encyclopedic. "The second type of EMG measurement available to consumers is a self-contained EMG measurement headband sold under the trade name SleepGuard, available on loan from some dentists or at a rental rate of $50 per month from the manufacturer. The EMG measurement headband does not require adhesive electrodes or wires attached to the face. While it does not record the exact time, duration, and strength of each clenching incident as the most expensive bedside EMG monitors do, it does record the total number of clenching incidents and the total clenching time each night. These two numbers easily distinguish clenching from rhythmic grinding and allow dentists to quantify severity levels accurately." 59.100.223.146 (talk) 09:01, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

"Causes" needs correction and improvement
"Bruxism is a habit rather than a reflex chewing activity..." This paragraph is already noted as needing citations, but it's also either inaccurate or inadequate.

If "habit" and "reflex" have specific or precise medical meanings, they should be explained/cited/referenced/whatever. If these are just common usage of the words, the information is incorrect. Bruxism is a fairly common adverse reaction to some medications, especially ones that act on the parasympathetic nervous system (such as some ADHD medications). Can an expert improve this? Thx. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Smittee (talk • contribs) 06:49, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Is gum recession a symptom?
Can anyone point me to a source for the listing of gum recession as a symptom of bruxism? The National Library of Medicine page which is cited for the symptoms section lists sensitivity to hot/cold, but not gum recession. Gum recession appears to have been added to the symptoms list by RagingDog on 25 Jan 2011. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Granule (talk • contribs) 03:54, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

No article for nti-tss?
shouldn't there be one? --46.66.7.233 (talk) 17:17, 12 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it deserves just a section in this article, don't you? Tony   (talk)  03:20, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

/font> 19:49, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Show pictures of abfractions, what teeth that have grinding look like, attrition, mouth guards... Makes perfect sense to me. Why not? -ForestAngel 15:22, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

I stumbled across this page and saw the note that it needs to be copyedited. I'm a professional editor, so I ran through it and made a few minor changes. I hope this helps.

Multiple issues
This article needs a lot of attention


 * Remove primary sources, e.g. this is a primary source, and importantly it is very weak evidence since it based on 10 patients- not acceptable to support statements like "Calcium is known to be a treatment for gastric problems, and gastric problems such as acid reflux are known to increase bruxism." If no secondary sources can be found to support statements like this, it should be removed.
 * Remove unsupported content, or ideally find suitable supporting citations
 * address undue weight in treatment section, in reality modalities like biofeedback are not widely used to treat bruxism. Lesion  ( talk ) 14:15, 16 May 2013 (UTC)


 * How suitable is this as an external link for this page:


 * http://www.is.wayne.edu/MNISSANI/BRUXNET/advice.htm

Apart from "last updated 2007" and the poor formatting of the webpage, this appears to be a compilation of primary studies to support a personal view. Since it is not peer reviewed, or published in a proper journal, the neutrality of this information is called into question, particularly with regards magnesium supplementation which so far I have not found in any secondary source of this topic. Lesion ( talk ) 22:02, 16 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Yup, that MNISSANI advice page link has to go. There's a lot of advert/info stuff on bruxism around. We need to be vigilant. We are vulnerable to this because there is SO little good research on the topic (and much of the research has involved regrettably small samples). I think some of the small-sample stuff probably needs to be weighed against this paucity. Tony   (talk)  10:46, 17 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Re. magnesium and other dietary supplements for bruxism, the Cochrane review "Pharmacotherapy for sleep bruxism" does not seem to mention any of these. I wonder how mainstream these are or are they complimentary and alternative medicine? Not saying that we should delete this content if it is alternative medicine, just that it should be described accurately in terms of how commonly it is used and what formal evidence there is available...rather than presented alongside better studied treatments. This might be difficult to do as you say that there is mainly small cohort studies, (i.e. primary sources, which we shouldn't normally be using excessively per WP:MEDRS). Last resort would be to link to a CAM source, making sure to describe it as as alternative medicine in the article.
 * It would also be good to include "Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding)." - the 2008 Cochrane review in the section for Dental guards and splints, although I note we already have a 2010 review there which is good. Lesion  ( talk ) 14:56, 17 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Lesion, I haven't looked in detail at what you've done, but the text below is encouraging. Nice work. Tony   (talk)  13:08, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

WP:MEDRS?
I've gone through each reference here and most have problems (see list) and should eventually be removed according to wikipedias sourcing policies for medical content wp:medrs. Ideally the content they support could be supported instead by secondary sources, and if no suitable sources can be found, this indicates that the content shouldn't be included.
 * - this is a wikipedia mirror site, why are we referencing an old version of our own article? I'm removing this, I think most would agree with this... ✅
 * "'A habitual behavior, and a sleep disorder.'" - needs to be shown to have come from a published source that meets MEDRS, and the definition isn't greatly contributory anyway, so I'll remove for now. ✅
 * - can't assess since the link is broken. Remove for now since the ICSD-R source will support what this dead link is currently supporting. ✅
 * found this on pubmed, and it is a primary source, so removed. ✅
 * http://www.parasomnias.com/html/teeth-grinding.php3 - another dead link, can't assess. Looks like this website has completely gone when you search in google. Removed for now. ✅
 * how reliable is http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/b/bruxism.htm as a source? It is a very brief article, sandwiched inbetween lots of adverts and other links, with no references and then ends by telling us to go to wikipedia for more info...not medrs, removed ✅
 * Rintakoski, Katariina; Hublin, Christer; Lobbezoo, Frank; Rose, Richard J.; and Kaprio, Jaakko (2012). Genetic Factors Account for Half of the Phenotypic Variance in Liability to Sleep-Related Bruxism in Young Adults: A Nationwide Finnish Twin Cohort Study. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 15, pp. 714­–719. DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.54 found on pubmed, and it is a primary source, I think one of the secondary sources later added refers to this study, so we can get rid of the primary source itself.✅
 * ^ a b c d Ohayon MM, Li KK, Guilleminault C (January 2001). "Risk factors for sleep bruxism in the general population". Chest 119 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1378/chest.119.1.53. . primary source ✅
 * ^ Kobayashi Y, Yokoyama M, Shiga H, Namba N. Sleep Condition and Bruxism in Bruxist. already tagged as a possible self-published source, and it is also a primary source. ✅
 * ^ a b c Oksenberg A, Arons E (November 2002). "Sleep bruxism related to obstructive sleep apnea: the effect of continuous positive airway pressure". Sleep Medicine 3 (6): 513–5. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00130-2. . primary source ✅
 * ^ Ng DK, Kwok KL, Poon G, Chau KW (November 2002). "Habitual snoring and sleep bruxism in a paediatric outpatient population in Hong Kong". Singapore Medical Journal 43 (11): 554–6. . primary source ✅
 * ^ Lurie O, Zadik Y, Einy S, Tarrasch R, Raviv G, Goldstein L (February 2007). "Bruxism in military pilots and non-pilots: tooth wear and psychological stress". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 78 (2): 137–9. . primary source ✅
 * ^ Chen WH, Lu YC, Lui CC, Liu JS (February 2005). "A proposed mechanism for diurnal/nocturnal bruxism: hypersensitivity of presynaptic dopamine receptors in the frontal lobe". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 12 (2): 161–3. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.07.007. . primary source - sounds like a very small case series (n=3) ✅
 * ^ "Nac/glutamate". escholarship. May 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-11. primary source, and also seems like WP:OR to propose that this is of relevance to bruxism. ✅
 * ^ Nissani, Moti. "When the Splint Fails: Non-Traditional Approaches to the Treatment of Bruxism". Already tagged as a possible self-published source. Although it describes itself as a review, and includes a list of references, since there is no peer review, these references may have been cherry picked to support a personal view, and therefore the validity of the information is called into question. ✅
 * ^ Widmalm, Sven E. (2004-10-27). "Use and Abuse of Bite Splints". Retrieved 2007-10-14. Already tagged as a self-published source, and the link has since broken, but can be found on pubmed, and seems like a secondary source so I will update the link ✅, but not ideal since WP:MEDDATE issue.
 * ^ "Nociceptive trigeminal inhibition—tension suppression system: a method of preventing migraine and tension headaches.". PubMed. Retrieved 13 May 2010. can't access, but the abstract suggests it is a primary source. Someone needs to clarify this please. * see below
 * ^ a b Jadidi F, Castrillon E (2007). "Effect of conditioning electrical stimuli on temporalis electromyographic activity during sleep". Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. primary source ✅
 * ^ Nissani, Moti. "Unrecommended bruxism treatments". Retrieved 2007-10-15.[self-published source?]. Tagged correctly as a self published source. Again, although a list of references is included, there is no peer review making it an unsuitable source. ✅
 * ^ Rugh, JD; Johnson RW (May 1981). "Temporal analysis of nocturnal bruxism during EMG feedback". J Periodontol. . primary source ✅
 * ^ Piccione, A; Coates TJ (Dec 1982). "Nocturnal biofeedback for nocturnal bruxism". Biofeedback Self Regul. . primary source ✅
 * ^ Rigmor Jensen et al: http://bruksizm.net/images/IADR_2011_abstract_Jensen_et_al_Effect_of_functional_electrical_ link broken. ✅
 * ^ Moti Nissani, Ph.D. "The Taste-Based Approach to the Prevention of Teeth Clenching and Grinding" Several times this name has cropped up with self published material. If they are adding this info themselves, please read WP:COI and possibly also WP:UNDUE. No link is given, but a google search of this phrase yeilds a patent: by Nissani M. Unsuitable as a source for medical info on wikipedia. ✅
 * ^ Martos-Díaz P, Rodríguez-Campo FJ, Bances-del Castillo R, Altura-Guillén O, Cho-Lee GY, Mancha-de la-Plata M, Escorial-Hernandez V. (January 2011). "Lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia. A new technique for treatment with botulinum toxin guided by electromyography and arthroscopy". Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal 16 (1): 96–99. . case report and primary source ✅
 * ^ Schwartz M, Freund B (2002). "Treatment of temporomandibular disorders with botulinum toxin". The Clinical Journal of Pain 18 (6 Suppl): S198–203. doi:10.1097/00002508-200211001-00013. . can't access, seems ok from abstract. Someone needs to clarify this. * see below
 * ^ Guarda-Nardini L, Manfredini D, Salamone M, Salmaso L, Tonello S, Ferronato G (April 2008). "Efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating myofascial pain in bruxers: a controlled placebo pilot study". Cranio 26 (2): 126–35. . primary source I think one of the later added secondary sources refers to this study, so it is ok to remove this. ✅
 * ^ Ploceniak C (1990). "[Bruxism and magnesium, my clinical experiences since 1980]". Revue De Stomatologie et De Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale (in French). 91 Suppl 1: 127. . primary source...we need a secondary source discussing magnesium as a treatment of bruxism, otherwise it is likely a fringe theory and may not be notable to mention. ✅
 * ^ Miyawaki et al (2003). "Nocturnal Bruxism and Gastroesophageal Reflux". SLEEP, Vol. 26, No. 7, 2003: 888. primary source (n=10, v weak evidence, not notable theory of a link between GERD and bruxism unless a secondary source can be found). ✅ Lesion  ( talk ) 10:25, 18 May 2013 (UTC)


 * After removeing non MEDRS sources, botox treatment section needs better referencing and the biofeedback section is completely unrefernced. This doesn't surprise me since I didn't think this was mainstream treatment, and is likely used mainly by researchers rather than in the real world. Need secondary source for that section, and also may have to reduce its length on grounds of wp:undue. Lesion  ( talk ) 12:18, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

* Transcluded comment from user:Scray when asked if these sources were suitable on WT:MED: "An important consideration when making such a determination is, "for what claim?" That said, from the abstract of the Shankland reference I have the impression (with phrases like, "As a result of this study, it appears ...") that it is a primary report, so it's unlikely to be a secondary source for much of anything (it's also from a very specialized journal of low impact). Schwartz & Freund appears is a review article about the use of botulinum toxin for treating facial pain, but it's published in a supplement with the note: "Publication of this supplement was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc". Elan Pharmaceuticals markets "Myobloc" (botulinum toxin). I would be cautious in using that." Based on this advice, removed these sources. Lesion ( talk ) 13:59, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

Cochrane reviews available
Epidemiology systematic review
 * 
 * Lesion ( talk ) 20:48, 16 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Lesion ( talk ) 18:45, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

Magnesium
Suggest that mention of a possible link between magnesium and bruxism be moved to the history section, and phrased:

Lesion ( talk ) 18:30, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I support removing all mention of "Dietary Supplements" in the treatments sections as I can't find a single reliable secondary source mentioning anything to support them, much less any randomized controlled trials. It is acceptable to add the above text to the "History" section outside of the treatment section.Sthubbar (talk) 20:02, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Occlusion definitions
Need some kind of intro to explain what occlusal interference means, if this term is used as a section title, but the terms used don't really have any fixed definition from one source to another. Might be better to remove mention of things like "premature contact", "deflective interference" etc. Lesion  ( talk ) 19:36, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Reflux / GERD and bruxism
We have a few primary studies (n=10)(n=9) and some sources not from peer reviewed journals, or advertising and a case report  which suggest that there may be a link between GERD and bruxism.

Several times I have come across people trying to link GERD with various other conditions, and because GERD is so common, it is very easy to produce apparently related conditions at the case report level. When the correct statistical analyses are made on data of any larger size, there is no significant correlation between GERD and the other condition. I would therefore be skeptical of this link even if someone showed me larger studies suggesting a link, but here the most we have is few primary sources based on about 10 people each and a case report. Whilst these may be enough "evidence" for science daily and for people to post boring stories on curezone, just to emphasize that we need a WP:MEDRS source for any medical content on wikipedia, and I have not been able to find anything to support a statement that bruxism is linked to GERD. If someone can find such a source it might be good to include it, assuming however that most people think it is notable enough to be mentioned. Any reliable source on bruxism I read does not mention GERD, and therefore I think it is a fringe theory with no evidence. Lesion ( talk ) 23:52, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Possibly Lobbezoo 2006 may be useful...although it basically says the relationship is unknown. Lesion  ( talk ) 00:45, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) / Calcium and bruxism
Similar situation as with magnesium. Primary source from 1970 uncited by any other paper, but described in a source we can't use here  (which again talks about hte same 2 publications about magnesium in addition): "Earlier, a similar logic led Cheraskin & Ringsdorf (1970) to study the effects of nutritional supplements on teeth grinders or clenchers. Of these, 16 took calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), iodine, and vitamin E. When surveyed a year later, they reported that bruxism vanished. In contrast, the 15 bruxers who only took vitamins A, C, E and iodine showed no improvement. It seemed reasonable to conclude that the active agents were calcium and pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)." Need a MEDRS source to include this, and I can't find one... Lesion ( talk ) 11:15, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

"GI infections" and bruxism
I think this unreferenced comment was referring to these primary studies which investigate a possible link between Intestinal Parasitic Infections and bruxism in children. (n=50, 11/50 bruxers had parasitic infections compared to 8/50 non-bruxers who had parasites)(n=30, 30% of bruxers had parasites compared to 41% of non bruxers). Even if we could use these as sources, there is contradicting evidence. The first study has very weak evidence, due to its size and the tiny difference observed between the bruxers and the controls. Lesion ( talk ) 11:26, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

Medline plus
Medline plus, whilst probably could be considered a reliable source, does not use any references and contains only limited information. Suggest there are better quality available sources for this topic, and I would like to replace the references eventually. Here's what we use it for currently (in the list of signs and symptoms):


 * Anxiety, stress, and tension[14] - (is this a symptom? or a possible contributing factor?)
 * Headaches,[14]
 * Depression[14] (is this a symptom? or a possible contributing factor?)
 * Earache[14] (medline itself qualifies this with "due in part because the structures of the temporomandibular joint are very close to the ear canal, and because you can feel pain in a different location than its source; this is called referred pain" so we should phrase it similarly...e.g. "preauricular pain from the TMJs, and possibly also referred otalgia (earache)"
 * Eating disorders[14] (is this a symptom? or a possible contributing factor? and other sources don't really mention eating disorders that I have read so far...)
 * Sleep disruption and insomnia[14] (is this a symptom? or a possible contributing factor?)

This is why I think medline plus is not great, at least in this case because I think there it lists as symptoms things that other sources describe as causative factors, and I think it creates confusion. It also throws vague things like "eating disorders" in when other more reliable sources do not seem to discuss this. Lesion ( talk ) 02:50, 20 May 2013 (UTC)

Tinnitus & neck pain
Need a proper source for these, only found primary studies so far. Lesion ( talk ) 02:50, 20 May 2013 (UTC)

Recent review article
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18364692 Ref. 23]'s abstract concludes inter alia that "There is not enough evidence to state that the occlusal splint is effective for treating sleep bruxism. Indication of its use is questionable with regard to sleep outcomes, but there may be some benefit with regard to tooth wear. This systematic review suggests the need for further investigation ...".

It's weird that they didn't account for potential protection against medium- to long-term damage to the TMJ itself. Tony  (talk)  13:14, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The "Dental guards and occlusal splints" section was one part of the article that didn't seem to have a huge amount of issues as the rest of the article. I haven't touched it yet, please feel free to add any available systematic review or other high quality sources you find. Seems like several sources are stating that occlusal appliances do nothing for daytime bruxism, and probably only protect the teeth from damage rather than anything else in sleep bruxism (this fits with my personal experience, when you would make these things and sometimes people would come back after several months with holes worn through them). I would like to add the Cochrane review to this section, because they are so stringent with their conclusions and appraisals of evidence, it is a good source of independent medical info. Lesion  ( talk ) 13:32, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

Nigglies

 * "8–31.4%"—looks funny without the .0 on the 8. What was the margin of error in the minimum value? I'm almost inclined to make the max just "31". Tony   (talk)  10:22, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Yeah I think you're right. Would be better to round this figure, at least in the lead which should be simple and to the point. Not sure of a margin of error, comes from this paper I only had abstract.  Lesion  ( talk ) 22:25, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Mandibular Advancement Device?
Not a single word on the treatment of bruxism with mandibular advancement splint? Yet a quick search on PubMed shows more than a few promising results: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mandibular+advancement+bruxism Someone should add this to the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.88.61.215 (talk) 22:02, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I think that is usually used for snoring/obstructive sleep apnea. I note that the obstructive sleep apnea page already mentions Mandibular advancement splints in the treatment section, and mandibular advancement splint page itself largely discussed obstructive sleep apnea with no mention of bruxism. Also, I would not call 16 results on pubmed particularly notable. Of these 16, only 3 are marked as review (i.e. secondary sources) and we can use per WP:MEDRS. The others are primary sources, i.e. case reports or original research studies and we can't use them on Wikipedia.


 * Having said all the above, one of the refs I saw was a secondary source and can be used to support this content, which I propose adding to the occlusal splint section:
 * "A mandibular advancement device (normally used for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea) may reduce sleep bruxism, although its use may be associated with discomfort."
 * Reference:


 * -- Lesion  ( talk ) 22:21, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

I agree, especially since every one of those studies show the mandibular advancement splint to be more effective than the occlusal splint at reducing bruxism.74.12.167.251 (talk) 21:21, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

✅, but I feel the occlusal splint section still needs some more work. Lesion ( talk ) 13:54, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment I've 'nowikied' the ref as it showed at the bottom of the page and would get further and further away with every new post. Peridon (talk) 19:44, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Changed nowiki solution to reflist solution. --Hordaland (talk) 00:41, 16 October 2015 (UTC)