Talk:Cephalochordate

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Nsabo, Dr.Biology.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 6 February 2019 and 17 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): RameyEA, Lunord22.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 17 February 2021 and 28 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Noname352, ThompskoNew. Peer reviewers: IreneIIS, AlyssaJordan.

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Joe.Perez.

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Not the best article
I just made a few changes to the wording of this article, but it still is poorly written and not very informative. Particularly, the section "Feeding" needs help: wheel organ? atripore? Any editor with access to reference materials on this taxon is heartily encouraged to take a stab at it.--Quisqualis (talk) 04:46, 16 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Hello, to answer your question on the feeding section, the wheel organ is the name for the tracts that contain the cilia. The cilia movement resembles the rotation of a "wheel" hence the name wheel organ. The atriopore is the final exit point for the filtered water.

Possible Additions to Article
It was noted that there is a good amount of information missing (e.g. morphology and development). Please refer to the link provided. It is a possibly resource to start looking at other information to include: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Cephalochordata
 * From this source, it is suggest that adding information regarding general cephalochordate development, and adult morphology would be beneficial. An open source image can be found under "Physical Features" in the link provided which would also aid with the issue of lacking visual elements.

Overall, the page does need to be rewritten to add levels of complexity and more clarification. For example, "hard parts" may be expanded upon. Are there specific examples of hard parts that are more readily fossilized?--Joe.Perez (talk) 18:25, 17 February 2017 (UTC)

The sentence "They are only a few centimeters in length and due to their lack of a mineralized skeleton, their presence in the fossil record is minimal." lacks a correct citation. The link for reference six does not work. This the correct link https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1206375 Scientist06 (talk) 05:59, 26 February 2022 (UTC)

No reference to the studies in this quote "Gene-expression studies on embryonic patterning suggest that body axis formation has inverted somewhere between hemichordates and chordates, where the ventral formation of body structures in earlier hemichordates is observed to be dorsal in cephalochordates."Scientist06 (talk) 05:59, 26 February 2022 (UTC)

Updated "Feeding" Section
I have just reformatted parts of the feeding section, and added some information. Feel free to review it and let me know where it can be strengthened.--Joe.Perez (talk) 05:37, 24 February 2017 (UTC)


 * I did a few tweaks to the writing; check to see if I unintentionally changed the meaning. Do you have anything more to say on the pharyngeal bars, such as what they are homologous to? If not, just put them in quotes like the wheel organ. Lastly, I got confused following the food past the wheel organ. If the oropharyngeal cavity has the wheel organ at the back, and then the food goes to the velum and next the pharynx, how does that work? Clarify any way you choose to. Thanks for taking the time to expand the feeding section.--Quisqualis (talk) 06:03, 24 February 2017 (UTC)


 * Thank you for the input. As far as I can tell, the tweaks you made still make the writing flow the way I intended. In regards to the flow of food, from my understanding, the velum itself is located at the posterior wall of the oral hood following the wheel organ. There is a opening in the velum that allows food to enter the pharynx after it has been sifted through with the velar tentacles. In the pharynx, the endostyle is on the ventral side and secretes mucus for the food particles to stick too. This mucus is also secreted by the pharyngeal bars, and the food is transported dorsally to the epibranchial groove where the food is transported to the gut. I will discuss this with a professor of mine tomorrow morning to verify this information. After I receive some clarification I can see how I can alter the section a little more.--Joe.Perez (talk) 06:32, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

Oral hood?
Very interesting picture, but sadly it is not explained in this article nor anywhere else in Wikipedia. Can somebody with sufficient knowledge please explain what we are looking at and how this relates to this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Codiv (talk • contribs) 14:21, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Your confusion may come from the fact that the photo belongs in the "Feeding" section, rather than in the References. "Oral hood" is described in the Feeding section. I moved the photo.--Quisqualis (talk) 01:35, 29 June 2017 (UTC)

Synapomorphies?
In the second sentence of paragraph one, there is mention of the 5 synapomorphies present in all chordates, without the mention of the word synapomorphies. Also, the definition is not entirely correct because they do not have to be present in the adult form. Should this be addressed?Dr.Biology (talk) 18:23, 16 February 2018 (UTC)


 * I am for dealing with it sooner, rather than later. WP has high standards, for which we might attempt to aim. Sorry I don't have time or expertise to tackle this.--Quisqualis (talk) 20:32, 16 February 2018 (UTC)

Morphology
A morphology section is needed before the feeding section. It should include a labeled diagram of the creature and lay out what the basic structures are.This would clear up several of the confusing points in the feeding section, and would allow for a clearer rewrite of that section. The Amphioxus page is much more robust than the Cephalochordate page and would be a useful reference for morphology specifically. I plan to create a basic morphology section that includes basic development and explains the significance (also in a figure) of the five major synapomorphies that classify Cephalochordates as chordates. The figure will show the five synapomorphies in color. The paragraph will be somewhat brief and focus primarily on what make a Cephalochordate a chordate but not a vertebrate. It will mention the Amphioxus as a living example, linking to that page for more information regarding the specifics of anatomy and lifestyle. I will be drafting this section in my sandbox. Are there any thoughts about this addition? RameyEA (talk) 21:19, 22 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Similar to above, I also believe a morphology section is needed to describe the evolution of cephalochordates that have led to their feeding capabilities.NoahMcGoff (talk) 00:24, 24 February 2021 (UTC)
 * The last sentence of the first paragraph of the morphology section of this article states that gene-expression studies were used to understand morphology. However no citation exists at the end of this information. Is Plagiarism possible here? Just wanted to point this out.DuneBuggy123 (talk) 18:21, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

Grammatical Errors Within The First Section
There are few editorial changes that can happen within this article. I would like to focus on the first section of the article. The first paragraph contained a few grammatical errors and improper sentence structure that can be improved with minor edits. I noticed that the 'they' was used a lot within this first paragraph. I believe this can be replaced with more professional wording like cephalochordates, potentially adding a few adjectives as well. I also notice in the first paragraph that the notochord only had excessive description after stating the five synapomorphies. There should be description about each individual synapomorphies to add more information to the article as well as educate readers on this topic.

The second paragraph I believe starts with a run-on sentence. I see a large amount of information within this sentence that it should be broken up into two sentences to emphasize the importance of this information. Next, I noticed that the words "no hard parts" was incorporated within the sentence. This can easily be replaced with "cephalochordates have no vertebrae or cranium, making it difficult to find fossil remnants". Lastly for the second paragraph, the last sentence does not flow with what is being discussed. the paragraph transitions to the structure of cephalochordates, to fossilization, then a single sentence about gill slits and separate sexes. There is no sentence before or after that explains the placement of this sentence. Therefore, I would recommend adding more information about these characteristics, move this sentence somewhere else in the article, or delete the sentence altogether.

Within the third paragraph, it is extremely short to even be considered a paragraph. A paragraph usually contains at least four sentences. I see the potential within this small paragraph, but it needs more information to flow from Point A to Point B. What evidence shows that the cephalochordates diverged away from the chordate subphylum? what factors allowed this to occur? Give the readers more information and understanding of the phylogeny that you discuss in the next sentence. This will allow the paragraph to have more structure and flow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ThompskoNew (talk • contribs) 17:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC) ThompskoNew (talk) 22:13, 16 March 2021 (UTC)

Article Propositions for Morphology Section
We believe a 'Morphology' section would be beneficial addition to the cephalochordates page to describe cephalochordate development and the significance that their structures serve. We would like to propose two different research articles that we would like to use for assistance in creating this section. The two references are located in our [|Group sandbox], and are references 6 and 8 in our list. Would research from these two articles be of benefit to the cephalochordates article?NoahMcGoff (talk) 23:21, 16 March 2021 (UTC)