Talk:Developmental coordination disorder/Archive 1

I
This is unrelated too the current discussion but I have a theory that it may have too do with the nerve system. Because I have Disgraphsia and my GP think's it to be highly likely that I have Dyspraxia as well. Because of those 2 things I have an idea that it may be caused due too minor damages in the spinal cord/never system that means that the body can't function properly. If so that would mean all people with one of these (disgrahpia, dyslexia, dispraxia and so on...) would have traits of the other? Yes or no. Please give reasons why. I'm a 13 year old and this idea came too me recently. I thought I'd share it with people who have these as well too see what they say? So please give your opinions on this theory/idea? — Preceding unsigned comment added by JPS1702 (talk • contribs) 12:24, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

When was dyspraxia discovered? 92.11.43.201 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 05:27, 7 February 2010 (UTC).

"It is a diagnosis of exclusion which entails the partial loss of the ability to coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures, in the absence of other motor or sensory impairments like[2] cerebral palsy,[3] muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease."

This sentence needs revising. I suggest:

'''Dyspraxia entails the partial loss of the ability to coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures. It may be diagnosed in the absence of other motor or sensory impairments like[2] cerebral palsy,[3] muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.'''

--92.4.83.114 (talk) 15:10, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

I have just created the dyspraxia page, and it is my first contribution. I'd like some help with making sure it fits in with the concept of wikipedia, and that it is NPOV enough! Thanks - PurpleHeather 22:36, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

The only NPOV problem I see with the page is the mention of the UK. I'm not quite sure what is meant by "support agencies" is this context, but I doubt they only exist in the UK, and if there aren't any mentions of UK-specific agencies then there's no reason to mention the UK. I'm not going to change it myself since I have no knowledge of the subject and don't know what the intended meaning was, so what I put in place might not be accurate. Isomorphic 05:28, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Theres no intro paragraph, but other than that its OK.

Oh, and as goes support agencies, they could easily be UK only - its not even recognised as existing in the Republic of Ireland. I've got some level of dyspraxia, but as it "doesn't exist", its ingored by schools, etc/ Kiand 17:45, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Further comment - I wonder if there's any scope for linking to the prosopagnosia entry as I feel there may be a connection between prosopagnosia and dyspraxia.

Support Agencies, Uk and Ireland
Sorry if this is covered in article, I am attempting to share knowledge with Kiand

I am a 55 y.o. male who discovered dyspraxia about 5 years ago. Sometimes referred to as DCD for Development Coordination disorder. There is Dyspraxia Foundation in UK but they tend to concentrate on kids and families. Because of tremendous overlap with other related conditions there are some multi ND (neuro diverse) organiasations for adults. I do not know about Ireland. In UK there is D.A.N.D.A. (I can never remember what the iniytials actually stand for but they have a web page. there are also about 300 or more of these characters in a Yahoo Discussion Board that has links and info for things all round the world and some very knowledgeable members. I'll attempt to post a link, I regret I have yet to understand the Wiki way of linking but in it's raw form, cut and pasted, try going to http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/Dyspraxia as a start. It is a members only site but the moderators usually deal with applications in a day or so, sometimes in hours ( I used to be one!)

Citations and clean-up needed
"In spite of this, Dyspraxics are usually of average or above-average intelligence." - phrases like there are around the article and need citations. This one is particularly posionous because it encourages the view that dyspraxia isn't a actual disability, merely somthing educational researchers made up as an excuse. It also ignores the large amount of undiagnosed dyspraxics that were ignored because they didn't have the right background for it to be noticed 85.210.8.223 21:44, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

I disagree. Dyspraxia is a SpLD (specific learning difficulty) so it does not affect overall IQ &/or ability, it just affects particular aspects of development. In my family, unusually high IQ & dyspraxia are associated - nearly everyone with dyspraxia in my family also has a postgraduate degree. The view that dyspraxia is associated with below-average intelligence is potentially damaging in two ways - it can prevent people who are otherwise obviously able from obtaining appropriate help, and it can mean that people diagnosed with dyspraxia are treated as globally learning-disabled when they can be very able in other areas.

(PLEASE sign your edits with 4 tildes so its easy to see who edited what) I deleted the quote anyway, because I couldn't find any formal text from the official sources that could back it up. I was using it as an example of original research that seems dominant in that section of the entry. I am trying to fix this by finding citations for the parts that do have basis in psychological study. Arthmelow 01:40, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

"Madeline Portwood makes the distinction that dyspraxia is not due to a general medical condition, but that it may be due to immature neuron development." who is Madeline Portwood? 85.210.8.223 19:29, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Madeleine Portwood: Specialist senior educational psychologist working for Durham County Council Educational Psychological Service. Specialises in children with emotional and behavioural disorders as well as 'Early Years' (pre 5)child development. Previous trustee of the Dyspraxia Foundation.

I've started by marking out the comments that need citations. I know some of it is on the dyspraxia foundation website or other places, and I also think some of it smacks of original research, and some of it I experience as a dyspraxic myself, but original research is not part of wikipedia, so we either need to find a proper source, or it has to go. 85.210.8.223 19:39, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

The "Developmental Profiles" needs to be changed so it emphasises that dyspraxia is a life long disorder, not merely a childhood one. Possibly have a profile then have a heading about the typical symptoms during childhood?85.210.8.223 19:47, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

DSM & ICD-10 have it down as a 'developmental disorder' so problems have to be apparent during childhood to obtain a diagnosis. However, I agree - not enough emphasis is given to the fact that dyspraxic children grow up to be dyspraxic adults.

"Role of support agencies Within the United Kingdom there are several agencies that are able to support children with dyspraxia. They may provide reports on the child’s progress" We possibly need to explain that outside the UK dyspraxia is often not seen wholeistically and is diagnosed as DCD, or Developmental Coordination Disorder, and in some of Europe it is called DAMP (Deficits in Attention, Motor Control and Perception) and is sometimes used to describe people who have signs of both DCD and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Possibly have DCD link to the dyspraxia page and explain that DCD is almost a subset of dyspraxia, focusing mainly on the physical side of things? 85.210.8.223 19:52, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

DAMP is also diagnosed in the UK - theoretically it is broader, practically there's very little difference except that DAMP overlaps more with ADHD so Ritalin is prescribed more often.

I have searched for citation for the "general diffuculties" section, and have been unsuccessful, but can confirm it to be mainly true (i am dyspraxic myself) so im sure there will be a mention someware --Kitten 21:29, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

The problem is that wikipedia has a "no original research" policy: so we *need* to find citations for the statements, even if we do agree that they are true. I think there are tonnes in the links, we just need to find them :-) Arthmelow 21:38, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Is linking the Dyspraxia foundation's symptoms page enough? Most of the things which are on here as unverified are also on there. Also, I agree that there needs to be more reference to the fact that it's a life long disorder. Development Dyspraxia (also known as Development Coordination Disorder) is different to Acquired Dyspraxia. "Developmental Dyspraxia (D.D.) is different from Acquired Dyspraxia (A.D.) in that there is no memory of Praxis for the system to recall. as treatment is given and Praxis learnt, it builds developmentally, increasing the amount and quality of actions, the brain affected in D.D. is immature, where that in A.D. has already matured, so children with Developmental Dyspraxia have no neurological memory of Praxis to work towards." - http://www.dyspraxia.org.nz/what_is.htm 89.240.145.183 16:00, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

It is imporant to note that dyspraxia is experienced by individuals and not organisations- this means that symptoms do not need to be catagorised to be real making references less important.

In addition some these refernces are comprehensive and simple searching on sites like http://www.dyspraxiafoundation.org.uk/ will reference many things marked as citation needed

We need to remember that life is not about catagorisation nor about reaching perfection. The nature of dyspraxia means that it is imposible to define- a simple difference in the functioning of the brain may cause a wide spectrum of symptoms.

People with dyspraxia may actually suffer different 'disorders' in reality but all be clasified as dyspraxia. Because of this the symptoms noticed may not have 'citations', there is a diference between original research into an unknown world of opinion and an original fact.

Right now I am writing this when I should be asleep, right now my brian is unable to shut of, and by now I should have finished work I was meant to do. This will remain imposible to define but what I have is labeled dyspraxia. Since we cannot understand the make-up of the brain we cannot define dyspraxia- and because of this we cannot create citations.

The removal of information due to a lack of citations would do more damage than good. The drive for non-original research defeats the purpose of having a wiki and could be the demise of wikipedia. (unsigned comment)

My previous comment covers it. We follow NOR policy or it goes. This page is muddled enough as it is. And yay for the person who suggested two articles for acquired dyspraxia and DCD: excellent idea! Arthmelow 13:11, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

I've cleaned up the 'general difficulties' bit, i've added an introductory bit and made some small ammendments- I thought that the article implied that all dyspraxics were like that which is simply false, so i've tweaked it a little to make Dyspraxia more open ended. --Mikeoman 20:03, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

I read this "Though unlike many on the autistic spectrum Dyspraxics may wish to live alongside others they often find it difficult. They can be messy and cluttered with a tendancy to outburst including agression, 'good and bad days' (mood swings) and difficulty in understanding the meaning of everyday interactions within a household" although this can be true in some cases I think again it implies it happens to everyone- I think it is the subject of debate as to whether the anger is a neurological thing or is it caused by the frustration of the dyspraxia itself.--Mikeoman 20:03, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

In the first paragraph - it says "failure!" - that's not right...

The statement "and has been believed to affect 8% to 10% of all children" is contested by other sources and the wording of the statement also implies it is no longer believed to be true. 84.13.130.217 12:00, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Limited geographic scope
I think this article has a huge bias towards the UK in general.--HisSpaceResearch 00:54, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Yes this is true. Not really sure what to do to fix it currently. Arthmelow 22:26, 13 November 2006 (UTC) Thinking about it, the last "role of support agencies" is the main bit that needs globalisation. The rest isn't as bad Arthmelow 22:32, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

I have found a few US based links which may help matters. It seems that Apraxia is the more standard name in the states, although a few use the term "dyspraxia". The main problem seems to be that it is under the NVLD umbrella there Arthmelow 19:33, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Ignore previous comment, have been put right! Have removed the strongly UK-based section of the article Arthmelow 17:24, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Merge with Apraxia
It seems that "apraxia" is more prevalant in the United States and "dyspraxia" is more prevalent in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. Discussion over how and if we do it below please. Arthmelow 20:10, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

RE: Merge with Apraxia: Please don't!  Apraxia is a symptom, rather than a specific condition, and can be defined as an inabilty to plan and sequence motor tasks (one definition - others are simlar). Apraxia may been in all sort of different conditions - inlcuding stroke and dementia. The "A-" prefix before the 'praxia' bit mean 'absence of'. The same actually applies to the term 'dyspraxia' - i.e. the word refers to a symptom caused by many things, rather than a specifc condition. The 'dys' in dysprxia means disordered or dysfunctional (as opposed to absent. Agruably the dyspraxia page itself should probably be relabelled "Development co-ordination disorder" (or whatever term you prefer) since it is a specific disease / syndrome that is being written about here - rather than just the the symptom 'dyspraxia'.  In practice the word 'dyspraxia' is not often used in its strict sense (i.e. to describe a milder version of apraxia), which is why its has been able to be used as a label for 'development coordination disorder'.  Don't confuse diseases with symptoms. (Jon, Lecturer in Medicine, UK)

I'm having difficulty finding sources: I may have jumped the gun a bit on the 50th page of google results. Merge tags are removed, and thank you if you did the introduction rewrite! Arthmelow 17:20, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Apraxia is usually 'cannot do something', Dyspraxia is 'have problems. Introduction rewrite covers it! 89.240.145.183 15:55, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Generalizations
Being dyspraxic myself, I read this article and I think that it does't really give a lot of scope, each case is individual and not every one suffers the same symptoms, I personally don't suffer from the physiological stuff anymore- I can play the guitar, go to the gym, type and write fairly neatly. The page doesn't speak about Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Speech and language therapy, the role of dyspraxia in schools- what support is available- LSAs, the role tiredness can play on a kid because the bones grow faster than the muscles, we need to make ammendments to the treatment of dyspraxia because the article implies that Dyspraxia is a black hole; that the condition cannot be improved- which is simply untrue. On a side note the article at the beggining distinguishes a difference between acquired dyspraxia and developental dyspraxia, however the article ceases to mention the acquired dyspraxia later--Mikeoman 21:32, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Hit the nail on the head!! We need two pages, one for aquired and one for birth. Mike's on to something (unsigned comment)


 * agree - DCD and dyspraxia are technically two different things. It seems that in the UK the two are used interchangably because it sounds like "dyslexia". Arthmelow 13:14, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Technically speaking, and often under many legal conditions, among professionals in the United States the term apraxia is used by medical doctors. The term dyspraxia is used by other professionals in the field, such as PTs and OTs, et al. Although persons in this latter group may often have a doctorate in their chosen expertise, one would have to have an actual degree in medicine to diagnose what is considered in the U.S. a medical condition, i.e. apraxia, as it were. For example, this distinction is made when evaluations, reports, etc. from different sources are necessary for a person to receive services related to their condition, such as a child in school. Subjectively and elsewise, it is not unusual for the two terms to be interchanged, but they boil down to the same neurological condition/symptom, or however one wants to argue that point. [Mimmy88 23:50, July 10, 2007]

Possible navigation template
Hi, folks.

Recently I have seen a number of article series on related topics that have implemented a very nice navigation box that makes it easy for users to see and link to closely related topics. Take a look at Judaism and Psychology for examples.

I'd like to propose doing something like this for the set of disorders that frequenty co-occur --- dyspraxia, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc -- and I've put together a strawman navigation box so we have something to look at and consider.

A group of editors working on the Dyslexia topic have already a navigation box there, so you can take a look there and see what it looks like. This particular navigation box is admittedly very specific to dyslexia, and I'm certain there would need to be changes made to make it useful for the dyspraxia topic.

Please take a look and see what you think.

Best,

Rosmoran 00:42, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

'general difficulties'
I see a great flaw in the section- a lot of the stuff that is under this great 'general difficulties' section when it can go under so sections above, but to do this we also need a little subsection to describe the more psychological elements of dyspraxia, I think 'cognitive effects' could be appropriate but i'm unsure whether it's appropriate to call it that, we do need a section on the psychological stuff, for example the problems we face when writing academic essays and so forth or the thinking section, what do you all think?--Mikeoman 09:39, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Definition
It entails the partial loss of the ability to coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures in the absence of motor or sensory impairments.

What does this mean? So, if motor or sensory impairments are present, a sufferer is able to cooridinate and perform all purposeful movements and gestures? That makes no sense. -- AvatarMN (talk) 06:37, 16 August 2008 (UTC)


 * No, it means that it's a diagnosis of exclusion. So if you're clumsy, and you have Multiple sclerosis or Parkinson disease, then your inability to "coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures" is put down to the MS or PD.  On the other hand, if you have no motor or sensory impairments, and you're still clumsy, then you can call it Developmental dyspraxia.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:28, 16 August 2008 (UTC)


 * Oh, I see. The line really needs to be clarified in some way...  I think if you have a inability to coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures, a motor or sensory imparement is definately present; dyspraxia.  It entails the partial loss of the ability to coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures in the absence of other motor or sensory impairments.  At least that.  Perhaps continue with "like multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease". -- AvatarMN (talk) 19:02, 16 August 2008 (UTC)


 * I agree that it could use some wordsmithing. I'm not sure that we want to imply that DD is actually a motor or sensory impairment, because that phrase is specific to damage to sensory nerves and motor nerves, and I don't think that is the issue with this condition.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:39, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Hidden content
Someone added this hidden content to the article:


 * To be integrated into the article if new information is covered:


 * There are not many disorders like Dyspraxia that are as little discussed and studied yet seemingly well known outside the U.S.A.


 * According to Dr. Mandy Kirby "Dyspraxia:The Hidden Handicap - Developmental Co-ordination Disorder" this diagnosis has existed for a long time. In the past it has been called the "clumsy child syndrome" and even such degrading labels as "motor morons"


 * According to the New Zealand Dyspraxia Organization "Developmental Dyspraxia has been recognized by doctors and therapists since very early this century, when it was first described it as 'congenital maladroitness'. In 1937 Dr Samuel Orton declared it to be 'one of the six most common developmental disorders', showing distinctive impairment of praxis'. Since then it has been described and labeled by many, such as A. Jean Ayres, who in 1972 called it a disorder of Sensory Integration, or Dr Sasson Gubbay who in 1975 called it the 'Clumsy Child Syndrome'. Other labels have included 'developmental awkwardness', 'sensorimotor dysfunction', 'minimal brain dysfunction', 'motor sequencing disorder', and most recently Developmental Coordination Disorder.

Also, someone added this:


 * I have not added support strategies for any of the 6 areas as I don’t know if that violates the medical disclaimers. I would appreciate advice on this.

I thought these might receive more attention here, than they would remaining hidden. Whatever404 (talk) 23:58, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Childhood Apraxia of Speech
The term "developmental dyspraxia" and old one, used decades ago. The most accept term today is childhood apraxia of speech, so why is the old term being used here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BlackJar72 (talk • contribs) 22:49, 12 July 2010 (UTC)
 * As a sufferer of dyspraxia myself, I can safely say that I have never heard "childhood apraxia of speech" mentioned by either of the two psychologists I saw, and the sites that I have seen on the subject still relate to it as dyspraxia or developmental dyspraxia. --Skamecrazy123 (talk) 15:33, 6 August 2010 (UTC)


 * Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a term used more in the USA in the UK we tend to use Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia (DVD). For more information you could have a look at my PubMed Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia (DVD) / Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) collection of research papers. dolfrog (talk) 19:47, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Section on Einstein
I notice that the section on Albert Einstein (it is under the list of famous people with dispraxia) mentions how he may have had Asperger's Syndrome. I noticed today (May 12 2011) that the British Medical Association book on autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is also on dyspraxia. Surely this implies a common link between all these conditions? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 15:54, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

Some informative research papers
There seem to have been a number of discussions relating ot terminology, and definitions of what the various names and terms mean, which is even more problematic when the researhers and medical profesionals have similar disputes. In an attenpt to find some clarification I have found some useful and informative research papers from the last decade or more.
 * Toward a Narrower, More Pragmatic View of Developmental Dyspraxia 2010,
 * Dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder? Unravelling the enigma 2007,
 * Toward An Understanding of Developmental Coordination Disorder: Terminological and Diagnostic Issues,
 * Terminology used in research reports of developmental coordination disorder.

There are more articles included in my online PubMed Dyspraxia - Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)collection. Unfotunately due to the nature of my own disability, auditory processing disorder, my copy editing skills are very close to nil when it comes to editing Wikipedia arricles, but i am able to find supporting research papers, if needed. dolfrog (talk) 06:45, 14 April 2012 (UTC)


 * There is a useful US research paper by the Taskforce on Childhood Motor Disorders Definition and Classification of Negative Motor Signs in Childhood and there are also the DSM IV definition and the proposed changes for DSM V to be published and take effect from May 2013 dolfrog (talk) 19:06, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

There is no cure?
How about 'There is no _known_ cure' or citation needed? If every scientist had this hubris we'd still be looking for the wheel. They don't even know the fundamental cause!

Maths Check
i am very bad at maths, so i thought i'd ask about the following section rather than editting:

Current estimates range from 5% to 20% with 5–6% being the most frequently quoted percentage in the literature. Some estimates show that up to 1 in 30 children may have dyspraxia.[8]

isn't 1 in 30 equivalent to around 3-4 percent (one in thirty is three in ninety)? doesn't that make the paragraph nonsensical, since it then gives an incorrect lower bound for the range of available estimates (1 in 30 is lower than 5%), and also make the latter sentence poorly phrased, since its placing, opening phrase and use of "up to" suggest that this is an extremely high estimate compared to the other, more reasonable one (the use of "some estimates", particularly, implies that these are outliers/ones that are not part of the majority or consensus of the other estimates)?

94.193.221.42 (talk) 01:01, 4 July 2012 (UTC)


 * You cannot be that bad at maths, because you're absolutely correct. I removed the sentence, also because it wasn't in the source anyway.  Lova Falk     talk   09:44, 13 March 2013 (UTC)

What Is Dyspraxia? (Horowitz, S.H., 2012. National Center for Learning Disabilities)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6tplQ3Kac4

Dyspraxia is a disorder that affects motor skill development, and people with dyspraxia have trouble planning and completing fine motor tasks. Learn more about this learning disability by watching the video, or by visiting: http://www.ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/dyspraxia

109.145.47.37 (talk) 11:15, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

Understanding DCD or Developmental Coordination Disorder (Barnett, 2015 Feb. Oxford-Brookes University)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZjQILd5esk

Sometimes referred to as ‘dyspraxia’ or ‘clumsiness’, this condition is more properly called Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).

Movement skills are a fundamental aspect of human behavior, enabling us to perform everyday tasks, to express ourselves and to maintain our health and well-being. However, some children lack the movement skills they need to cope with the everyday demands of home and school, despite normal intellectual, sensory and neurological development.

Anna Barnett is a Professor in Psychology at Oxford Brookes University researching perceptual-motor development, with a special interest in both DCD and handwriting. Her work focuses on the diagnosis and description of DCD, its impact on health and well-being and the development of tools to assist health and education professionals to identify and help children with movement and handwriting difficulties.

To find out more please visit - http://www.psychology.brookes.ac.uk/research/perception-and-motion-analysis/our-research

109.145.47.37 (talk) 11:17, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

Developemental Coordination Disorder, DCD, Dyspraxia, ADHD SPLD, support and information (Movement Matters, 2012).
http://www.movementmattersuk.org/

Movement Matters is the UK umbrella organisation representing the major national groups concerned with children and adults with coordination difficulties, a condition called Developmental Coordination Disorder (or DCD) and sometimes referred to as ‘dyspraxia’.

Movement Matters was formed early in 2011 to act as an umbrella group to bring together the key bodies involved in Developmental Coordination Disorder/Dyspraxia in the UK.

This includes DCD-UK, the Dyspraxia Foundation, and the National Handwriting Association.

2A02:C7D:1A2E:D400:4586:B5CB:4DAD:C99 (talk) 15:34, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

Dyspraxia and Employment (Kirby, A., 2012)
http://www.movementmattersuk.org/content/documents/DCD%20and%20employment.pdf

What is DCD?
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also known as Dyspraxia in the UK, is a common disorder affecting fine or gross motor co-ordination in children and adults. This lifelong condition is formally recognised by international organisations including the World Health Organisation. DCD is distinct from other motor disorders such as cerebral palsy and stroke and occurs across the range of intellectual abilities. Individuals may vary in how their difficulties present; these may change over time depending on environmental demands and life experience.

An individual‟s co ordination difficulties may affect participation and functioning of everyday life skills in education, work and employment. Children may present with difficulties with self-care, writing, typing, riding a bike and play as well as other educational and recreational activities. In adulthood many of these difficulties will continue, as well as learning new skills at home, in education and work, such as driving a car and DIY. There may be a range of co-occurring difficulties which can also have serious negative impacts on daily life. These include social and emotional difficulties as well as problems with time management, planning and personal organisation and these may also affect an adult‟s education or employment experiences.

Workplace difficulties described by adults are as follows:

 * May affect everyday life skills e.g. preparing a meal, ironing
 * Difficulties with handwriting
 * Skills requiring balance
 * Slower learning a new skill requiring speed and accuracy
 * Learning to drive a car
 * Organisation, time management and planning skills
 * Taking information down at speed.

2A02:C7D:1A2E:D400:4586:B5CB:4DAD:C99 (talk) 15:40, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

Emerging Adulthood and Developmental Co-ordination Disorder (Kirby, A., 2008)
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1193/1/uk_bl_ethos_502772.pdf University of Leeds

Abstract
The aim of this thesis was to investigate key themes of emerging adulthood in young adults with motor co-ordination difficulties from both a parental and personal perspective using a mixed method approach. A number of studies over the past twenty years have considered longer term outcomes in children with Developmental Co-ordination Disorder (DCD) (Losse, Henderson and others, 1991; Cantell, Smyth and Ahonen, 1994; Cousins and Smyth, 2003) but few have considered the social experiences of these young people and the views of their parents as they move into further and higher education. This study has focused particularly on the 16-25 year age group, a time of emerging adulthood and continuing developmental change (Arnett, 2000), which differs from the key previous study in adults by Cousins (2003), which centred around an older age group.

Emerging adults in further and higher education with motor difficulties completed questionnaires alongside a cohort of parents of these individuals. A subset from each group were also interviewed. A retrospective analysis of case notes of those seen in childhood from a clinical setting was also undertaken, in order to consider changes from childhood. Students were matched with a cohort of students without any reported difficulties. Social behaviour including driving, drinking, and leisure pursuits were compared with typically developing students. An additional comparison was made with students who considered themselves to be 'clumsy' but had a diagnosis of Dyslexia, in order to compare current support in Further and Higher Education.

This study has highlighted the persistent, pervasive and variable nature of DCD with over 50% of students reporting some level of impairment in an area of their life. These difficulties included learning to drive a car, difficulties with planning and organising themselves and their property, and continuing motor difficulties especially with handwriting and everyday tasks. Differences in social behaviour were also noted compared with control students. This study provides evidence that even in this resilient group who had reached further and higher education, DCD does not disappear for all once they reach adulthood.

62.102.148.162 (talk) 12:28, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

Being an Adult with Dyspraxia (Mecking, O., 2017 Feb 28th)
https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/02/being-an-adult-with-dyspraxia.html

I’ve always been clumsy. As a child, I had poor muscle control and was much slower than the other children. During games, I did my best to avoid the ball instead of catching or kicking it, to the annoyance of my friends. As an adult, I’m still clumsy and have trouble making my way in the world. I keep on getting lost. My mom sometimes says, “think carefully where you want to go. Then, go in the other direction.” Sound advice, but whichever way I ended up going, it would still probably be the wrong one.

All of these are symptoms of a condition called dyspraxia.

The internationally recognized name is actually Developmental Coordination Disorder, or (DCD) but it’s often used interchangeably with the term dyspraxia. Coordination problems lie at the heart of the condition, “but because coordination is required in all areas of life, it affects daily living tasks, for example brushing hair; cleaning teeth; buttoning; fine motor tasks and gross motor tasks, like kicking a ball, running, jumping and balancing,” explains Amanda Kirby, professor of developmental disorders at the University of South Wales.

Even if sufferers don’t have problems with these skills, they can still find other every day tasks challenging. We need to concentrate fully on every single thing we’re doing, or else something bad will happen: we’ll cut a finger while preparing vegetables for dinner. We’ll burn ourselves while trying to take the lasagna out of the oven. Or walk out of the house with a few buttons open.

I always tend to spill or drop stuff. Even if I’m paying attention, I’ll still break a considerable number of plates. I notice mysterious cuts or scratches on my skin and have no idea how they happened. But don’t many disorders have the same characteristics?

“It often overlaps with other learning difficulties like dyslexia, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, language and communication difficulties, or dyscalculia,” says Kirby. Dyspraxia is a part of the neurodiversity movement, which includes people with autism, ADHD and other learning difficulties. According to this view, neurological differences in humans are not diseases to be eradicated but rather beautiful examples of human diversity.

It is said that dyspraxia affects around 5 to 6 percent of the population in childhood but the majority of these children continue to have considerable challenges in adulthood as well. But many disorders don’t manifest in children the way they manifest in adults.

“The difference between being a child and an adult is that you can avoid some things. So you don’t have to play team games. You don’t have to write; you can use a computer. You can choose the environment you’re in to minimize your challenges.”

It’s true. I only write by hand if I really have to. I’m happy to use any technology available to help me get around, and I avoid places that are too crowded or overly stimulating.

Still, my challenges haven’t dissipated. In fact, many of them have become even more pronounced. Let’s take driving, for example. It combines skills I lack or have problems with, such as spatial orientation, quick reaction time, and the ability to process information from multiple sources. It’s not that I’m unable to learn new skills. It would just take more time and effort than it would for someone without the condition, so I make do without a car. And then I deal with anxiety and exhaustion, “because when you’re trying to juggle, you can find that you’re getting more tired than others because you’re trying to consciously do things,” Kirby tells me.

Another problem people with dyspraxia have is keeping organized. I’m terribly chaotic. I can’t plan more than a few days ahead. Agendas, spreadsheets or calendars don’t work for me because they don’t seem to follow the way my brain ticks. I do my best, but still end up occasionally missing appointments and forgetting or misplacing things.

“It’s even more difficult to live with dyspraxia for a parent; you often have to juggle lots of different things all at once and manage not only your time but others’ time as well,” Kirby points out. “That can be difficult and cause extra stress.”

The worst part of my condition is not just the time management, clumsiness or my inability to get around in the world, though. It’s the silly comments I get sometimes, like, “you should pay more attention.” “Outsiders believe that a task is easy for everyone, so if you just focused more you’d be fine,” Kirby says. Such comments are far from helpful. It’s not just a simple case of clumsiness; my struggles are real. “It’s an internationally recognized condition, not something that you made up. It’s not something rare and unusual. We know that it impacts education and employment,” Kirby adds.

There is no cure for dyspraxia, but there is a lot that can be done about it. First of all, getting help is of crucial importance. Raising awareness is too, because dyspraxia is not a readily recognized condition the way autism or ADHD are.

While having dyspraxia may be frustrating, there is a silver lining to it. “One of the things we find is that some of the people with dyspraxia are very empathic and caring and so these are really positive traits for being a parent,” says Kirby. I find this very heartening given that I often feel guilty for not being able to do the things that normal parents do with their children.

When asked whether people with dyspraxia have special talents, Kirby replied, “I think it’s no good saying people with X are talented. After all, doesn’t everybody have skills that are beneficial in a way? It’s no different from other people.”

You hear that? In our differences, we’re no different from other people.

62.102.148.162 (talk) 13:04, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

Changed the "Specialty" of this article to include Neurology along with Psychology.
I changed the specialty to include neurology. This condition is caused by neurology, it is a neurological condition. This is not purely psychological and one cannot "imagine" Dyspraxia or DCD as it is not caused by as a psychological manifestation and cannot be created from imagination. However, this subject does overlap with Psychology, therefore it is included and not removed.

Unless something substantial and reputable which refutes this subject as something neurological, the neurology subject stays as the article's specialty.

62.102.148.189 (talk) 13:35, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Added Children’s Self-Perceptions Diagnosis
Added Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in, and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale under diagnosis and included reference. Midurap (talk) 13:32, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

Update and Edit Suggestions/Ideas
Article Improvement Ideas - Edit definition of DCD and make it more concise and clear, edit classification of DCD, edit section regarding motor control to add detail and better understanding for the reader, clarify explanations to allow for better understanding for the reader, cite sources that are needed, add screening tools with sources, more information regarding diagnosis (such as symptoms, signs, more diagnostic information).

Waterhouset (talk) 13:50, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

Peer Review 1 by Yieng (2017 Oct)
The structure of the article is clear and easy to follow, however, there are couple of sections which could by improved.

1) Psychological and social consequences section There is not much detail about the psychological and social consequences section in this article. The article should further explain or describe the psychological effects has on patients personal and social life.

2) Management This is the section to provide important information about how to manage the DCD. Readers will hope to find useful and reliable information from this article to manage the condition. Moreover, it is also crucial to explain the rationale behind the management provided in this article.

Yieng (talk) 17:39, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Peer Review 2 by Cdoyon1 (2017 Oct)
Overall, the article is clear and concise. The lead section is easy to understand, given the definition of DCD and its presentation throughout the lifespan. There is no mention of treatment for this condition in the lead section, however, there isn’t any information in the “management” section either. I think the order of the sections is logical and easy for the reader to understand. I agree that the management section needs vamping up. For instance, including information about process-oriented treatment approaches and task-oriented treatment approaches and their relevance in physical and occupational therapy. . The article’s tone sounds encyclopedic and neutral, and the sources appear reliable. Cdoyon1 (talk) 19:50, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Peer Review 3 by Minardesgaio (2017 Oct)
The signs and symptoms of DCD are written concisely and thoroughly. However, the associated co-morbidities and conditions are not all explained in detail. For example, Sensory Deficit Disorder associate with DCD is explained, but Autism associated with DCD is not. The psychological and social consequences section is lacking information. More up to date evidence is needed for the management of DCD section. Overall this article is laid out well and flows easily for the reader.

Minardesgaio (talk) 5:54, 6 October 2017(UTC)

Under the diagnosis section, I added a questionnaire
Under the diagnosis section I added a questionnaire.

Waterhouset (talk) 13:31, 29 September 2017 (UTC)


 * What?
 * What for?
 * 62.102.148.185 (talk) 17:07, 17 October 2017 (UTC)

Autism and developmental coordination disorder have similarities but also sharp differences (Oguntoyinbo, L., 2017 Jun)
by Lekan Oguntoyinbo

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-06-autism-developmental-disorder-similarities-sharp.html

UTA researchers are recommending in a new study that children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder should be checked for developmental coordination disorder since the two maladies are linked.

In an article published this month in the journal Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Priscila Caçola, an assistant professor of kinesiology; UTA librarian Peace Ossom Williamson and Haylie Miller, an assistant professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of North Texas Health Science Center, recommend that individuals with autism be evaluated thoroughly for the possibility of DCD.

DCD, a neurodevelopmental condition, affects between 2 and 7 percent of school-age children. It is considered one of the major problems afflicting school-age children around the world. Symptoms include poor balance and coordination and underdeveloped handwriting skills. They struggle with basic childhood activities such as riding bicycles. Children with DCD tend to have limited or no athletic ability, are more sedentary and therefore more prone to obesity. They also are more likely to suffer from low self-esteem.

Many children with autism spectrum disorder have traits commonly found in those with DCD. But the researchers sought to highlight some of the differences, including working memory ability and their ability to grasp things like pencils properly with their hands. They found that there are more differences than similarities.

Caçola is an expert on DCD. She is the director of UTA's Little Mavs Movement Academy, a free group intervention program designed to improve the motor skills of children age four to 16.

Caçola and her colleagues analyzed 11 articles that highlighted differences between individuals with ASD and DCD. While there are many similarities and some overlap between the two conditions, they are not identical. The researchers say that for this reason, medical professionals should be more aggressive about finding signs of DCD in children with autism.

"Motor skills are the root of DCD but they are also really important in autism," Caçola said. "When autism is diagnosed, motor skills are not the primary concern. But we also found that that there is a lot of co-occurrence of DCD in autism. A lot of individuals may have autism but they are not assessed for DCD. We really need to assess for DCD in children with autism and the earlier the better."

Caçola said the notion that DCD can be present in autism is new and gaining more attention because more people now recognize the importance of having strong motor skills. Poor motor skills, if left unchecked, can have lifelong consequences for children in nearly every sphere of their lives, she said.

"Poor motor skills could be impairing social skills even more," she added.

Anne Bavier, dean of UTA's College of Nursing and Health Innovation, called Caçola's study an important contribution to the still evolving body of knowledge on DCD.

"Priscila's scholarly work coupled with her expertise and passion for tackling DCD has the potential to touch the lives of exponentially more children, not only here in the DFW area but around the country and around the world," Bavier said.

Explore further: Autistic children with better motor skills more adept at socializing

More information: Priscila Caçola and others. Behavioral comparisons in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder: A systematic literature review, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2017.03.004

Journal reference: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders search and more info website

Provided by: University of Texas at Arlington

62.102.148.160 (talk) 12:33, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Behavioral comparisons in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder (Caçola, Miller and Williamson, 2017 Jun)
by Priscila Caçola, Haylie L. Miller and Peace Ossom Williamson.

https://uta.influuent.utsystem.edu/en/publications/behavioral-comparisons-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-and-developmen

Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are developmental disorders that, since the DSM-5, can be diagnosed as co-occurring conditions. While some recent studies suggest that ASD and DCD have similar traits, others show clear behavioral distinctions between the two conditions. By gathering all studies that included: (1) an ASD group and a DCD group, (2) an ASD + DCD group and a DCD group, or (3) ASD, ASD + DCD, and DCD groups, we aimed to identify similarities and differences in behaviors between the two disorders.

Method
We used a systematic search of PubMed (1946 –), Scopus (1970 –), PsycINFO (via EBSCO, 1600 –), CINAHL (via EBSCO, 1937 –), SportDiscus (via EBSCO, 1985 –), and WorldCat (via FirstSearch) in addition to reference list and author name searching PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SportDiscus, and WorldCat to identify original studies that met the following criteria: (1) an ASD group and a DCD group, (2) an ASD + DCD group and a DCD group, or (3) ASD, ASD + DCD, and DCD groups.

Results
From the 1598 articles screened, 11 were included in the qualitative analysis. The articles included reported more differences than similarities in individuals with ASD and DCD, with clear distinctions for working memory ability, gestural performance, grip selection, and cortical thickness. Only two studies reported similarities in face processing abilities and perceived competence, and the interventional studies showed group similarities in behavior improvement, such as intelligence and attention.

Conclusions
Based on the articles reviewed, we conclude that while DCD and ASD share some behavioral symptoms, the symptom profiles of each disorder are unique and separable. We recommend that the evaluation of potential DCD in individuals with ASD be performed systematically and thoroughly, so as to distinguish this co-occurring condition from sensorimotor symptoms associated with ASD.

62.102.148.185 (talk) 18:27, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

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Also affects adults.
Right now, the article only mentions prevalance among children, which might mislead some readers into thinking it only affects children. I assume it has similar prevalance among adults, but studies would help. 108.45.79.25 (talk) 19:47, 9 June 2016 (UTC)

Uh... yes, as someone who has this (Marsteller, 2016 Oct)
Uh... yes, as someone who has this, it absolutely has similar prevalence among adults because it NEVER GOES AWAY. As adults we learn to compensate (more or less depending on the individual and/or the problem area.) So the only increases in adult prevalence would be folk who are diagnosed later in life as opposed to those who are diagnosed as children--this would make sense as some folk were diagnosed with different names (e.g. minimal brain dysfunction) or with co-occuring conditions (e.g. adhd or dyslexia or both...) but the original diagnosis(ses) may miss the entirety of the issue. There may also be parents who refuse dx and tx for various reasons, but when the subject becomes an adult they pursue appropriate diagnosis/treatment. Citation (Marsteller, D.A. 2016, personal correspondence) 109.145.47.37 (talk) 10:53, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

List of adults with Dyspraxia

 * David Bailey
 * Cara Delevingne
 * Emma Lewell-Buck
 * Daniel Radcliffe
 * Florence Welch

109.145.47.37 (talk) 11:17, 19 October 2016 (UTC) I will add my voice as another sufferer that it never goes away. The DSM is divided into sections based on the age that a condition STARTS this seems to cause confusion with many different conditions as professionals don't read the information stating this only means when a condition starts and does not mean the ones in the childhood section magically disapear or that something that's in the old persons section can't occur early in middle age sometimes etc.... The division is about the typical age of ONSET of a condition it does not mean that because something is in the childhood section it doesn't continue into adulthood. House Tules (talk) 07:14, 19 June 2019 (UTC)https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1529100617727266House Tules (talk) 07:14, 19 June 2019 (UTC)

Poor sense of direction??? More like poor referencing...
"Many dyspraxics struggle to distinguish left from right, even as adults, and have extremely poor sense of direction generally.[18]". (Signs and symptoms section.)

Whilst the first half of this sentence may be true, the second half is patently false.

As someone with Dyspraxia, I have an extremely keen sense of direction - although sometimes things get mirrored and I double check myself as leaving. However, my sense of direction is quite good - even for places I have never been before. It is far better than my "neurotypical" family members and friends.

So, as it surprised me to see this statement, I checked the reference given - Zwicker, Gill G. "DCD, the impact of daily struggles on their quality of life". British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0308022617735046

After following the link and reading the full text of the article, I was surprised to find that article referenced was extremely beneficial for me to read, however it in no way gives any support to any of the assertion made.

This reference should still be included with the article - the coping strategies are especially important - however, the claims made by the given statement need to be corrected and referenced properly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.48.232.75 (talk) 16:05, 16 April 2018 (UTC)


 * It could be that the reference wasn't made properly but would have to disagree on the symptom not existing at all, have struggled myself at times with sense of direction and was even something that had to be checked by professionals in the field which led to me looking and finding places that do list it as a symptom for some people that have Dyspraxia's/DCD. With that said i'd feel like personal experience in even diagnosed individuals would count as original research/self-sourcing and can't be verified which usually isn't considered verifiable in the core content principles on Wikipedia and therefore shouldn't be cause to change the listed symptoms/possible symptoms.
 * I know that this is an old section but felt an opposing view should be listed by another person who has Dyspraxia aswell for reference, and for people to perhaps correct the source of the reference or make it clear where the determination was made that the symptom exists for some people with the condition. Dasein (talk) 00:55, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

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