Talk:Censorship in Nigeria

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Adamu, Abdalla Uba. "Enter the dragon: Shari'a, popular culture and film censorship in northern            Nigeria." Institut für Afrikanistik, University of Cologne, Meister-Ekkehard-Straße 7 (2004). This source concerns with the absence of distinction between “church” and state in Nigeria as reflected in the domination of Sharia law over state law when it comes to media censorship. The source also provides an insight into Nigerian’s idea of censorship and how such concept differ among members of society, from government official to Muslim censors. I would like to use this particular source in my article in order to prove that censorship in Nigeria is unique because of its motive. Here, censorship did not only act as a tool for social and political order, but also, a guideline to religious purity and sanctification. Drewett, Michael, and Martin Cloonan. “And the Beat Goes On? Message Music, Political Repression and the Power of Hip-Hop in Nigeria”. Popular Music Censorship in Africa. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006. Print. This book presents an aspect of censorship that tends to be overlooked by scholars: music. Music has become one of the most targeted form of media in Nigeria because it is the symbol of the clash between traditional West Africa and modern music that leans toward Western values and standard. I will use this source to aid me in arguing that music was so powerful that it has been considered to be an instigator of violence toward Nigerian virtual and national identity and a threat to laws and order in the region.

Eribo, Festus, and William Jong-Ebot. “Internal and External Factors Affecting Press Freedom in Nigeria”. Press Freedom and Communication in Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World, 1997. Print. This is a book that summarizes on the ownership of Nigerian press and its relation to the military dictatorship, external forces and democratic potentials. Also, diversity poses an interesting question of how coverage is handled as the Nigerian government tries to make sure that all tribes received a relatively fair amount of coverage. I will use some information provided in this book in order to discuss the interworking complexity of censorship and the ongoing social movements in Nigeria. This is a book that put an emphasis on journalism, which is also a crucial component in my research as a whole.

Griswold, Wendy. “To Understand the Novels in Nigeria”. Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2000. Print. This is another book that deals with a different aspect of censorship that deserves more attention from the scholarly discourse: literature. During the 1900’s, Nigeria was under colonial rule of Britain and revolutionary literature has inspired the entire country to break the shackle for independence. Today, Nigerians still produces literary works, however, they are now have to face the close surveillance and scrutiny of every single thing they wrote because of the power of word, to inspire disorder. I will use this source to make relevant comparison between pre-independence and post-independence revolutionary literature as a way to portray censorship in Nigeria as a historical process with constant transformation and evolution. Japheth, Yaya. "Censorship and the Challenges of Library Services Delivery in Nigeria." Library Philosophy and Practice (2013): 1003. Digital Commons. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. This source delivers a librarian perspective into both internal and external censorship of books in Nigeria and how it was contradictory to the promise of informational freedom initiated by the Nigerian government. The source also discusses the involvement of self-censorship, usually done unconsciously among librarians, and how such mindset and behavior illustrates the alignment of individuality to the national interest. This document is useful for my article because it elaborates on censorship at all stages in Nigeria. It also allows the readers to have a more holistic view of such constrain that can be tied back to the blurred line between what is public and private in Nigeria.

Green, Jonathan (2005). Encyclopedia of censorship (New ed. ed.). New York: Facts On File. ISBN 1438110014. This book explains the historical context behind censorship in Nigeria and discusses some of the ongoing policies that limited the rights of public access of information. In addition, Jones (the author) provides six case studies that argues for the association between governmental controls as a typical behavior of a young democracy. I think that this source will give my article a bird-eye view into Nigerian censorship and help me as a writer, to obtain a better understanding of how agencies and individuals interact and influence constrain of speech and expression.

Kamba, Manir Abdullahi. "The Changing Role of Researchers in Nigeria: The Internet as an          Alternative Future to Modernity." Library Philosophy and Practice (2008): 229. Digital Commons. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. This source addresses the regression of academic knowledge in Nigeria due to the amount of limited internet access imposed by the government. With the internet controlled and owned by the government, Kamba concluded that such practice is a sign that the government is willing to risk social advancement in order to preserve the so called laws and orders. I will use this source to introduce the readers into internet censorship where the internet was seen as a “publisher” of ideas and an indirect threat to the state.

Mgbejume, Onyero. "Constraints on mass media policies in Nigeria." Africa Media Review 5.2 (1991): 47-57. An older documentation of Nigerian reaction toward new media and technology coming from the West in 1991. This source argues that the confrontation between the regime and the publisher has resulted in the nationalization of news media as the watch dog function of journalism becomes diminished and suppressed. I think that this document will be an appropriate choice for the dissection of the double-edged sword relation between the state and the media and how such tension can add or detract from Nigeria’s ability to integrate into an increasingly globalize world.

Olukotun, Ayo (1988). "Nigeria's Second Republic: presidentialism, politics and          administration in a developing stage". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 28 (1). This source focuses political censorship during the Second Republic of Nigeria, which was the time when censorship was at its peak. It also provides some important insights on the magnitude and the scale of the censorship operation performed by the government at the beginning of the 1970's.

Omoera, Osakue Stevenson. "Towards Redefining the News Agenda in the Nigerian Media for           National Development." Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations 3.5 (2014). This source went back to the very first media development in Nigeria and elaborate on the impact of censorship on Nigerian society as a whole in terms of freedom and progression. Unlike other sources that were mentioned in this bibliography, Omoera went out of her way to explain why the government decided to censor and how such constrain can be rationalized and understood. This source will help me balance out the censorship debate so that my article wouldn’t sound one-sided or biased.

Saidu, Balkisu. "Rethinking ‘Freedom of Information’ for a New Era of Transparency in Public           Service Media in Nigeria." Medijske Studije 5.10 (2015). This source provides a deep analysis in regards to public service media in Nigeria through a study done using qualitative doctrinal and imperial method of research. The source also addresses some of the issues that the Nigerian might face if they were to provide actual transparent news report as well as making suggestions that touches on some low-hanging fruits in a censorship “jungle”. This research paper will help tie back my article into the larger theme of the class by emphasizing on how censorship, throughout the world history, has been repeated, patterned and possibly, renovated accordingly to the contemporary needs.

Uche, Luke Uka (1989). Mass media, people, and politics in Nigeria. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. ISBN 81-7022-232-X. This is a book that elaborates on the political landscape of the 1970's in relation to public order in Nigeria at the time. There is a session in this book that dedicates to censorship on the press and its influence over the livelihood of the Nigerian people in general.

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