Talk:Double fertilization

If this article is going to be merger, it should be expanded and improved first. --BorisFromStockdale 04:48, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

My coding isn't that great, but couldn't we redirect it to the section on double fertilization so we don't need to read through the first big chunk of that article? 207.6.125.46 (talk) 05:45, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Added Wikified links to the article. Only the first instance of a term is Wikified. Because of the linking, requesting that the "(2n)","(3n)", "(female reproductive structure)", and "(flowering plants)" be removed. Triploid (talk) 20:23, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

In order to obtain a complete understanding of double fertilization, we are going to add gametophyte development and pollination to the "History" section. This will enable readers to understand where the primary components, being the pollen and embryo sac, used in double fertilization originate (from Jen and Jamie). JenBio2L (talk) 22:28, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Hey Everyone, I'm going to change the first paragragh around a little bit to add some more information to it. It was easier for me to just rewrite the whole thing then to add to it. Also, when this article talks about the discovery of double fertilization, it makes it sounnd like the microscopes made it impossible to learn more about it, but I thought (and read from 2 different sources) that it was the protective layering of the embryo sac that prevented the further research. Could someone tell me what they think of the discovery portion of the wiki article? Should I change it around a little bit? Thanks, Jamie and Jen. JenBio2L (talk) 13:06, 16 July 2009 (UTC).

Hey it's Dahlia I added the "recent events" section. I have a diagram that I wanted to attach to it. The image and it's description is located here doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.05.011 (enter the # directly at http://dx.doi.org/). It's the confocal image under the section "Imaging double fertilization". It's the second image on the page. I did not write the figure caption, it comes attached to the image, but I feel it is worded well and very easy to understand so I did not want to reword it. Also I know my editing skills for citing my source aren't coming out exactly right, maybe someone could go over it quickly. Thanks, Dahlia. Jamie and Jen- the discovery portion adds a good background/starting point for double fertilization. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dkgator (talk • contribs) 23:46, 16 July 2009 (UTC)


 * Wikipedia does not seem to approve of this image as it has been dinged with the "speedy deletion" tag twice. I am not going to attempt to add it again. Triploid (talk) 21:09, 17 July 2009 (UTC)


 * Correct, please read up on Wikipedia's copyright violation policies. Using a copyrighted image is not allowed, unless it is irreplaceable, can't be reproduced freely, and falls under the fair use laws, which is very rare. If you're looking for additional help on this article, we do have some experts lurking about at WT:PLANTS. Cheers, Rkitko (talk) 22:15, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Hello, one thing that I think that could be added to this page is mentioning that double fertilization also occurs in some gynosperm species belonging to the phylum Gnetophyta. However, double fertilzation in these species give rise to two embryos rather than to an embryo and endosperm. It's just an idea. Thanks everyone, Sarah. SarahHBio2 (talk) 16:40, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Hello again, I also read that researchers recently discovered the secret behind double fertilization. The discovery of the gene FBL17 allow precursor reproductive cells to divide to form twin sperm cells.SarahHBio2 (talk) 17:37, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Hi everyone, my name is Anna P. and I've just added a section on In Vitro Double Fertilization in flowering plants. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Annapryyma (talk • contribs) 00:01, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

Embryo Sac
"Embryo sac" is a terribly misleading old term that arose from the belief that all of the genetic contribution to the offspring came from the male parent, with the female parent providing only a "sac" for its development. Let's downgrade the prominence of that term. Nadiatalent (talk) 12:04, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

Double Fertilization in Gymnosperms
Hey everyone. I believe it is important to expand upon the existence of double fertilization events in gymnosperms and state how the process differs from that seen in angiosperms. Let me know what you think. Nestad1 (talk) 02:18, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

I am seeking any possible assistance before updating this article. My draft lies below, although the citations are cut out at the moment. I intend to place this heading below the 'Brief history' segment and above the 'In vitro fertilization' section. To browse the citations and the entirety of my draft progress for this contribution to the double fertilization page, please refer to my user sandbox. Any help would be greatly appreciated, as I am trying to make the tone of this section far less dry without removing pertinent information.

Such double fertilization events have been found to exist beyond angiosperms. Recent evidence suggests that a far more rudimentary variation of double fertilization also occurs in Gnetophytes, an order of non-flowering seed plants.[1] Specifically, this event has been documented in both Ephedra and Gnetum, a subset of Gnetophytes.[2] In Ephedra nevadensis, a single binucleate sperm cell is deposited into the egg cell. Following the initial fertilization event, the second sperm nucleus is diverted to fertilize an additional egg nucleus found in the egg cytoplasm. In most other seed plants, this second 'ventral canal nucleus' is normally found to be functionally useless.[3] In Gnetum gnemon, numerous free egg nuclei exist in female cytoplasm inside the female gametophyte. Succeeding the penetration of the mature female gametophyte by the pollen tube, female cytoplasm and free nuclei move to surround the pollen tube. Released from the binucleate sperm cell are two sperm nuclei which then join with free egg nuclei to produce two viable zygotes, a homologous characteristic between families Ephedra and Gnetum.[4] In both families, the second fertilization event produces an additional diploid embryo. This supernumerary embryo is later aborted, leading to the synthesis of only one mature embryo.[5] Rather than gaining nourishment from the additional fertilization product, the female gametophyte is responsible for providing nutrition to the primary embryo in Ephedra.[4] Unlike the endosperm produced in angiosperms which forms separately from the egg cell, the more primitive process of double fertilization in gymnosperms exists as a second embryo enclosed in the egg cell.[6] Comparative molecular research on the genome of G. gnemon has revealed that gnetophytes are more closely related to conifers than they are to angiosperms. It has been hypothesized that the process of double fertilization is a product of convergent evolution and arose independently among gnetophytes and angiosperms.[7] Nestad1 (talk) 04:11, 19 April 2018 (UTC)

Central "Cells"?
There is an apparent contradiction in the 2nd paragraph of the article:

"The cells of an unfertilized ovule are 8 in number and arranged in the form of 3+2+3 (from top to bottom) i.e. 3 antipodal cells, 2 polar central cells, 2 synergids & 1 egg cell. One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte."

In the 1st sentence it is stated that there are 2 polar cells. In the very next sentence it is stated that there is one central cell with 2 nuclei. Could somebody with more experience than I please bring better harmony to those sentences? Thank you. --Yuezrnaem (talk) 21:14, 18 September 2020 (UTC)

Yuezrnaem, It appears that someone did update the article with your suggestions. Is this what you had in mind? 19345beta (talk) 23:32, 14 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The contradiction is still there. Are there two central cells, or is there one central cell with two nuclei. It cannot be both! Firejuggler86 (talk) 16:50, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

Biology
How double fertilisation occur in flowering plants — Preceding unsigned comment added by 197.177.122.26 (talk) 09:00, 2 August 2022 (UTC)