Talk:Cell division/Archive 1

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Anzoo789.

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Info from Cell (biology) to be included
''The following info was dumped on Cell (biology). Please read it and see if it needs to be included in this article. I personally suspect it to be a description of mitosis. Striked through info was included in mitosis article after all.'' -- [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:52, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC) Cell Division: The series of processes by which a cell divides into two or more cells. The stages of cell division: in order Interphase: DNA is copied. Chromatin present. Centrioles present. Prophase: Chromatin forms chromosomes. Nuclear membrane disappear. Metaphase: Chromosomes are guided by centrioles and line up down the center of the cell. Anaphase: Chromosomes split in half and start moving away from the center of cell. Telephase: Chromosomes form chromatin again. 2 nuclear membranes form. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides. 2 daughter cells form.

Daughter cells: the new cells formed by cell division Chromatin: long tangled strands of DNA. Chromosomes: DNA arranged in a neat “X” shape Centrioles: The particles that move the organelles and DNA during cell division.

Something should be added about the history and discovery of cell division. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.88.193.199 (talk) 15:41, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

A grammar correction should be made in the sentence that says "followed by two divisions -" then start new period--Anzoo789 (talk) 02:46, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

Telomeres
It should be noted that normal cells do indeed have a system to restore telomeres. As said, these wear out after some 52 divisions. A repair system is needed because otherwise cells would die in mere months. This is particularly true of lower intestine cells, for example.

The info on telomerase being absent in normal cells is wrong. Redmess 11:53, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

-I think it is not. Only stem cells still have telomerase. Differentiated cells don't => it's not possible to make infinite coltures with differentiated cells. --ITookUrNick 16:55, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

While you are editing this "Cells stop dividing because the telomeres, protective bits of DNA on the end of a chromosome[citation needed]." That is not a complete sentence. It is a preposition. You must add that the telomere do something at the end, or chamge it to read "of" the telomeres. TeigeRyan (talk) 08:35, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Mitosis
Shouldn't this article be part of the above? Just asking... --Stormbay 18:00, 24 May 2007 (UTC) I trhought that thyis gave iinformational things i would expiereement a little more Bill Nye the sience guy

Yes it definately gives the experimental facts as much as possible. We'll try to do best. Surya Panta (talk) 12:46, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

daughter cells
it would be nice if science were less sexually biased. a cell, when it divides, should yield child cells, not daughter cells or son cells. 68.247.60.74 (talk) 01:29, 22 February 2008 (UTC)


 * There's also sister taxa. It seems very biased toward women, but I'd say it was actually the opposite if anything. Ever notice how people always refer to an animal of unknown sex as 'he'? Richard001 (talk) 09:19, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

WRONG

-Umm...no offence, but this 'talk' is irrevalent (pardon my spelling), and, yes, there is a none 'sexual' way of calling the offspring and that is calling it/them the 'offspring cells' a politically correct way of saying it, if you will. (And who's the jerk that put "WRONG"?) 76.173.217.110 (talk) 05:37, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Problem
This is incorrect. I am not an expert on the subject, so I'm not going to elaborate that much - I'm just going to say that TELOMERASE is important in DNA REPLICATION and it is not only present in cancer cells - IT'S PRESENT IN ALL. It's used to elongate the lagging strand in the synthesis of DNA in order to prevent crucial proteins from being eliminated in the last stages of replication. Cancer cells do not stop growing because of inactivated tumor-suppressor genes (for example, p53 and pRb), not because of the presence of telomerase/telomeres. Someone should fix this. I couldn't figure out how to report an inaccurate article.
 * The above comment was placed in the article at Cell division by 35.11.241.167 at 04:03, 16 March 2011 (UTC). I have moved it to here and will inform the IP. Johnuniq (talk) 07:20, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

Needs a history section
Discovery by Robert Remak and Rudolf Virchow in mid 19th. pgr94 (talk) 13:13, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Distribution of organelles - information missing from article
In the context of the current UK debate on 'three parent babies' (see for example Church of England statement on Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy and Three Parent Babies article by Independent science editor Steve Connor) I wanted to know how mitochondria are distributed into daughter cells during cell division. This should be generalised to cover all organelles. Please consider adding. Imaginif (talk) 11:57, 1 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 5 one external links on Cell division. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20151225154546/http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html to http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html#Prokaryotic%20Cell%20Division
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20151225180111/http://cellimages.ascb.org/u?/p4041coll11,88 to http://cellimages.ascb.org/u?/p4041coll11,88
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20151225173720/http://cellimages.ascb.org/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/p4041coll11 to http://cellimages.ascb.org/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/p4041coll11
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20081028200816/http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/suppl/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00114.x/suppl_file/Movie+S1.mov to http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/suppl/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00114.x/suppl_file/Movie+S1.mov
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20081028200817/http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/suppl/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00114.x/suppl_file/Movie+S2.mov to http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/suppl/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00114.x/suppl_file/Movie+S2.mov

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 15:51, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 11:07, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Triple cells
Can "special" cells split into three? Are there examples? What might be a possible mechanism? And yes. I did try to paste 262144 tildas into the page, but it didn't work. If I create a talk page, it will be exclusively for filling with random characters. Because its fun. 32ieww (talk) 01:36, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

Stages of Prophase 1
Prophase is the first stage of division. At this point, the nuclear envelope will be broken down. Long strands of chromatin condense to form shorter more visible strands called chromosomes.[1] Chromosomes will also be visible under a microscope and will be connected at the centromere. Prophase in meiosis differs from prophase in Mitosis. In meiosis prophase has sub stages, also known as reduction division. This division includes leptoneme, zygoneme, pachyneme, diploneme, and diakinesis. Leptoneme, the first stage of prophase 1 in meiosis, is known for its threadlike characteristics. While in this stage, the replicated chromosomes are beginning to condense. Zygoneme, the second stage, consist of the chromosomes synapse, becoming pairs. Following this stage is pachyneme. Homologous chromosomes are modified by thickening, shortening and finally separating. When the homologous chromosomes separate they do so in fours and are referred to as chromatids. After the chromosomes have been modified they begin to move away from each other except for at the chiasma, in the diplonema. The final stage of prophase 1 in mieosis, diakinesis, follows the condensing of chromosomes and dispersion of nucleolus fragments and nuclear envelopes[2]. ( YellowCat5 (talk) 02:06, 3 February 2017 (UTC) )

Additions to Spindle Fibers and M phase with implications to Medicine
Coltonboney (talk) 21:43, 30 April 2017 (UTC)In the article, the prophase section reads ,"The nuclear envelope is broken down, long strands of chromatin condense to form shorter more visible strands called chromosomes, the nucleolus disappears, and microtubules attach to the chromosomes at the kinetochores present in the centromere. Microtubules associated with the alignment and separation of chromosomes are referred to as the spindle and spindle fibers.". Then the following section in Metaphase it says "Spindle and spindle fibers have already connected to the kinetochores." I would condense this information in the prophase section so readers are less confused. and just say," the nucleolus disappears, and microtubules, known as spindle fibers, attach to the chromosomes at kinetochores in the centromere.". Then in metaphase section you can say, "Spindle fibers attached during prophase align chromosomes in the mid-line of the cell." I think wording it this way takes out a lot of confusing and extraneous language. Additionally, in the anaphase section, the only mention of spindle fibers is in reference to them separating the sister chromatids. I think it should also be mentioned that the spindle fibers not attached to the chromatids begin to elongate the cell, creating a more oval shaped cell with evenly dispersed cytoplasm and organelles. I would write, "Additionally, spindle fibers not attached to the chromatids act to elongate the cell, dispersing cytoplasm and organelles to ensure daughter cells have equal size and functionality." Following that, I might add that in meiosis for eggs, this same process is used to remove polar bodies from the primary oocyte. This concept in particular was difficult for me to research and find an answer and could be described easily in a sentence or two sentence. In the 'variants' section I would write, "In oogenesis, spindle fibers not only separate sister chromatids, but regulate the amount of cytoplasm and organelles in both Meiosis I and Meiosis II. This helps create a large ovum while spindle fibers move to separate out the polar bodies." Lastly for this cell division page, I think an introduction into medicine and the cell cycle would be appropriate following the variants section. While there is endless information out there about cell division and medicine, my main contribution to the article is about the role of spindle fibers. For example, failure of spindle fibers in Meiosis I can lead to aneuploidy diseases like Down syndrome and Turner syndrome. However, poisoning the spindle fibers with drugs like Taxol prevents cells from creating a spindle fiber network require for cytokinesis. I think this would give readers some easy examples of how cell division causes well know disease, as well as why our understanding of cell division is important to creating new medicines.

References: Hornick, Jessica E. et al. “Live-Cell Analysis of Mitotic Spindle Formation in Taxol-Treated Cells.” Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 65.8 (2008): 595–613. PMC. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.

Chiang, Teresa, Richard M. Schultz, and Michael A. Lampson. “Meiotic Origins of Maternal Age-Related Aneuploidy.” Biology of Reproduction 86.1 (2012): 3. PMC. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.

Gorbsky, Gary J. “The Spindle Checkpoint and Chromosome Segregation in Meiosis.” The FEBS journal 282.13 (2015): 2458–2474. PMC. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.

Van Vuuren, Rustelle Janse et al. “Antimitotic Drugs in the Treatment of Cancer.” Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 76 (2015): 1101–1112. PMC. Web. 30 Apr. 2017.

"Mechanism of the chromosome-induced polar body extrusion in mouse eggs". Wang Qiong, Catharine Racowsky, Manqi Deng. Cell Division, Vol. 6, 17. 2011.

Cell division (bacteria vs. eukaryotes)
I suggest to move this page to Cell division (eukaryotes) and Fission (biology) (which describes bacterial cell division) to Cell division (prokaryotes). The current terminology and thus the unclear or inconsequent separation of the two hampers the whole community from seriously editing each page. Both are highly complex and very different processes and clearly need separate pages, but the lackluster mixing of them is just a complete killer for both of them. Peteruetz (talk) 02:28, 14 April 2018 (UTC)