Talk:Causal theory of names

Exegetical points

 * Causal theories of names becamse popular during and after the 1970s as a result largely of work by Saul Kripke and Keith Donnelan, and were eventually expanded to other parts of language, such as natural kind terms by Hilary Putnam.


 * The theory is usually advocated by philosophers who deny (1) that most proper names are disguised descriptions (as Russell held), and (2) that there is anything like a Fregean sense attached to a proper name (for example, Saul Kripke, the originator of the theory)

Two problems with these passages.

1. Saul Kripke does *not* endorse a "causal theory of names." The development of the causal theory clearly owes a tremendous amount to Kripke's arguments in Naming and Necessity, but in N&N Kripke explicitly denies that he is offering any comprehensive theory of naming whatsoever--let alone a causal one. This may be a minor point for the purposes of this article; but it is a major one for Kripke's own philosophical method.

2. Putnam's "Meaning of Meaning" was clearly important in making the case for a causal theory of (at least some) natural kind terms. But this was not an "extension" of Kripke's work into areas that Kripke had not already touched on: a very substantial part of the lectures that became Naming and Necessity were already devoted to applying something like his account of proper names to natural kind terms such as "gold" and "water" (and fictional natural kind terms such as "unicorn").

I've edited the first sentence a bit to reflect Kripke's work. I don't know entirely what to do about the first point, though, so I wanted to throw the question out for further discussion. What do y'all think we should do to account for Kripke's reticence about theorizing?

Radgeek 03:49, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I think the first of the three listed characteristics of causal theories - that they equate the meaning of a name with its referent - is incorrect. While some causal theorists no doubt believe this, it is in no sense an essential feature of all such theories. Indeed, one of the major attractions of such theories is that they allow one to maintain the benefits of the sense/reference distinction for the purpose of avoiding the sorts of contradictions demonstrated by Frege and Russell without adopting a Russelian disguised-definite-description approach towards proper names. The causal chain between a term and its referent has, for instance, been considered by some to function as the sense of that term.

Also, for some of the same reasons, I find it odd that this article is entitled 'causal theory of names' rather than the (I believe) more standard 'causal theory of reference'. The latter seems more appropriate since: 1.) causal theories of reference are applied to more than just names, and 2.) the meaning of a name is not necessarily exhausted by its (causally determined) referent.

Ncsaint 00:59, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

I contacted the original author (Larry Sanger) and have made a first set of changes along the lines outlined above.

Ncsaint 05:32, 20 October 2005 (UTC)