Talk:Cell (biology)/Archive 1

Old discussion

 * Archaea are the oldest organisms existing.
 * Err - can we just get a reference for Archaea being progenitors of eukaryotes?


 * Some interesting references
 * Patrick Forterre, among which pour la science,22, 1998
 * CR Woese, Scientific American, 244, 94, 1981
 * J. Wiegel and M. Adams, Thermophiles and the Origin of Life, Taylor & Publisher, London, 1998
 * G.R. Block and J.A. Goode, Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth. Ciba foundation, John Wiley and sons, 1996
 * look at table 1
 * The archeas are proposed not to be ancestors of euca, but on the same lign, and appearing sooner on this line
 * check out C.R. Woese and G.H. Olsen System Appl. Microbiology for the first proposition of the tree.
 * and N. Iwabe et al, Prob Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 9355, 1989 and P. Gogarten et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 6661, 1989 for later improvment of it


 * For the proposition of euca resulting from the fusion of archea and bacteria, check out W.F. Dolittle.


 * might look also for a symposium on Thermophiles in 96. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, UK, with a lot of interesting things on thermophila and origin of life


 * user:anthere

What does it mean ? What evidence is available than they are older than bacteria ? (not to mention that this word has much meaning in evolutionary biology than people use to assume based on their false vision of evolution) --Taw


 * According to common theory, they are the ancestors of eukaryotes. By absorbing certain prokaryotes, they added new functions to themselves, becoming more complex in the process (endosymbiotic theory). Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes, for example, are basically adapted bacteria.

They aren't any adapted bacteria. They were initially. Nowadays 95% of their structure is coded by cell nucleus, and they lost many other functions. --Taw


 * Today, several Archaea can only survive by adopting to extreme environments, e.g. geysers or black smokers. They can survive extreme pressure and heat, and can feed on methane or sulfur.

That's not that way. Some of them live in such environments, but many others don't.

And this sentence is sugesting that such an environment is in some way inferior to Eucaryotic environment. It would be as silly to say that fish can only survive by adopting to extreme (underwater) environment. --Taw

And it's also misleading in that some researchers theorize that those particular "extreme conditions" (hydrothermal vents) may be where life arose in the first place. In which case, non-Archaea life could only survive by adopting to extreme environments, eg. dry land and open ocean.

If i recall correctly the current picture of the tree of life (which is wobbly) has prokaryotes as the progenitors, with archaea and eukaryotes branching off at some later point. Of course, there's so much horizontal gene transfer amongst archaea/prokaryotes that it's really damn hard to say anything definitively... at any rate, I've NEVER heard that archaea came first, or that eukaryotes descended from archaea. Graft 04:53 Sep 27, 2002 (UTC)


 * no. It is not the current tree as accepted by most imho. It doesnot really state euca are descending from the archea. They don't appear to descend from procaryotes either. Most believe two lines appear from a common ancestor LUCA (well, the last common at least). Two lines separated. One leading to the bacteria, the other line followed a common way first, then gave the archea, later the eucaryotes. However, there are some biological inconsistencies with that proposition.


 * another proposition based not only on RNAr study but also on GC analysis seems to suggest the LUCA is leading to two branches, one leading toward eucaryotes, and the other leading to archea, which later gave the procaryotes. But that's only an hypothesis.


 * another proposition is that euca emerged from fusion of a bacteria and an archea.


 * maybe we should draw pictures of all the propositions...Did anybody tried to do that ???


 * user:anthere

I came here to complain about the article, and Taw wrote everything down already! Somebody needs to fix this. AxelBoldt 04:45 Sep 27, 2002 (UTC)

-

I came to check the original english article for somebody wanted to translate it in french, and I also came here to complain :-))

Anthere 00:06 Nov 25, 2002 (UTC)

I suspect this article is infelicitously named just as "mathematical group" was an exceedingly bad name for an article on its topic. The latter is now fortunately redirected to "group (mathematics)". No mathematician calls a group a "mathematical group", but it is within mathematics that the word "group" is used in the sense that that article contemplates. Would the same reasoning lead to the conclusion that this article should be redirected in the same way? (If so, the number of links to fix would be fairly large.) Michael Hardy 21:39 Mar 15, 2003 (UTC)

I agree that "Biological cell" is not what a biologist would name the page, but I think it makes very clear what is on the page, particularly for anyone who first goes to the "Cell" page. Why not put a brief statement near the top of the "Biological cell" page similar to what Michael Hardy wrote above? JWSchmidt 01:36 Mar 16, 2003 (UTC)

My vote would be for cell (biology). It's a little less natural to use in a sentence, but at the same time, I would expect people to use it more often regardless. Accidental links are important. There would indeed be a lot of pages to change - but surely by now someone capable has written a script for that? --Josh Grosse


 * Biological cell is more awkward to link to than cell (biology). You can just type cell (biology)|, but for biological cell, you have to do the full-blown alt text thing.


 * There are hundreds of links to this page under its current name, but if we don't want to change them, we really don't have to. People will find their way to the right page all the same. -Smack 02:14 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)


 * I fixed the cut and paste move. If there is no consensus about the new name it can be moved back, but I didn't want the history to split. Dori | Talk 16:06, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)

Why the thumbnail near the top of the page? It's the same as the diagram lower down, but without the context that gives sense to its labels and explains what it's an example of. If we wanted to have pictures of various types of cells, I'm all for it, but I don't get this. -- Josh


 * I was looking for an image of another cell to use here. I think it's a good idea to have a thumbnail of the subject under discussion somewhere near the top, it helps orient (especially non-technical) readers to have an image in mind of the subject early in the article, and the way it is now, the image of the cell appears more than 50% of the way into the article.  If we had another image of a cell, preferably an actual photograph or microscopy image, that would be even better. --Lexor|Talk 05:53, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Billion
Article says: humans have an estimated 100,000 billion cells? What does that mean? Billion have two meanings and I am not sure which is it. Could someone, please, correct it to the format specified in the Manual of Style (dates and numbers)? Or perhaps explain if 100,000 billion = 1017 or 1014? Przepla 18:28, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)


 * Done: it should be 1014 (i.e. US billion). Lexor|Talk 12:15, Nov 5, 2004 (UTC)

cell formation
I just moved the article back to its original. Discuss before making a move of a large page with all those re-directs to fix. No, leave it here. Cell formation is not a good name anyway. Cell biology w/out the parens would be better, but if it is moved there is a lot of link changes to make. I vote to leave as is unless someone gives some very good reasons. Vsmith 21:36, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Fact Check
While I was reading through the article, I fixed things that I knew were wrong, but I also found a few things that don't seem to fit with what I know about cells, where I was too unsure to change them. I thought maybe you'd know:
 * all cells have "traffic of vesicles." Is that true for prokaryotes?
 * multicellular organisms have cells that "do not generally survive" when separated. Can't most plants do that?  Or sponges?
 * in the "cytoplasm" section, it says that all eukaryotes have cytoskeletons and implies that no prokaryotes do. Can someone confirm this?
 * is the description of processes like transcription and translation general enough to include all organisms, including prokaryotes?
 * Are the distinctions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as clear as they should be? Is everything about the prokaryotes right?
 * can the line about "prokaryotic cells have three architectural regions..." be improved?
 * Is the prokaryotic cytoplasm more "granular" than in eukaryotes? Both kinds have ribosomes floating around...

I'll put up more questions when I finish the article. Thanks in advance for your help. Dave (talk) 12:01, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

To anwser the questions so far:
 * All organisms use vesicles to transport proteins etc from the ER to the membrane and other compartments
 * The single cells from MC organisms do not generally survive statement is right and wrong, no cells from a MC organism will survive if you take them out and stick them in a dish, most (all?) MC cells will proliferate from single cells if you give them the right cues but they won't make a new organism, plants (and mabye fungi, I need to do more reading on fungi) are the only organism that can regenerate a new multicellular organism from a single cell.
 * All cells have a cytoskeleton, its integral for cell division.
 * They key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription and translation is that in eukaryotic systems transcription and translation occur sequentially whereas in prokaryotes transcription and translation occur simultaneously within the cell. This is probably the only distinction that needs to be made in a summary article like this.
 * this could be clearer:
 * Most of the functions of organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgi apparatus, are taken over by the prokaryotic plasma membrane. Mabye could be: many of the fuctions performed by the oraganelles of eukaryotic cells occur on (across?) the plasma membrane of the prokaryote, for example, ATP regeneration and photosynthesis.
 * Not all bacteria have cell walls

--nixie 05:51, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The phrase architectural regions isn't helping with clarity, get rid of it and describe the parts of the prokaryotic cell simply.
 * I think that the granularity of the cytoplasm depends on the type of cell and the metablolic state of the cell, and isn't really correlated with prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.

Thanks for your help. Note to self: I still need to deal with the transcription one, the "this could be clearer" one, aand the "architectural regions" one. Dave (talk) 12:27, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

All organisms use vesicles to transport proteins etc from the ER to the membrane and other compartments. Prokaryotes don't have an ER. Josh Cherry 12:46, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Should have been more careful there, but they do have vesicles to store lipds, usually called membrane vesicles; aquatic bacteria also have structures called gas vesicles (but they're more like a vacuole)--nixie 13:20, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Cells evolved from bubbles on the shores of the primordial seas
I read recently a theory suggesting that the first cells evolved from the bubbles of crashing waves on the shores of the ancient ocean. If I can provide the source, and perhaps a more detailed account of the theory, would it be worth mentioning in the 'cell origins' section? - R Lee E (talk, contribs) 21:15, August 22, 2005 (UTC)


 * I referred to my source to gather further details, and have put together a rough summary in my own words. The book is called "The Cell: Evolution of the First Organism" by Joseph Panno, Ph.D. Here's what I've got so far:

''....proteinoids are observed by heating amino acids with phosphoric acid as a catalyst. They bear much of the basic features provided by cell membranes. Proteinoid-based protocells enclosing RNA molecules could (but not necessarily should) have been the first cellular life forms on Earth.'' Another theory holds that the turbulent shores of the ancient costal waters may have served as a mammoth labratory, aiding in the countless experiments necessary to bring about the first cell. Waves breaking on the shore create a delicate foam composed of bubbles. Winds sweeping across the ocean have a tendancy to drive things to shore, much like driftwood collecting on the beach. It is possible that organic molecules were concentrated on the shorelines in much the same way. Shallow coastal waters also tend to be warmer, further concentrating the molecules through evaporation. While bubbles comprised of mostly water tend to burst quickly, oily bubbles happen to be much more stable, lending more time to the particular bubble to perform these crucial experiments. The Phospholipid is a good example of a common oily compound prevalent in the prebiotic seas. Phospholipids can be constructed in ones mind as a hydrophilic head on one end, and a hydrophobic tail on the other. Phospholipids also possess an important characteristic, that is being able to link together to form either a monolayer, or a bilayer bubble membrane. A lipid monolayer bubble can only contain oil, and is therefore not conducive to harbouring water-soluble organic molecules. On the other hand, a lipid bilayer bubble can contain water, and was a likely precursor to the modern cell membrane. If a protein came along that increased the integrity of its oily bubble, then that bubble had an advantage, and was placed at the top of the natural selection waiting list. Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the bubbles burst, releasing the results of the experiment into the surrounding medium. Once enough of the 'right stuff' was released into the medium, the development of the first prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and multi-celluar organisms could be acheived. This theory is expanded upon in the book, "The Cell: Evolution of the First Organism" by Joseph Panno Ph.D.

Your contributions are welcome ofcourse. - R Lee E (talk, contribs) 07:36, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

It sounds quite speculative, but I'll let the other editors decide whether it merits inclusion. I've made some general language edits to improve NPOV, though. Another theory holds that the turbulent shores of the ancient costal waters may have served as a mammoth labratory, aiding in the countless experiments necessary to bring about the first cell. Waves breaking on the shore create a delicate foam composed of bubbles. Winds sweeping across the ocean have a tendancy to drive things to shore. It is possible that organic molecules were concentrated on the shorelines in much the same way. Shallow coastal waters also tend to be warmer, further concentrating the molecules through evaporation. While bubbles comprised of mostly water tend to burst quickly, oily bubbles happen to be much more stable, lending more time to the particular bubble to perform these crucial experiments. The Phospholipid is an example of a common oily compound prevalent in the prebiotic seas. Phospholipids can be constructed in ones mind as a hydrophilic head on one end, and a hydrophobic tail on the other. Phospholipids also possess an important characteristic, that is being able to link together to form either a monolayer, or a bilayer bubble membrane. A lipid monolayer bubble can only contain oil, and is therefore not conducive to harbouring water-soluble organic molecules. On the other hand, a lipid bilayer bubble can contain water, and was a likely precursor to the modern cell membrane. If a protein came along that increased the integrity of its oily bubble, then that bubble had an advantage, and was placed at the top of the natural selection waiting list. Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the bubbles burst, releasing the results of the experiment into the surrounding medium.

--causa sui talk 18:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

While we are talking about theories, I have one for everybody: Cells were created by God only about 6,000 years ago when the first multicellular organism (plants) were created. I can see people already criticizing me for bringing this up, but what better explanation can there be? How do you get inorganic chemicals to turn into a form of life? Not even organic chemicals help out since most are actually lethal to life! How would a bubble help create a cell? Even if this bubble has all of the necessary requirements to create a cell, how would you be able to have all of the parts (including the nucleus) put into a working order without a single mistake? I do not think chance is going to help at all with that. Another thing, how does DNA fit into a cell's nucleus if chance took place? A single strand of DNA from one cell inside a human's body is said to be about 6 feet long while the cell itself cannot even be seen as a microscope. I know I am not yet a scientist and I still need to do more research, but seriouly, the ideas that were given in your origin sections have many complicated issues. Why can you not also add the theory of God creating cells as another theory (yes, some scientists do hold this as not only a theory but a fact)? You should not just hold an evolutionist's theory and hide a creationist's theory. That is being biased against a certain group. I do not want you to reply back that creationists are not scientists because there are actually a lot of scientists who are actually abandoning the evolution theory and going with creation (and I am talking about professional scientists). If you need sources on those scientists, I am willing to link them. Please do not just show one side of the argument, but show both. Thank you.

LOAP —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.245.58.82 (talk) 21:53, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

"It [linked video] is not intended as a sacrilege of the poetic beauty of Genesis:rather it is a mere extension of what the creationists have already done to Genesis in their insistence that it be read not as mythic saga but as scientific prose". David D. (Talk) 05:22, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Just to let you know, that guy has no real basic reason to interpret Genesis like that. First thing you have to realize about that guy is that he is an athiest and will of course try to downplay the reliabilty of Genesis. Second, to do any translation of the Bible, you must start with the original Greek, Hebrew, and Aramic language (which can be found in concordences). Third, Genesis is not a myth; it is written history of God about the creation, man's fall, the first promise of the redeemer, the catastrophic flood, the confusion of languages at the tower of Babel, the choosing of the Jewish nation to preserve the promised seed, etc. Genesis is more important than that guy makes it, and it sickens me to see some so called "expert" or "scientist" try to attack it. But to be honest, I am not surprised, because if you look at certain texts of the Bible, God tells us there will be people who scoff at the beginnings and claim that everything we see now always took place (look in 2 Peter 3). It is no surprise that that guy is trying to refute Scripture and is no surprise if you criticize me even in the future because God prophecied that would happened at least over 1,500 years ago when 2 Peter was written.

Please, if you want to against Genesis, I suggest you take your time READING it using a concordence to find the meaning of certian Hebrew words (like day which is always a word that gets hit hard by progressive creationists and evolutionists). Do not rely on some athiest who has all intention to turn everybody away from the Bible. Study it yourself! I pray that God's Spirit will help you understand the meaning of the text. The text itself is writeen so that anyone can understand it and to be taken literally. I really do not see how hard it is to understand Scripture when it says God created the earth in 6 literal days.

As for the cells, if you believe that God created everything in 6 days, than it is no problem to consider when cells came about. The earliest record of any living organism recorded in Genesis is on day three when land was made and plants were created. Now I understand that Genesis does not record when microbes and single celled organisms were made, but you must realize that when Genesis was first written to the Jews, they did not have microscopes to see single celled organisms nor did it really matter since humanity spent most of its time not knowing of bacteria. I myself believe single celled organisms were made on day three with plants (and these organisms were not harmful, but beneficail), but that is my own opinion and not actual fact in Scripture. If you have more questions on these topics, please try looking at www.icr.org or www.answersingenesis.org or www.godandscience.org

These websites were created by people who are both scientists and born again Christians who dedicate their time to answer questions such as cells. Please look them up before asking any other questions. Now let us see if I get any nasty comments this time. LOAP

Energy storing
what stores the energy in cells. If the mitochondria creats the energy where does it go to awate use. is it used otomaticaly or is it stored somewhere. This was unclear to me. If you can answer my question thak you. Oh and people stop conplaining.(69.154.246.64 04:06, 13 December 2005 (UTC)) Benerally, it is stored in the form of glicoe. When the energy is needed, glicose is used to produce ATP, and the ATP is used "power-up" some quemical reactions. while that, I think that ATP os free on the citoplasm, like the NaCl in a solution. I THINK that's how it work's, but I'm not shure. algumacoisaqq 13:27, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

This --> ATP is a link to the specific ATP article you want. There are some other "energy rich" chemicals that also act to store the chemical energy from mitochondria. Wikipedia needs a better article on bioenergetics. text book --JWSchmidt 13:53, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

what is the meaning of the word cell
Dictionary. 142.59.172.187 20:15, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Prokaryotes lack cytoskeleton
This was todo question. Can be confirmed from various sources, e.g.     Lejean2000  13:11, 10 February 2006 (UTC)


 * Take a look at ,--JWSchmidt 13:46, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I missed this. I didn't even suspect such findings. Here are more (downloadable) articles describing the functions of actin and tubulin homologues in bacteria.  Lejean2000  15:53, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

We should make an effort to provide up-to-date references at Cytoskeleton and related pages. --JWSchmidt 16:00, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Most articles I found today are way too technical to be useful, at least for me. Anyway, I am very far outside my field of knowledge, so I'll keep any contributions I can offer in the discussion pages. I think we should keep links for specific proteins at their respective pages (FtsZ, MreB, etc...). Here is what I found interesting:, ,,     ,, and a bit earlier article -  and Margolin, W. Themes and variations in prokaryotic cell division. Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2000 Oct, 24(4):531-48. There are actually more of those, as I got hooked on the subject. I hope someone is interested. Lejean2000  16:55, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Table 2
Would somone who knows more biology than please check this table for accuracy. It has vacuoles in the animal cell section. I'm pretty sure they should be in the plant cell section. Theresa Knott | Taste the Korn 16:10, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Image

 * Maybe usefull image: http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Hyperion/DIR/VIP/Glossary/Illustration/cell.cfm?key=cell
 * --Snek01 21:40, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

The extracellular matrix
I think some description of how the cell works in the ECM should be added here, or at least a link to ECM. 128.139.226.37 15:48, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Diseases of the cell?
I don't like this section. It only covers cancer, while arguably, most diseases are diseases of the cell... Extracellular parasites are the only exception that comes to mind at the moment. For example, any virus-mediated disease is a disease of the cell, as viruses replicate inside cells. Would anyone mourn this section's passing? Peter Z.Talk 21:21, 16 June 2006 (UTC)


 * Yes, but only because I've added a bit to it. :P Nah, I think that bacteriophages are the only disease category I can think of. Perhaps reinsert something about viruses generally in the section on reproduction?GiollaUidir 23:27, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

References!!!
For an article of this length and about a scientific subject there should be a mass of references; instead there's only one. Some work needed! Would it be useful to go through the article indicating useful points to insert them??GiollaUidir 23:12, 18 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Since its a very general article, I think it would be most appropriate to add a couple of textbooks and online resources as references. I don't think inline references are critical for most of the article. Peter Z.Talk 23:17, 18 June 2006 (UTC)
 * PS I see there are a couple of links to text books already. This is sufficient in my personal opinion. 23:22, 18 June 2006 (UTC)


 * Ok, just that there seem to be some debatable points in the article which a reference or two would clear up. (Maybe!)GiollaUidir 23:28, 18 June 2006 (UTC)


 * I'll have a good look... In my opinion this article should have no such points, unless they are really important. As a very general audience article it should contain only well established facts and views. Peter Z.Talk 23:38, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Peer review
The peer review of this article is a little old and stale, so I'll post here that I posted there in case nobody's reading the peer review subpage anymore. Opabinia regalis 08:35, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I am actually stll trying to follow it :) The reason it's gone stale is that noone has replied apart from Andy and his bot. Thank you for your comments, I'll get to work on them. Peter Z.Talk 08:51, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Cells in the human body section
I have removed this section, as havng a whole section for one statistic that was already in the intro was pointless Jnb 11:17, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Microbodies -> Vacuole
Somehow the German version of the picture below has no vacuole but calls it Microbody and 10 an 12 are mixed. . I am no cell biologist, so what is correct now, or are both correct and have one missing?

your welcome to use this diagram instead. I can label it if you want. It has a vacuole over in the left hand side of the picture. Its a non-specific cell, e.g. it has visible centrioles and a chloroplast. It was drawn to replace that diagram above.

Printable Version
dont know if tis is the right place to complain, but something is wrong with the printable version. the first part of the text in the printable version only fills the left half of the pages (or the bottom parts are to wide dont know). anyways it looks really weird when printed... thanks for help - 85.220.132.38 12:02, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

GA Re-Review and In-line citations
Members of the WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the verification and reference criteria. Currently this article does not include in-line citations. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project. LuciferMorgan 20:39, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

some people
this person called Danimsturr is screwing up this website. i hate it when people do that. how about you? i do. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Smouli (talk • contribs) 00:26, 11 April 2007 (UTC). you know your spamming right?

Genetic Code
Maybe I didn't look hard enough but I don't see the answer I was looking for: does each cell contain the entire genetic code, or only part of it? E.g. would a single hair or skin flake contain all the information required to make a clone as seen in the movies? 142.59.172.187 20:19, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The DNA in a cell is generally the whole genome for that organism. That's why almost any biological sample can be used (in principle, except for red blood cells) to match evidence to suspect or to identify victim body-parts. Note that for cloning purposes for most multicellular species, you'd need an undifferentiated cell line, such as stem cells, likely from the same species, and transfer the genetic material into it. DMacks 20:27, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

The protein synthesis section is unclear
There are a couple things that are unclear to a non-expet like me in the protein synthesis section:


 * Amino acids are mentioned as building blocks, which seems rather important, but they are never mentioned by name again. The way it is now, it seems as if the polypeptide sequence is built out of tRNA, or something: "The mRNA sequence directly relates to the polypeptide sequence by binding to transfer RNA (tRNA) adapter molecules . . .".  There should be something about how tRNA delivers the proper amino acid to be added to the chain.


 * The sequential nature of protein synthesis isn't apparent from the transcription. It seems to happen all at once, rather than codon-by-codon.

It would be great if someone could clarify this. I'm not a protein synthesis expert. Atomota 08:00, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

"Typical" procaryotic cell with mesosome
What is a mesosome? This picture of the "typical" procaryotic cell with a mesosome is in this and other articles, none of which mention a mesosome. Let's get mesosome going in this article, since we're showing that it is part of the "typical" procaryotic cell! --69.226.108.255 (talk) 05:42, 10 March 2008 (UTC)


 * Mesosomes don't exist, I'm working with the artist who produced the picture to get it removed ASAP. Tim Vickers (talk) 14:55, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've made a temporary low-resolution PNG version, that can do until we get the original altered. Tim Vickers (talk) 15:16, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * They exist, they're artifacts of fixation (OsO4, I think). It should have been checked by a biologist before it was put on the main page.  --207.62.177.231 (talk) 00:33, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
 * True, but they don't usually exist in nature. Tim Vickers (talk) 01:51, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
 * They appear typical of prokaryotes on Wikipedia in multiple languages. Is this being fixed, all of the images which show mesosomes in other languages?  Are images reviewed first by a biologist?
 * The artist's work is superb, but when an illustrator is not also a scientist they should be assisted by one, particularly if they are creating copyright-free graphics. There are other technical problems with some of her illustrations (one of the Golgi, for example).  Teaming her up with a scientist would give Wikipedia a great(er) asset.  She appears willing and able to fix things with good input from others more technically knowing.
 * Scientific knowledge is not the only type of expertise. A great illustrator is worth their weight in gold in the sciences.  One of the textbook companies will soon find her, offer her a fortune, and give her five experts to support her illustrations, though.  In fact, I think I'll send some of her illustrations to my biology textbook publisher--she could clean up a lot of their illustrations.   --69.226.108.255 (talk) 03:42, 13 March 2008 (UTC)
 * And how does one remove them from articles in other languages? Narayanese (talk) 20:51, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I dealt with the German Wikipedia, but my language skills are limited. Tim Vickers (talk) 21:05, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * A note in English on the respective 'other language' discussion page should do, don't you think? There should be someone in the respective Wiki-project who will understand it. English is the current lingua franca, after all. We others ain't all that uneducated ;-). Using simple words might help though, in some cases. --Dietzel65 (talk) 17:01, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Correction
Change "Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes since they lack of a nuclear membrane and a cell nucleus." to read "Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes since they lack a nuclear membrane and a cell nucleus."(remove the word of)or to read "Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes by the lack of a nuclear membrane and a cell nucleus." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.5.245.62 (talk) 05:17, 25 April 2008 (UTC)


 * Done, thank you. Tim Vickers (talk) 17:03, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Kelseyking's edit to lead
It's a shame to have to revert good faith edits, but it looks like jotted down notes. And ribosomes don't pack proteins, chaperones do that, ribosomes just polymerise amino acids. And prokaryotes do have membranes. Narayanese (talk) 11:24, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Which organelle does the nutrient go to first? Second? Third? So on?
I'm assuming it goes through the endoplasmic reticulum, then gets stored in the vacuole, where it is sent through the ribosomes and becomes protein, and then gets stored in the Golgi Apparatus, eventually being released in vesciles brought through the mitochondria and becomes energy, the energy is brought to all the organelles. Is this correct? If so, shouldn't it be easier to find in the article to the average glancer? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikool (talk • contribs) 13:28, 23 October 2008 (UTC)


 * Which nutrient are you talking about? Sugars and amino acids are broken down in the cytosol and mitochondrion, fatty acids only in the mitochondrion. Amino acids (the precursor for proteins) are transported in solution through the cytosol. However, I'm not sure if this answers what you were asking, since it all depends on which nutrient you're talking about. Tim Vickers (talk) 18:00, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

catalan featured article
It needs Link FA|ca --Ssola (talk) 15:44, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

diagrams should be simplified and 2d
please draw simplified diagrams which are 2d and easy to understand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.162.24.249 (talk) 15:29, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

What is a Nuclear Pore
please help help me find out what a nueclear pore. i need help for a project i am doing in class. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.118.226.38 (talk) 21:02, 2 November 2008 (UTC)


 * You will find what you need at nuclear pore. The problem might be that you were searching using "nueclear". Good luck! Medical geneticist (talk) 18:26, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Origin section
My edit summary wasn't that clear, but I gutted the section because I felt it only took a minority's view. The best article on the subject seems to be Evolutionary history of life.

Congratulations btw to the Catalan Wikipedia for getting Cèl·lula to featured article. Narayanese (talk) 09:50, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

Here is a bit I removed from the section beacuse I can't see what it has to do with the origin of cells:
 * The unit of selection in modern organisms and populations of organisms is not clear, with natural selection being proposed to work at the level of genes, cells, individual organisms, groups of organisms and even species. None of these models are mutually-exclusive and selection may act on multiple levels simultaneously.

Narayanese (talk) 07:47, 9 November 2008 (UTC)


 * I'm sorry to say but origin of the cells is not explained here.

Suddenly RNA came popping up.. but still cells had to apear ?? I find this not a good article what realy caused the creation of the cell shape are there no better theories then only DNA, (if i compare DNA or RNA to a memmorie chip, the chip alone will not be a computer, so how might cells have evolved on what pathways ??  82.217.115.160 (talk) 01:41, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Called a what?
In the "Cell Membrane" section there is a part that reads, "There is a wide range of compounds with different head and tail groups and usually the membrane is a mixture thereof. Hence, the layer is called a . It may also be called a fluid mosaic membrane." There's a word or words missing there, but I don't know what the layer is called. Smoggyrob 13:28, 20 November 2008 (UTC)


 * Fixed, thank you. Tim Vickers (talk) 17:29, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Typo to be corrected
Under the heading : Origin of the first cell

"The eary cell membranes were probably more simple and permeable than modern ones"

It seems that "eary" should be replaced with "early"

Thank you.


 * Done - thanks, Vsmith (talk) 04:39, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

What about the "Organelles" section? The table there seem to be misformatted; in the resulting HTML some parts are out of the generated &lt;table&gt;, for example "Mitochondria and Chloroplasts" and "Ribosomes". probably the fix is to add "|" to the beginning of each to-be-table-cell.

The current code is like this: {|
 * Cell nucleus ...
 * [[Image:Diagram human cell nucleus no text.png|thumb|Diagram of a cell nucleus]]
 * Cell nucleus ...
 * [[Image:Diagram human cell nucleus no text.png|thumb|Diagram of a cell nucleus]]


 * Mitochondria and Chloroplasts ....

Thank you, I fixed this. Tim Vickers (talk) 17:22, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Largest Cell
The largest single undivided cell ever observed was a slime mold, at approximately 30 square metres.

Radiohead40540057 (talk) 22:49, 21 April 2009 (UTC)


 * Hi there, I had a look, but couldn't find a source for this. Do you have a citation to hand? Tim Vickers (talk) 23:00, 21 April 2009 (UTC)


 * Don't know about the mold, but the single-cell Caulerpa algae are definitely bigger than an ostrich egg.83.101.84.67 (talk) 00:42, 21 November 2009 (UTC)


 * Sorry, I haven't been on in a while ... the slime mold (http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Slime_mould) is much like the Caulerpa, it's plasmodia is one single cell with numerous nuclei ... it often reaches metres in diameter Radiohead40540057 (talk) 15:04, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Hereditary information
This statement is false:

"[A]ll cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells." Unfree (talk) 18:25, 8 September 2009 (UTC)


 * yes anucleate cells and haploid cells are the exception to this rule. I've reworded this to make it clear that this is part of the original cell theory. Tim Vickers (talk) 18:47, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

neuron % ?
Is there a listing of the relative numbers of different classes of cells in the human body? Neurons are higher class cells, like the ruling class, and I'm wondering how many of them there are (on average) compared to all the serf cells. --Neptunerover (talk) 23:54, 19 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Each variety of cell has its function that it contributes to the greater whole. I might even suggest that to label one or the other cell type "higher class" or "lower class" is more a reflection of your own views than anything else. Cells don't have a society, so they don't have social classes. – ClockworkSoul 06:44, 20 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yup. My skin cells recently rebelled, and demanded equal rights. 69.249.223.63 (talk) 05:06, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Archiving
Does anyone object to me setting up automatic archiving for this page using MiszaBot? Unless otherwise agreed, I would set it to archive threads that have been inactive for 30 days and keep ten threads.--Oneiros (talk) 13:59, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅--Oneiros (talk) 19:40, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Size of a cell
I find the description of a cell's size quite lacking. Ten micrometers, what? Is that the areal? The length? Width? Volume? The unknown measurement tied to the fourth dimension? Or maybe, god forbid, the size of the writer's reproductional organ (this one is obviously a joke, but for the sake of my autistic brothers I thought I should explain)? Anyways, I am really confused.

I need to know the volume of the average human cell. This is because I want to know how much longer an identical twin egg will take in the womb than the non-twin egg. By getting said volume, and getting the average volume of an infant, I can calculate how much time there is between each time the cells divide. And, then I can add one time for the cells to divide, and adding that to the average of 9 months or rather 9*30 days = 270 days. So 270 days + the time it takes for the cells to divide.

What started this thing was me looking at the "identical twins" explanation, where one egg divides and you get twins. So, logically, twins are in the womb longer.

01-27-10


 * About 4400-5000 μm3 see Bionumbers database. Tim Vickers (talk) 05:51, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

salut mon joko —Preceding unsigned comment added by Runematt51 (talk • contribs) 15:37, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

Small rooms monks lived in? ..someone's been messing here
"..Robert Hooke in a book he published in 1665 when he compared the cork cells he saw through his microscope to the small rooms monks lived in.[5]"

According to the reference, and to what the article on Cell Theory says, he compared them to the compartments of a honeycomb. Please someone with the proper authority fix this. 82.130.50.95 (talk) 22:22, 16 April 2010 (UTC)


 * I thought about what you said and it occured to me that it was no mistake. Hooke did conduct an experiment and he did compare it to honeycomb. But the monk thing wasn't a joke. When Hooke conducted the experiment, he said it reminded him of monks in rooms of a monastery, he didn't necessarily compare monks. Just happy to clear things up--**Najezeko**:) 02:02, 9 November 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Najzeko (talk • contribs)

Edit request from 75.156.153.212, 17 July 2010
✅ editsemiprotected

In the Organelle section, second paragraph, first sentence please change:

There are several types of organelles a cell. to: There are several types of organelles in a cell.

75.156.153.212 (talk) 21:47, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

The largest known cells are unfertilised ostrich egg cells which weigh 3.3 pounds.
People, egge is not a cell. Egg consists of a small cell and large mass of proteins which is not cellular.--MathFacts (talk) 16:58, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

The largest known cells are unfertilised ostrich egg cells which weigh 3.3 pounds.
change the pounds to kilograms please!!! or put 1.5Kg next to it please!!! No like this please 1.5Kg(--- pounds) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rohmann (talk • contribs) 00:23, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Yeah the pounds thing is stupid. GET IT TOGETHER US AND UK!Yoshi39 (talk) 18:15, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

The erroneous nature of this entire article
there are three domains of life & therefore three essential distinction in the variety of cells: eubacteria, archaebacteria & eukaryota. Traditionally, the three types present in the page are taught, however the definition has expanded, and there are many more cell types with distinct differences.

the intro, bad... scary bad... cells were first discovered? Cell was first coined as a term to discribe the cellular structure of cork, & further observed at a later date in collaboration, etc. Read up, use google.

Further Prokaryotic is an not only obsolete but its wrong. Prokaryotic suggests that the other two branches of life came BEFORE (PRO) Eukaryota & while this is a possibility, it isn't provable and remains philosophy and therefore you can't represent just one possibility but all known posibilities, etc. Thankfully, there are physical indicators used in the classification of cellular life today, DNA!!! we are decoding genetics & the continued use of old terminology is somewhat misleading and presents harm.

If you want to help correct this page, you can start here.

The Tree of Life: Tangled Roots and Sexy Shoots & here Scirus — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lawstubes (talk • contribs) 00:46, 23 July 2011 (UTC)


 * Wow I agree. This page is very badly written.  I'll try and get to it later...-- FUNK A MATIC     ~talk   21:33, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

cells
I like what you wrote about cells — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lwash (talk • contribs) 19:45, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

Length of a cell
In the article it is stated that "The longest human cells are about 135 µm". I was under the impression that neurons held the title of the longest cell, given that a lower motor neurons extend from the spinal cord down to skeletal muscles in the lower limbs and ascending tracts enter the cord via the dorsal root and ascend to the medulla oblongata before synapsing with the second order sensory neuron. Can someone clarify this point, especially as the wiki page on the neuron states that some axons can be up to 1.5m long. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.176.105.132 (talk) 15:00, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

Flat contradiction in lede
Says longest cell is 135 um and then says there's one that is body length. Actually says this in same sentence ATM 72.228.177.92 (talk) 22:04, 2 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Since it was clear nonsense as it stood, and others complain above, redacted to what I think was meant. It's generally known there are long neurons from the brain to the extremities so the 135 um has to be just wrong so I deleted it. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 22:15, 2 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Looks like this had propagated thru the web, presumably from here, and in the same form, i.e. stating that there is a cell which is both "135 &mu;m" and "the height of a person". 72.228.177.92 (talk) 22:22, 2 November 2011 (UTC)


 * There was the typical riot of Page ranked misinformation on this but I viewed the video from the Berkeley Anatomy course which cleared it up and redacted accordingly. Amazing. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 22:54, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

I am fairly certain that this part of the lede is incorrect: "...longest - pseudounipolar cells which reach from extremities, including the toes to the lower brain stem...". I believe the author has confused "brain stem" with "spinal cord". The sensory neuron that innervates the big toe, a pseudounipolar neuron, has its cell body in the dorsal root ganglion, which is located just outside the spinal cord (see the Wiki page on Pseudounipolar Cell). The key point is that there is no cell that runs all the way from your brain in your head all the way to your big toe. There are sensory axons in your big toe that run ~3 feet up to the dorsal root ganglion, and there are neurons in the spinal cord that project 2-3 to the brain, but there are no cells that make the whole toe-to-brain trip alone. In general I really like this Cell page though. Thanks for all your hard work. Bourgeb (talk) 00:37, 11 November 2011 (UTC)


 * I'll be happy to change brain stem to spinal cord, what you say makes sense, but need a source, the one given says brain and head, and as it's a video so the speaker, who takes a very simplistic approach, reinforces the point by pointing to her head and mentioning a whole body length. May be dated info, even anatomy progresses, there are few finished fields of knowledge. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 16:45, 16 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Thank you for this feedback. It is a very good point that I should provide a ref or two on this.  I did a little poking around and I found a page outside of wikipedia that says: "The longest axon in the human body stretches from the base of the spine to a muscle in the big toe. An axon on one of these motor neurons can be over a meter long":  http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch02_human_nervous_system/neurons.html .  Also, the wiki page for "axon" says: "The longest axons in the human body, for example, are those of the sciatic nerve, which run from the base of the spine to the big toe of each foot".  The "Pseudounipolar neuron" wiki page also says "one branch runs to the periphery and the other to the spinal cord".  Further, my textbook "Biology" by N.A. Campbell, et al. (8th edition, copyright 2008, pp 1048, pub. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings) says "Axons are often much longer than dendrites, and some, such as those that reach from the spinal cord of a giraffe to the muscle cells in its feet, are over a meter long".  These refs and others agree that the longest cell reaches from the *spinal cord* to the toe (and not from the brain stem to the toe).  Sorry it took me a few days to get back to you on this.  Cheers,

Bourgeb (talk) 05:35, 19 November 2011 (UTC)


 * bump

Bourgeb (talk) 01:34, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

Toward a 'Cell Death' Subsection
This page has sections on the life cycle of the cell including "Creation" and "Growth and Metabolism." The death section appears to be missing. It could contain a link to the page on apoptosis but also explain how poisons, viruses and anoxia actually cause the death of a cell, i.e., in the case of oxygen, what structures does affect, what happens to the physical parts of the cell during the dying process (and after death if it is part of a multicelluar organism). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.16.253.227 (talk) 03:21, 16 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Excellent idea, but maybe should have a larger scope, as there are immortal cells. Apoptosis, the mentioned insults, single cell organisms that reproduce by budding or other asexual means, and a range of other phenomena can be in it. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 17:24, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 29 December 2011
The article says " Humans contain about 100 trillion cells" It should be changed to "Humans Contain 10 trillion cells"

Reference: In other related articles in wiki, Human Microbiome, it is stated that the human body has 10 trillion cells and 100 trillion other micro-organisms

Humans contain about 10 trillion cells

Kotappa (talk) 11:43, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done — Bility (talk) 17:12, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

______________________________________ (GWires)

I've been doing some research, and from what I've gathered, the human body has 50-75 trillion cells. Look it up, there are definitely sites that say 50-75 trillion cells! :0)     (By the way, I'm Scottish, an American trillion might be different to the Scottish trillion.)

______________________________________

Edit request on 11 January 2012
The largest cell, which is often debated, is WITHIN an ostrich egg, not the egg itself. The cell itself does not weigh 3.3 pounds.

184.184.116.220 (talk) 16:02, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: The source says the egg is the cell. Can you find a reliable source that says otherwise? — Ability (talk) 22:37, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Largest, smallest, etc.
I don't get it. I don't think a list of the largest, smallest, longest, shortest, etc. cells in humans (and then animals) is important enough to include in the lead, and maybe not even in the article.

Think about it: The purpose of this article is to give someone a better understanding of the cell. How does it help you understand the cell to know that the largest cell is (or isn't) the ostrich egg cell?

There area great teachers who know how to select the few important ideas out of a mass of details and explain them well. I'm not one of them.

But Neil Campbell was, and his textbook has an introductory chapter on the cell. Campbell simply says that most plant and animal cells are between 1 and 100 µm and therefore are visible only under the microscope. Notice that he doesn't just give puzzling-looking numbers, he explains their significance.

When I have trouble figuring out how to explain something, I turn to Campbell and see how he did it. It's usually better to follow Campbell than for me to figure out how to explain it myself. Sometimes I can find a Nobel laureate who explains it even better than Campbell.

Is there anybody here who thinks he can explain biology better than Campbell? --Nbauman (talk) 07:29, 13 January 2012 (UTC)


 * I found the numbers (length of axon, diameter of smallest vs. largest cell types) quite useful, and I think it is a shame that you deleted this info from the lede. I don't think the page, as it was written, was trying to be better than Campbell's text.  Rather, I believe that there is more than one way to give a nice overview of cellular biology.  From my experience, the older folks in the field of molecular biology tend toward a more qualitative view, while the younger generation tends toward a more quantitative approach.  I find the measurements (microns, meters, etc.) very useful in putting things into context.  When teaching introductory biology, I find it particularly helpful to introduce the concept that a "cell" encompasses everything from a tiny, simple prokaryotic bacteria to the highly specialized, meter-long axon of a vertebrate sensory neuron.  (This is pretty amazing, really.)  I agree that the section you deleted wasn't all that well written--would you mind if I took a stab at revising it and re-posting the quantitative info?  Or you can have a go at adding the info again if you prefer.  I'd just really like to see the quantitative info included again, to provide context.  Cheers, Bourgeb (talk) 05:43, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 22 January 2012
Ribosomes are large globular proteins, and they are not true organelles. They have long been mistaken to be an organelle of a cell. An organelle is supposed to be enclosed within a vesicle (such as lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacoules) that is made up of a linear lipid structure or a bilayer (nucleus). Ribosomes, on the other hand, is not an enclosed structure like lysosomes or vacuoles. They are either cytoplasmic proteins or proteins embedded on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are not true organelles.

Biologist88 (talk) 18:51, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
 * ❌,unsourced & unclear what you're asking, if you wanting this added to the ribsome section then I would say it's unnecessary as there is already an extensive article: Ribosome--Jac 16888 Talk 14:32, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 23 January 2012
Another structure found outside the cell wall or cell membrane is the cilia. Cilia are fine, hair-like projections that enable free-living organisms such as protists to move around their environment. Cilia are also found in multicellular animals. They are found in the lining of the respiratory tract to move foreign materials away from the lungs and out to the external environment, acting like a brush or an escalator. They are also found lining the Fallopian tube of higher mammals. With a sweeping-like action, they maneuver the ovum (egg cell) towards the uterus.

Biologist88 (talk) 06:38, 23 January 2012 (UTC)
 * ❌, same reason as above (Cilium)--Jac 16888 Talk 14:33, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

There is not a single theory for the rise of the first cell. Not in the formal use of the word
There is not a single theory for the rise of the first cell- Not in the formal use of the word, at least. There are nmany ideas (in the form of hypothesis) that are considered, but is not aresolved issue (and the different groups of scientist studying them haven't reached a concensus yet. The use of the word "theories" is a non-trivial mistake that should be changed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.213.86.132 (talk) 14:23, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

why cant they just have the ansers for this paper on a site o wait they do — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.114.172.115 (talk) 19:09, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 19 February 2012
Hooke from Micrograph, which is the origin of the word "cell" being used to describe the smallest unit of a living organism]] at the beginning of the article should be changed back to It seems like the beginning of the tag was cut in a previous edit.

72.132.147.117 (talk) 02:40, 19 February 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thanks for letting us know as the error was there for several hours. Part of the caption was left behind as an image was deleted. Cadiomals (talk) 03:26, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

Two mistakes
I visited this article only to see what was considered cell components and found this:

"All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane that envelops the cell, separates its interior from its environment, regulates what moves in and out (selectively permeable), and maintains the electric potential of the cell. Inside the membrane, a salty cytoplasm takes up most of the cell volume. All cells possess DNA, the hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins such as enzymes, the cell's primary machinery. There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. This article lists these primary components of the cell, then briefly describe their function."

Sentence #3 is incorrect (All cells possess DNA). Not true. Red blood cells do not have DNA.

The last sentence has a grammar mistake: "This article lists these primary components of the cell, then briefly describeS their function. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.100.145.177 (talk) 00:15, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

fix the reference of the definition
The first definition is broken or it's moved but a found it again: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26863/ Please fix it. --181.14.147.137 (talk) 09:25, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 6 October 2012
Humans contain about 100 trillion cells.(Reference: Text book of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition, Guyton & Hall, Elsevier Saunders

SHANRUSHIA (talk) 11:40, 6 October 2012 (UTC)
 * ❌ True statement, but there's not really a good place for it to go in this article. It's an interesting bit of trivia, but wikipedia articles aren't random compilations of  trivia. Sailsbystars (talk) 04:32, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Neutral Point of View - Origins Section
This article definatly doesn't maintain an NPOV when it comes to the origin of life. It is based only on one of the atheistic theories, and those theories are highly controversial. Tagged. Randomizer3 (talk) 16:24, 8 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I have removed the tag as there is no policy-based justification for it. There is no such thing as an "atheistic theory". Please review WP:FRINGE—in brief, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia built on reliable sources. You would need a couple of such sources that show a problem with the wording in the article to warrant POV-section. Johnuniq (talk) 00:00, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

pokaryotes has a nucleas but lacs nuclear membrane — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.249.134.36 (talk) 03:33, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

Cell theory
The item on the history of cell theory repeats a very common but outdated view. A better and more recent account is:

"The work of the Czech Jan Purkyně (1787–1869) and his student and collaborator Gabriel Valentin (1810–1883) was unjustly denigrated by the nationalistic Germans. They have a claim to some priority in the cell theory. Johannes Müller (1801–1858) also made great contributions. It was, however, his student Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) and Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) who got the credit for the cell theory, despite the fact that some of their observations were not correct, and their credits to previous workers were 'a travesty'."

The underlining is mine, to draw attention to the extent of the problem. The source for these remarks are: Harris H. 1999. The birth of the cell. Yale University Press, New Haven, Chapter 9 and especially p97. Harris is a leading cell biologist, and fluent in German, so his conclusions are quite significant. Macdonald-ross (talk) 08:05, 20 October 2013 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Not moved. bd2412 T 20:08, 28 January 2014 (UTC)


 * Completing WP:PTOPIC move of a move-protected article. I opened a talk section at Cell a couple of weeks ago (now at Cell (disambiguation)) and there was no objection. <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise  <font size="1.8">(talk)  04:55, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Adding original rationale from the talk section linked above. I would like to move Cell (biology) to be the primary topic for this page. Based on WP:PTOPIC, it gets >50% of the article traffic (as long as Mobile phone is excluded which is far down the page and a less direct connection). <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise  <font size="1.8">(talk)  04:47, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Note for closer a few days into the discussion. The sequence of events relating to this RM was as follows: I tried to assess support for the move using a talk section at (then a disambiguation page), and when nobody responded after a couple of weeks I decided the proposal was uncontroversial - so I moved the page to Cell (disambiguation) and put in a technical request for a move from Cell (biology) to Cell. The TR was declined, and this RM was opened using my TR comment (but not the original rationale, thus my comment under the previous bullet point). The dab page is still at Cell (disambiguation), since (without thinking) I had redirected Cell pending my request, so a G6 will be needed. At this point I'm agreeing with the comments that the discussion has been sidetracked, and particularly with Red Slash's comment that the move should be re-proposed. <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise   <font size="1.8">(talk)  05:54, 10 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Support as nominator. <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise  <font size="1.8">(talk)  04:47, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * To many people, the meaning "prison cell" is as important. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 06:34, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * If oppose, move Cell (disambiguation) to Cell. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 09:25, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * "Many people" can be quantified, prison cell had 2.5k views over the last 30 days, Cell (biology) 65k in the same time period benmoore 13:48, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose - opening a discussion on a dab page gets no takers.. who watches dab pages. Cell has too many technical uses for the original use (if it even is original?) to automatically be primary. In ictu oculi (talk) 08:22, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The word "cell" came from Latin "cella", and its history is in https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cell, and the word was around an age and an age before biological cells were discovered. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 09:29, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Neither etymology or the total number of uses should mean anything though, right? Unless I'm reading PTOPIC incorrectly, it should be sufficient if the page gets >50% of the total views. <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise  <font size="1.8">(talk)  04:47, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The move of the disambiguation page, "Cell" to "Cell (disambiguation)" should have been discussed through a WP:RM, not done unilaterally based on a talk page query added without proper notification. That said, I would agree that the biological term has the greatest long-term significance, biological cells having existed for billions of years. bd2412  T 22:40, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose why didn't you open a standard RM request for the disambiguation page move, if you wanted to gauge the primary topic? There are many many uses of "cell" and most people are not of the biology-field bent. If you like videogames, it's quite likely you might thing of the Cell processor. Then there's prison cells, for the common person. And if you're a technology person, the battery (electrochemical cell) is quite likely. Then, if you're a person with lots of friends, you might call them on your cell (mobile phone). The disambiguation page should be returned, as this is a multipart move. -- 70.50.148.122 (talk) 03:39, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * TBH, it seemed like a straightforward application of PTOPIC based on my reading of it (under both criteria, but I focused on the more quantifiable one in my original reasoning). So I went ahead and moved the dab page then put in a WP:RM/TR for the final step. <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise  <font size="1.8">(talk)  04:47, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * This discussion appears to be getting sidetracked; no one is debating that there are indeed many other uses of the word "cell" and all seem to recognise a proper RM should have been used prior to this move taking place. However, at this point we should be discussing whether this article on the biological use of cell meets WP:PRIMARYTOPIC—I'd argue that it does comfortably. benmoore 11:56, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Re-propose as a multi-page move hosted at Talk:Cell. And speedy return of Cell (disambiguation) to Cell pending that discussion, on which I wish to remain neutral for now. Red <b style="color:#460121;">Slash</b> 23:45, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I would agree with that. I would actually have tagged for speedy return of the dab page as soon as someone objected, but I didn't want to interrupt traffic to the page for however long it would take for someone to act on it. <font color="FF6600"><font face="Times New Roman">Sunrise   <font size="1.8">(talk)  03:31, 10 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose. A competing top association is the original meaning, a small room, which persists in Prison cell.  "Cell" is ambiguous.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 12:46, 16 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose—best to leave cell as a disambig page for all uses of the word, and let Cell (biology) cover the specific biological use. N2e (talk) 13:13, 16 January 2014 (UTC)


 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Semi-protected edit request on 9 July 2014
The origin of the use of cell cites Micrographia, where the structure of cork is likened to the cells of a honeycomb, yet the text repeats the myth about cells in a monastery. There is no evidence that Hooke thought cells in cork looked like monastic cells, at the very least another source is required to justify the claim since the cited text contradicts it.

Pete Kirkham (talk) 20:15, 9 July 2014 (UTC)


 * Hi Pete, thank you for pointing this out. I have removed the text in question. --Demiurge1000 (talk) 22:46, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Removal of content

 * The first pathway, glycolysis, requires no oxygen and is referred to as anaerobic metabolism. Each reaction produces ATP and NADH, which are used in cellular functions, as well as two pyruvate molecules that are derived from the original glucose molecule. In prokaryotes, all energy is produced by glycolysis.
 * The second pathway, called the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is performed only by eukaryotes and involves further breakdown of the pyruvate produced in glycolysis. It occurs inside the mitochondria and generates much more energy than glycolysis, mostly through oxidative phosphorylation.

The above content I had removed, but since my removal has been reverted I will discuss here. The above lines are wrong, and can't be salvaged by simply changing some of the words: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes utilize many of the same metabolic pathways, including both utilizing glycolysis, the kreb's cycle, fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. If a discussion on their differing metabolisms is to be presented it should focus on the differing locations of where respiration occurs in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes(in their mitochondria), as well as the greater diversity of metabolic pathways found in prokaryotes.TypingAway (talk) 06:08, 8 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration are all very different things
 * The second line makes it sound like each reaction in glycolysis produces ATP and NADH, rather than all the reactions in total net them
 * Prokaryotes have hundreds, if not thousands of alternative ways to produce energy other than glycolysis
 * The Kreb's cycle is not exclusive to eukaryotes and is actually quite common in prokaryotes

Predominant component of plant cell wall is cellulose.
"Different types of cell have cell walls made up of different materials; plant cell walls are primarily made up of pectin, fungi cell walls are made up of chitin and bacteria cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan" Plant cell wall contains more cellulose than pectin. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Josemv (talk • contribs) 15:28, 25 April 2015 (UTC)


 * This is correct and thank you for letting us know. I have gone ahead and fixed it.TypingAway (talk) 06:11, 8 May 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 June 2015
I found the sentence, "The vacuoles of eukaryotic cells are usually larger in those of plants than animals," difficult to understand without reading it several times. I suggest a simpler re-wording:

In eukaryotic cells, the vacuoles of plants are usually larger than those in animals.

38.107.189.66 (talk) 18:21, 26 June 2015 (UTC)
 * "Eukaryotic" is actually redundant here. I changed it to "The vacuoles of plant cells or fungal cells are usually larger than those of animal cells".  Thanks for pointing out the problem. Looie496 (talk) 21:12, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

Proposed major overhaul
Hello there! I'm AmericanLemming, and I'm a junior at the University of Oklahoma. This semester I am taking Cell Biology, which is one of my pre-med requisites. The textbook for the course is Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th edition. This is the most recent version of the textbook, and has seven authors who have collaborated to condense the enormous amount of literature on the subject into some 1400 pages. Anyway, the point is that it is an authoritative, up-to-date, and comprehensive source on cellular biology; it's probably the most reliable source that we could use to write this article, only equaled by other up-to-date textbooks of its ilk.

What I'm getting at is that I would like to slowly improve this article throughout my fall semester (August 24th through December 18th). The article is decent but mediocre at present; it's a glorified outline with huge swaths of uncited text and overlinking. My proposed overhaul includes the following steps, not necessarily in this order (except for the first and last steps):
 * 1. Read the article so that I become familiar with it. Copy-edit and remove duplicate links.
 * 2. Review the suggestions for improvement found on the article's talk page.
 * 3. Add references from my textbook to uncited statements in the article body.
 * 4. Possibly revamp the organization of the article if there seems to be a more logical way to do it.
 * 5. Expand the article using my textbook. It currently sits at 2,363 words; a topic this broad and important should probably have an article 6,000 to 8,000 words long, and possible up to 10,000 words long.
 * 6. Nominate the article for GA status.

One other note: I plan on using footnotes to cite my textbook, seeing as I'll reference it hundreds of times in writing the article. (See the recently promoted FA Warren G. Harding for an example of what I plan to do.) Lastly, if you any recommendations, suggestions, concerns, or ideas, please let me know below. I don't own the article, so any active editor who watch-lists this page is free to improve upon my changes. Thank you. AmericanLemming (talk) 00:11, 22 August 2015 (UTC)


 * I support this idea. The page is a bit of a mess. It might be worth trading recency with open-access by referencing MBOC-4 rather than MBOC-6, since MBOC-4 is freely available online (see Gene for its extensive use in another article). Also, there are similar images by both user:LadyofHats and user:Kelvinsong. I have to say, I slightly prefer the Kelvinsong's File:Animal_Cell.svg image, but for consistency it's probably best to stick to user:LadyofHats for consistency. Some of the current images a re a bit redundant to one another (e.g. File:Endomembrane_system_diagram_no_text_nucleus.png doesn't really add anything). T.Shafee(Evo&#65120;Evo)talk 01:43, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Sounds like good news to me. If you're feeling energetic, the optimal solution to being accessible vs being up-to-date is probably to cite MBOC-4 whenever it's still accurate (which will be the vast majority of citations in an overview article), but to cite MBOC-6 or an open-access review article when it's not.
 * The See also section is also a pointer to opportunities for expansion. No mention at all of Cell culture, and only passing mention of Stem cells? Bah. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 02:20, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I would prefer to just use the most recent edition, but I see your point about the usefulness of the open-access edition; after all, nobody is going to buy the 6th edition and double-check all the page numbers in the footnotes. Perhaps I could use the 6th edition for all footnotes and then include the page number from the fourth edition as well when the two are largely in agreement. AmericanLemming (talk) 06:33, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I encourage you to take a shot at this, but don't be surprised if you find that expanding the article is much more difficult than you expect. The general rule is that the broader a topic, the more difficult it is to write about.  If everything you know about a topic comes from a single source, it is very difficult to write about it without simply paraphrasing the material in that source, and that isn't a good way to create an article.  (Strictly speaking, it is actually a copyright violation.)  However improving the accuracy and sourcing of the material that exists is quite a valuable thing to do in itself. Looie496 (talk) 13:24, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * My understanding is that close paraphrasing is considered a copyright violation, not paraphrasing in general. That being said, I see how the temptation to resort to close paraphrasing could be greater when only using a single source. Anyway, I will read through the essay Close paraphrasing, particularly the section How to write acceptable content. Hopefully that will help me address your concern and stay away from close paraphrasing and thus violating copyright. AmericanLemming (talk) 16:50, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I think Looie means that closely following the structure and presentation of another work is arguably a copyvio, not that you'd have problems with closely paraphrasing individual sentences. (Though of course that's also important to avoid.) It is worth carefully considering the overall structure and flow of the article in addition to adding and citing facts (maybe you could take a look at the tables of contents of other major textbooks to get a better sense of the different ways the material might be organized). I agree that this is a big project, but this article really needs some work, so thank you. Opabinia regalis (talk) 17:49, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * This is an area that unfortunately is widely misunderstood by Wikipedia editors. Our article on paraphrasing of copyrighted material covers the issues thoroughly.  As it states, "Paraphrasing of copyrighted material may reduce the probability that a court will find that copyright has been infringed; however, there have been many cases where a paraphrase that uses quite different words and sentence structure has been found to infringe on a prior work's copyright." Looie496 (talk) 14:56, 23 August 2015 (UTC)


 * Agreed. I'm somewhat familiar with this article (having done some work on it in the past), so I'm happy to help. I think the biggest issue is the lack of coverage of important subjects, coupled with what is probably over-coverage of cellular structure. You might find the "To-do list" at the top of this talk page helpful. I also have MBOC6 and a few other textbooks to refer to if necessary. <b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b> <i style="font-size:11px">(talk)</i> 04:09, 23 August 2015 (UTC)
 * A suggestion as to how to handle referencing two MBOC versions. Most of the textbook is pretty unchanged, therefore it should be possible to use links to MBOC4 for most statements. MBOC6 should probably only be used for the few cases where they differ. The online version of MBOC4 doesn't have pages as such, so you can only point to chapter sections, although that proved entirely sufficient for the Gene page. T.Shafee(Evo&#65120;Evo)talk 12:28, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

Cell biology
Additionally, just to make an already large task larger, it might be useful to simultaneously skim over the article about the discipline Cell biology and what info should go in which. T.Shafee(Evo&#65120;Evo)talk 23:29, 23 August 2015 (UTC)

Indefinite postponement of major overhaul
Hello all. You may have been wondering why I haven't begun overhauling the article, or why I haven't edited the article in over a week. I'm finding that my class load is enough to keep me busy all the time; I barely have enough time to read Molecular Biology of the Cell, let alone use it to improve this article. And I hate it when editors say they're going to do something and then don't do it and don't even bother to explain why they're not doing it, so hence this post here. I bit off more than I could chew in saying I would improve this article, and I will try to keep that in mind before making any other outlandish, grandiose promises on Wikipedia in the future.

I may tweak the article some if I can find some time here and there, but I am 100% certain I will not be completely rewriting the article. I will continue making some improvements to Wikipedia over the course of the semester, but that will mainly take the form of fixing typos and working on my list of important Wikipedians by subject area, which you can find here: User:AmericanLemming/Noteworthy Wikipedians. Again, I apologize if I got any of your hopes up that somebody would finally fix up this article, and I will endeavor to "underpromise and overdeliver" in the future. AmericanLemming (talk) 06:29, 5 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Hey, no problem, and thanks for the note. I learned long ago never to promise anything on Wikipedia.  Real life is just too unpredictable. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 06:42, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

November 2015
explanations for my edits are in my edit summaries. I could also describe how we don't have nearly the strength of sources that would be necessary to support a new category of life... <b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b> <i style="font-size:11px">(talk)</i> 20:30, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Apologies - hasty revert - have restored your versions. --Iztwoz (talk) 20:40, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks very much. :-) <b style="color:#F60;font-family:Times New Roman">Sunrise</b> <i style="font-size:11px">(talk)</i> 23:16, 22 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Cell (biology). Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/biog1101/outlines/Bonner%20-Origin%20of%20Multicellularity.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—<sup style="color:green;font-family:Courier">cyberbot II <sub style="margin-left:-14.9ex;color:green;font-family:Comic Sans MS"> Talk to my owner :Online 05:06, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Periodic table
What chemical elements of the periodic table are cells made of? This article does not mention this information. --Wyn.junior (talk) 20:58, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Where is DNA?
In article; Some eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria also contain some DNA.

What organelles? I can’t see it under Organelles or with Wiki search.

(And I couldn’t get Google to tell me either.)

MBG02 (talk) 12:38, 7 January 2019 (UTC)


 * Take another look at Organelle and the articles Mitochondrion and Plastid. Plant surfer  14:45, 7 January 2019 (UTC)


 * Thanks but I still can’t get it. Is there DNA in any of; Ribosome,Vesicle, endoplasmic reticulums, Golgi apparatus, Vacuole, Cytosol, Lysosome, Centrosome, Cell membrane?
 * (I removed that category line you added; I presume accidentally.)
 * MBG02 (talk) 23:42, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

Translate from russian ru:Шаблон:Клетка Template:Eukaryotic cell with differentiating history
Please translate from russian ru:Шаблон:Клетка Template:Eukaryotic cell. See also Эритроцит--Axon-x (talk) 23:28, 25 January 2019 (UTC)

each cell has a history of differentiation --Axon-x (talk) 20:26, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

each cell type has a protein differentiation factors, protein on membrane, protein on nucleus membrane, interacting with other cells cytokines, protein  proliferation factors--Axon-x (talk) 20:33, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

Why glycans aren't mentioned?
This article says "Every single cell in the human body is covered with a collection of glycans", and that they are a very important part of the cell, yet this wiki article doesn't mention glycans at all. Yurivict (talk) 04:02, 11 February 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 March 2019
Please change "humans contain more than 10 trillion (1013) cells." to "humans contain more than 37.2 trillion (3.72 × 1013) cells."

According to this research 10 trillion is a common mistake that has no trusted reference and the new estimation is 3.72 trillion.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/03014460.2013.807878 Sorryasshere154 (talk) 22:03, 24 March 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ – Þjarkur (talk) 05:08, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 August 2019
So which people are not growing it is the problem of some cell of her or his he have not many cell 2405:204:3011:9E1B:0:0:AE2:50B1 (talk) 15:45, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
 * You can ask questions such as these at Stackexchange. See also – Thjarkur (talk) 17:03, 27 August 2019 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 January 2019 and 24 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Brayan1110.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:46, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2020 and 1 July 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): KeeganD1. Peer reviewers: Ehyer11, At2118.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:46, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 January 2019 and 18 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jajc1128.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:03, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Cell
Cell is a basic unit of life. There are two types of cells namely;
 * Plant cell
 * Animal cell Dipesalema (talk) 01:32, 16 April 2020 (UTC)


 * This is an oversimplification. It is more accurate to group cells by Bacterial and Eukaryotic, then zoom in to the differences of each group. For example, Eukaryotes encompass major groups of cells, the majority being unicellular protists, and the others being plants, algaes, animals, and fungi. ( Single Eukaryote T / C 20:58, 16 January 2021 (UTC))

Just a small appreciation.
The complexity of a cell is amazing for its microscopic size. A water molecule is about 0.275 nm (Nanometers). Size up to the hemoglobin,(a protein) and you step up dramatically in size from 0.275 to 5 nm. Another size up and you get the HIV virus at 120 nm, another dramatic change in size. Another step in the stairs of the size of unimaginably small things, you get a T-cell, at roughly 5-8 mm (micrometers), again, much larger than the last. Then, finally, at the top of the stairs, a red blood cell, at 6-8 mm. The first not-so-dramatic change.

Another Language
Hi! I wrote this article on the Zulu version of Wikipedia and I was trying to link it to this one as a new language but I can't because this one is locked. Can someone help me? SmangaMbongwa (talk) 00:14, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi SmangaMbongwa, I've never done this myself, but I believe the answer to your question is at Help:Interlanguage_links. You should be able to accomplish this by adding a link to the wikidata entry. Best of luck! Ajpolino (talk) 05:39, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Number of cells in the human brain
Currently says: "The human brain accounts for around 80 billion of these cells" and cites Azevedo et al. That is a good reference source. But the reference says that there are on average 86 billion neuronal and 85 billion non-neuronal (glial) cells i.e. about 170 billion cells.

Duplicated citations
From what I had analyzed in a second update that attempted to redo the use of reFill2 to fix the article references, there were duplicated citations on that article that I fixed. However, a user named claims that the fix of the duplicated citations was incorrect on the first go at reFill2. I had made an effort to make the reference fixes correct again. I can't see a way that it isn't an issue about duplicated citations, though I can see a potential issue regarding reFill2 trying to rename the reference names. Refer to User talk:Mr Serjeant Buzfuz for further context about the issue. Qwertyxp2000 (talk &#124; contribs) 09:29, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

can we make a cell by ourselves
How did cell come into this world? Vivekpro (talk) 15:46, 18 May 2023 (UTC)


 * @Vivekpro sure I'll help you out in this....
 * Creating a cell: while we cant directly produce a cell from its scratch, rather scientists can modify, manipulate and engineer it for various purpose like producing medicines or to find out deceases.
 * Origin of a cell: see there are many theories in this context and has a fascinating history after all, the most widely acceptable theory is abiogenesis which suggests that in the early days simple organic compounds were formed and eventually combined to create primitive cell. This theory futher supported by the experiment of Miller-Urey experiment which demonstrated that amino acid could form with certain condition.
 * Hope this helps. Thank you, Have a nice day :) SciXplorer (talk) 09:03, 21 September 2023 (UTC)


 * This discussion is straying into WP:NOTFORUM territory. But there's certainly no call to make Cell (biology) overlap with Abiogenesis, which is about the origin of life, or if you will of organisms: which happened to be cells. Otherwise, all high-level biology articles (cell, organism, evolution, life, biology, ...) would end up covering the same material. Chiswick Chap (talk) 12:44, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

To-do list cleanup
I'm just taking a gander through the to-do list that is on top of the talk page, listing notes on what I find.

Monk vs. Honeycomb - In Observation 18 of Micrographia, Hooke specifically notes "I could exceeding plainly perceive it to be all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular; yet it was not unlike a Honey-comb in these particular". There is no mention of any monastery or monks in this section, or the whole book for that matter

Cells in the human body - According to Sender 2016, there are 30 trillion human cells and 38 trillion bacterial cells in the human body. These numbers are radically different than the 100 and 50 trillion figures listed above.

This is my first time ever taking on something like this... let's see what happens Earth8845 (talk)


 * With this evidence, you may feel free to update the article accordingly, with suitably clear edit comments (that might mention this talk page). Chiswick Chap (talk) 12:42, 21 September 2023 (UTC)