Talk:Crested capuchin

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Ecology: As a forager, the crested capuchin may also may eat frogs or even small mammals. They are very skilled at manipulating food items to reach the food they want. While no crested capuchins have been recorded using tools, it is very possible that they do. Other species of robust capuchins that have been studied more, such as Sapajus nigritus, have been documented using stones to open food items such as fruits with hard shells or oysters. Given the similarities between the two species and their ranges, crested capuchins may also use tools in this way. (Fragaszy, 2004) Males ranked lower than the dominant male may also be a part of capuchin groups, but they often remain on the peripheral of the group. (Fragaszy, 2004)

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Taxonomy and phylogeny: When the crested capuchin was discovered, it was formally classified as Cebus apella robustus and considered a subspecies of the tufted capuchin. (Garber 2009). In 2001, Groves proposed that the crested capuchin was a subspecies of the black capuchin and should be moved to Cebus nigritus robustus. (Amaral, 2008). In 2012, it was proposed that the crested capuchin is a separate species from the black capuchin (Lynch) as well as tufted capuchins being in the genus Sapajus instead of Cebus, and therefore the crested capuchin should be classified as Sapajus robustus. It has also been estimated using mitochondrial DNA that the crested capuchin diverged from the black capuchin over 5 million years ago (Wright). However, Cebus nigritus robustus is still be used to refer to the crested capuchin. (Amaral, 2008) (Garber 2009)

Characteristics: The crested capuchin, unlike other species of capuchins, has a conical crest on the crown which is bright red with a black spot. This cone may also continue around the sides of the head to create a black beard. The rest of the fur may be brownish red or yellowish brown. The forearms, lower legs, and tail of the crested capuchin are all black, although these areas may be a mix of black and light yellow fur in females. Females also may have two lateral tufts on their crown that the males do not have. (Hill 1960) (Forbes n.d.)

Crested capuchins have a head-body length of 33 cm to 57 cm (13 to 22 in) and a tail length of 40 to 47 cm (16 to 19 in). The males are generally larger than the females of the species. (Hill 1960) (Forbes n.d.)

Sources:

Amaral, P., Finotelo, L., Oliveira, E., Pissinatti, A., Nagamachi, C., & Pieczarka, J. (2008). Phylogenetic studies of the genus Cebus (Cebidae-Primates) using chromosome painting and G-banding. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8

Forbes, H. (n.d.). A Hand-Book to the Primates (p. 212) (R. Bowdler Sharpe, Ed.). London: Library of Alexandria.

Fragaszy, D., Visalberghi, E., & Fedigan, L. (2004). The Complete Capuchin: The Biology of the Genus Cebus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Taxonomy, Distribution, Evolution, and Historical Biogeography of South American Primates. (2009). In P. Garber, A. Estrada, J. Bicca-Marques, E. Heymann, & K. Strier (Eds.), South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives In The Study of Behaviour, Econogy, and Conservation. Developments In Primatology: Progress and Prospects. New York, New York: Springer Science Business Media

Hill, W. (1960). Cebus Apella. In Primates: Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy. (Vol. IV: Cebidae Part A, pp. 483-485). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Wright, K., Wright, B., Ford, S., Fragaszy, D., Izar, P., Norconk, M.,. . . Alfaro, J. (2014). The effects of ecology and evolutionary history on robust capuchin morphological diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 82 Part B, 455-466. doi:January 2015

Cleard (talk) 16:14, 4 November 2015 (UTC)