Talk:Emilio Aguinaldo

Fascist?
Though he collaborated with the Japanese (under duress), was Aguinaldo a fascist? He is currently on the list of fascists. Ready over his biography the only fascist tendency I see was his dedication the the national flag. Any thoughts? -Willmcw 18:57, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * He lost in the election for President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. He ran under the banner of the National Socialist Party. --Noypi380 15:39, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The National Socialist Party that existed in the Philippines at that time wasn't a Nazi party. While the term "national socialist" is usually seen as a synonym for "Nazi" today, there have been several political parties which have used that name in the past to simply signify that they are a nationalist party (and Aguinaldo was definitely a nationalist) advocating a Socialist system of government. Jsc1973 (talk) 21:18, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

That is true, however this group was influenced by events in Europe (to say no more than that). The article mentions Aguinaldo’s opposition to settling Jews in the Philippines, but does not go in to detail. A short summary of his reasoning on this issue, and of the beliefs and doctrine of the Phillipine National Socialist Party would improve the article. Remember, all statements must be properly sourced. 2A00:23C7:E284:CF00:AC97:748B:F4A8:7190 (talk) 12:54, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

Removal of section: Retreat to Montalban
Here, I've WP:BOLDly removed this section, which was added in this 2016 edit. As I understand the sequence of eventsfrom Tejeros_Convention, Aguinaldo traveled from Imus to Tejeros after being notified of his election as president, leaving his brother in command in the field. This section, then, contans material not directly relevant to the topic of this article. Also, this section separates two sections which are directly relevant to this topic. Ths simple removal of this section could probably be improved by some editing in one or both of those sections that it previously separated. Please improve as needed and/or discuss below. Thanks. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 18:49, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:57, 6 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Emilio Aguinaldo Speech in Spanish (1929).webm

Designer of the Philippine National Flag
I have read many sources(like memoirs of Marcela Agoncillo, who sewn the flag with the help of her daughter and niece of rizal) that proves Aguinaldo designed the Philippine National Flag, i've asked my history profs, my history-buff friends and associates, and they all answered me that Emilio Aguinaldo did designed the Flag, but in a another wikipeda page "Flag of the Philippines" it shows that "Feliciano Jocson" designed it who i didn't even know until now, and read that they changed it from Emilio Aguinaldo to Feliciano Jocson, their source from Artemio Ricarte and Julio Nakpil who are both known to be critics of Aguinaldo and im sure they will discredit Aguinaldo in everyway they can, so what should i believe?, And who is the real designer of our Flag? RA9Markus (talk) 02:37, 8 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Here, I've added tags regarding this to the Flag of the Philippines article. Attention is needed there. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 09:10, 8 June 2021 (UTC)
 * (added) See also this PDI article, but that is identified as an opinion piece. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 20:54, 8 June 2021 (UTC)

during the Filipinization of the islands in 1920s-1930s, the feature of the flag that denotes a state of war (red field on top) was mentioned in a letter from Aguinaldo to Captain Emmanuel A. Baja in June 11,1925. that evidence is enough making Aguinaldo the true designer of the flag but wait, there is more.

even before the revolution of 1896 started, Aguinaldo's katipunan faction "Magdalo" in 1895 had a flag using a sun with eight rays with the baybayin "Ka" in the middle with the background being color red, and after becoming elected president in 1897, he designed a new flag that became the first official flag of the philippines, the "Flag of the Tagalog People" this flag was used during the Republic of Biak na Bato, it features the modern-day philippine sun with 8 rays and a face in the middle but with white color for the sun and red background, and when Aguinaldo was exiled to Hong Kong, He requested Marcela Agoncillo to sew what is now know today the National Flag, this is based on Aguinaldo's drawing given to Marcela, in conclusion Aguinaldo did designed the National Flag of the Philippines, I hope this answers your question. MaharlikanBoi (talk) 06:23, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * It in not Wikipedia's task to take a position re what is and is not true. Per WP:DUE, it is Wikipedia's task to present viewpoints of cited reliable sources regarding the topic of WP articles, including differing viewpoints, in a neutral manner. I haven't seen what I would call a reliable source re design of the flag by Jocson or even re his conceptualization of the design but I suspect, from what I have seen, that such sources may exist. WP should probably not mention this (except, possibly, mentioning that PDI opinion piece) without citing an RS. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 11:22, 9 June 2021 (UTC)

Miguel Malvar
This edit by @Hariboneagle927 caught my eye. It adds a note asserting that Malvar is "Unrecognized by the contemporary Philippine government; as president of the First Philippine Republic" This conflicts with part of this note which I recently added to the First Philippine Republic article. Both involve the question of whether or not Malvar succeeded Aguinaldo as president, officially or unofficially, Other WP articles also touch on this question. The subject edit here is unsupported, but it is a negative assertion. My edit in that other article contains this commented citation that asserts support by this source. The asserted support is not explicit re the point there (I think that the implication is clear there; others might disagree), but the disagreement in that source with the point at issue here is clear -- it says that Malvar was, "the last President of the Philippine Revolutionary Government." Better sourcing would be an improvement in both places, but I'm not aware of any. The point at issue here is related to the point of this talk page section for that other article, but there's no discussion between editors there. Can we please have some discussion about this here? Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 11:04, 28 August 2021 (UTC)

Written works item: Talang Buhay ng Supremo And. Bonifacio sa Kabite
This edit added mention of a work titled ''Talang Buhay ng Supremo And. Bonifacio sa Kabite, dated "1940s" to the Written works'' section of the article. The addition includes a &lt;ref> with a bare URL which navigates to:. I've also stumbled across a newspaper article concerning this work:.

That Ref'd Academia.org article quotes the first few lines of the named Introduction and provides a download link for a complete PDF file. The PDF file describes itself as "[final version for copyediting]" and introduces a work which it describes as handwritten by Aguinaldo and supplemental to his memoirs published in 1964 under the title of Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan. Those memoirs and that supplemental work would be WP:SELFPUB sources in this article, but probably would be citeable WP:PRIMARY sources in other WP articles about the Philippine Revolution and about notable revolutionaries. The final sentence of the Introduction work reads: "But after reading through the Talang Buhay, in both Aguinaldo’s Tagalog and the English translation provided here, none but the most close-minded or partisan reader will continue to accept unquestioningly the Manichean portrayal of the main protagonists in Heneral Luna." (italics in original, wikilink added by me -- and note the mention of "English translation provided here") -- this suggests to me that there may well be material in there of sufficient topical weight to be covered in other relevant Wikipedia articles.

It seems to me from the above that more ought to be done here than mentioning this introductory work in the Writen works section. Perhaps the article should have a section titled Memoirs or Works which lists and describes and, probably, other works by Aguinaldo. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 10:27, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * the 1964 memoirs, Talang Buhay
 * the Talang Buhay ng Supremo  supplement introduced by the work added by this edit (with English translation)
 * (page 1 of 20 linked web pages)

Aguinaldo's fountain pen
Butch Dalisay, a fountain pen buff, identified Emilio Aguinaldo's fountain pen on display in the Malacañang museum as being a Waterman 52. According to internet sources this pen was manufactured between 1915 and 1930. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.203.224.25 (talk) 05:16, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

WP:BRD discussion re the honorific-prefix parameter in the infobox
Here, I made a WP:BOLD edit blanking the honorific-prefix  parameter of the infobox by replacing it with an invisible comment reading, &lt;-- consider &lsqb;&lsqb;MOS:PREFIX]] before defining this -->. The edit summary read: (WP:BOLD change, per my reading of MOS:PREFIX. Template:Infobox officeholder/doc does not provid[e] any further guidance on this.). I did this after seeing
 * this unexplained edit changing this infobox parameter from Generalissimo to Generalissimo - His Excellency, leaving an invisible comment saying &lt;!--He does not use the prefix Excellency--> intact. (I take that comment as an indication that there have been previous changes to this parameter)

and
 * this almost immediate revert with an edit summary saying: (Undid revision 1099754505 by 130.105.100.38 (talk) per comment, and this seems to break the wikilink, please take to talk page)

My edit blanking the parameter followed that revert, and was undone by this unexplained edit, which changed that parameter to Generalissimo (unitalicized this time}.

MOS:PREFIX says:
 * In general, honorific prefixes—styles and honorifics in front of a name—in Wikipedia's own voice should not be included, but may be discussed in the article. In particular, this applies to:
 * styles and honorifics derived from a title, position or activity, [...]

I request that regular editors of this article discuss this and come to a consensus regarding whether this parameter should be defined and, if so, what definition is appropriate. My own opinion is that this parameter should be left blank with an invisible comment explaining why and stating that changes to its definition should be discussed on this talk page before being made. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 20:55, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

(follow up) It has been four days, and I see no discussion If I no discussion develops in the next few days, I will presume that the consensus of editors here is accept my suggestion above and to leave the honorific-prefix parameter in the infobox blank and, optionally, to discuss oficial titles and/or honorific prefixes used by Aguinaldo in various stages of his life as he held titled positions at appropriate points in the body of the article. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 08:26, 29 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I take the two edits here (Added info, citing a supporting source. What I found interesting here is that all three assumed the station of Generalissimo -- not just Aguinaldo.) by me and here  (Logically and literally, Aguinaldo is the only Generalissimo in the Philippines, in the Military Rank structure Artemio Ricarte held the rank of Captain General and nothing more, while Mariano Trias holds the rank of Lieutenant General, Generalissimo is not equal of those ranks mentioned to Ricarte and Trias, Trias as Lieutenant General commands a larger quantity of a Division, Ricarte as Captain General commands a Corp, and Aguinaldo as Generalissimo commands a Field Army.) by RA9Markus as a continuation of this discussion. My edit was supported by a cite which, with typos and formatting errors subsequently corrected by User-duck (for which, thanks), is still in the article. The cited source (here) contains a statement apparently written by Artemio Ricarte on March 24, 1897, which I read as asserting that Aguinaldo, Trias, and Ricarte all acknowledged appointments to the station of Generalissimo on the previous evening. I don't know what source or sources support the assertion in the second of those edits but, apparently, there is a difference of viewpoints regarding who did and who did not hold that station. In the event of such a difference, WP:DUE would come into play. As I understand that part of the WP:NPOV policy, it, would require supporting sources to be cited and the differences between them summarized in the article. I ask editor RA9Markus to cite his supporting sources so that a consensus can be arrived at on how to handle the difference in viewpoints. Wtmitchell  (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 14:40, 31 July 2022 (UTC)


 * (added) I happened to see this edit, which caused me to look at this image. The URL named on the image description page for the image is dead but a copy here, archived shortly after the upload, does not list Generalissimo among the positions he held prior to his becoming president of the First Philippine Republic. It does list the position General, Philippine Revolutionary Army as among those previously held positions. The source is malacanang.gov.ph -- the website of the presidential museum and library; as I write this, that URL appears to be dead. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 22:48, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

Following yet another problem in the article regarding the content of his parameter, I've removed it in this edit. Please come to an editorial consensus here regarding the use of this parameter in this article. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 22:44, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

Why was the Early Life section deleted?
Why was it deleted and can someone please put it back? AccomplishedTale7 (talk) 10:35, 19 October 2022 (UTC)

Consensus on infobox image required
This has been changed a few times (by, and a few IP users) and has been reverted back to 's preferred image for a number reasons (editors are idiots or blind). Please can we gain a consensus without name calling. Please read MOS:LEADIMAGE: "Lead images should be natural and appropriate representations of the topic; they should not only illustrate the topic specifically, but also be the type of image used for similar purposes in high-quality reference works, and therefore what our readers will expect to see. Lead images are not required, and not having a lead image may be the best solution if there is no easy representation of the topic" Looking at Asian Independence leaders by Eric Watkins, a high quality reference work, I only see photographs of him. I would suggest that any photograph is more appropriate than a painting (even if official). Sciencefish (talk) 18:42, 31 October 2022 (UTC)


 * Apologies, forgot to ping users, ,
 * Sciencefish (talk) 17:09, 3 November 2022 (UTC)


 * Support for the photograph image. The photograph File:Emilio Aguinaldo ca. 1919 (Restored).jpg is a valued image in Commons and is used in several other language-based Wikipedia articles of Aguinaldo; the photograph should be used as the lead image because the painting File:President Emilio Aguinal Official Portrait at Malacañang Palace.jpg is only a painter's representation of Aguinaldo. The painting may be placed in a related section or probably in Honors, Commemoration, or Portrayals sections. —Sanglahi86 (talk) 12:57, 5 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I prefer the photograph because it's higher resolution and the painting has surface shine. DrKay (talk) 13:47, 5 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Any photograph over a painting: Generally actual photographs are preferred rather than a painting. So I prefer Emilio Aguinaldo ca. 1919 (Restored).jpg. Though to play devil's advocate the photograph is dated 1919, years after Aguinaldo's presidency.
 * Though we have PresidentAguinaldo.jpg (1898) and File:Gen Aguinaldo.jpg (1899), lesser quality than the 1919 photo but an accurate representation of Aguinaldo during his "peak years" (presidency). Hariboneagle927 (talk) 14:52, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

Unsupported assertions re official recognition
The lead section asserted that Aguinaldo "is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia." I recall seeing a list of Philippine presidents on a .gov.ph page which clearly listed Aguinaldo as the first president of the Philippines, but I couldn't locate that to cite it. I was unable to quickly locate an authoritative source clearly supporting an assertion to that effect; I did turn up this and this, but I don't think either of those amount to official recognition. This officially acknowledges the significance of the last of the several proclaimed governments he headed, but it doesn't mention him by name. Also, I found no official recognition of the other two points asserted about him in that quote above from the article.

Here, I have WP:BOLDly reworded the quoted snippet, including removal of the word "officially". I don't think official recognition should be asserted without a supporting cite. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 01:29, 13 November 2022 (UTC)

Added Battles
as I saw that there is "need clarification" in the records of battles of Aguinaldo, lets start with the battle of Timalan, this battle happened on May 1, 1897, 2 days before the battle of Naic itself, last week I went to the church of Naic near the Poblacion where the battle occured, and near the church at the right side I saw a Historical Marker verified by NHCP (National Historical Commission of the Philippines) and if my eyes are not good enough to be a proof for the historical marker, I searched for someone that have visual evidence coming from a fellow Filipino that also went to that place with the said historical marker which can be seen here in this link: (https//fb.watch/mOvvred-I3/)

And as for the Battle of Binakayan which occured on May 31, 1898 (the date where Emilio Aguinaldo planned the general uprising of the renewed second phase of the revolution) and also for the battle of Bacoor church, both of which happened in the same day, and both was mentioned in his book "True Version of the Philippine Revolution" in chapter VI, besides the book from Aguinaldo, I also remembered that this two battles was mentioned in Annual Report of Major General George Davis, and also from Santiago Alvarez' records but I may not be sure with the latter (Santiago Alvarez) because of too many history books I've read that I might be mixing it with other sources, I'll try to find other sources that mentions these the latter battle. RA9Markus (talk) 06:49, 3 September 2023 (UTC)


 * the official website of the local government of Bacoor has a specific article for the church's history,
 * (https://bacoor.gov.ph/tourism/st-michael-the-archangel-church/)
 * it was mentioned as the "third unfurling of the flag" since the second one happened after the battle in Binakayan (El polvorin) and the first unfurling occured after the battle in Alapan Imus. RA9Markus (talk) 06:54, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

Controversy section reference
I am having a hard time to insert some references, could someone please insert these sources: 1)https://web.archive.org/web/20130625164313/http://malacanang.gov.ph/3622-artemio-ricarte-on-the-arrest-and-execution-of-bonifacio/ 2) Memoirs of General Artemio Ricarte 3) Recalling the Revolution: Memoirs of a Filipino General by Santiago Alvarez

to be inserted to the sentence that I will attach here: "In April 25, 1897, several complaints were sent to Aguinaldo, notably by Severino de las Alas, a known supporter and loyalist of Bonifacio, alongside with Jose Coronel, and many others, that Bonifacio and his men ransacked, pillaged and burned the town of Indang, stealing the carabaos and other work animals by force and killed them for food and terrorized the townspeople for being unable to give enough supplies and other provisions due to poor harvest"

Thank you. RA9Markus (talk) 14:33, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
 * See this edit. Note the edit summary. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 21:35, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for that, but I was specifically referring now to the Bonifacio part, where I wish to insert three references (which Im having a hard time to do and cant figure it out by myself)
 * The three references is:
 * 1)https://web.archive.org/web/20130625164313/http://malacanang.gov.ph/3622-artemio-ricarte-on-the-arrest-and-execution-of-bonifacio/
 * 2) Memoirs of General Artemio Ricarte
 * 3) Recalling the Revolution: Memoirs of a Filipino General by Santiago Alvarez"
 * To be inserted in this part of the sentence;
 * "In April 25, 1897, several complaints were sent to Aguinaldo, notably by Severino de las Alas, a known supporter and loyalist of Bonifacio, alongside with Jose Coronel, and many others, that Bonifacio and his men ransacked, pillaged and burned the town of Indang, stealing the carabaos and other work animals by force and killed them for food and terrorized the townspeople for being unable to give enough supplies and other provisions due to poor harvest."
 * The first reference is already at the main section however I previously removed it because it showed error after trying to add the latter two references. RA9Markus (talk) 14:02, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

Allegiance
It seems to me that the Allegiance section of the infobox ought to be in chronological order. It also strikes me that the list of allegiances there is incomplete. That section currently looks like this: First Philippine Republic

Flag of the Tagalog people.svg Republic of Biak-na-Bato

Katipunan (Magdalo) After a quick review, it seems to me that it ought to look like this: 1896 Katipunan (Magdalo)

Flag of the Tagalog people.svg 1897 Republic of Biak-na-Bato

1899 Philippine Republic

1901 United States

1919 Insular government

1935 Commonwealth

1941 Japan

1943 Republic under Japan

1946 Republic of the Philippines The 1919 date above comes from the dates of the available Philippine flags in Country data Philippines; perhaps there should be a footnote clarifying that. Perhaps other points need clarification.
 * (inserted) I tweaked the list above adding two sets of doubled flags using the flag images from the WP articles linked there. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 08:02, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

I propose that this be changed. I haven't WP:BOLDly made the change in the article because I imagine that there will be some discussion about this. One possible alternative to this allegiance list in the infobox might be to simply indicate there that Aguinaldo held allegiance to the Philippines and clarify that with a footnote saying that he worked to bring about Philippine independence during periods when the Philippines was governed by a colonial power.

Please discuss thoughts or objections below. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 04:27, 12 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Having seen neither objection nor discussion, I have moved the revised list into the infobox. This probably needs some clarification in the article, but I haven't done anything towards that. I've had a family tragedy, and my Wikipedia editing activities will be reduced for a while. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 20:27, 14 November 2023 (UTC)
 * If we gonna include all allegiances, then I think we must also include the rest of the government that Aguinaldo headed that was not included on the new edit, such as Tejeros Government, Dictatorial Government 1898 and the 1898 Revolutionary Government before the 1899 First Philippine Republic.￼ RA9Markus (talk) 02:30, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * An infobox is a very brief overview -- see MOS:INFOBOX -- more detail should appear in the article body. If you'll read the above, you'll see that I did suggest one possible alternative approach -- that approach seemed too much like unsupported POV to me. IMHO, it might work if a supporting reliable source could be cited. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 10:10, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I also want to ask why and how the Insular Government's year in the allegiance section is "1919"? Because the year could be 1902 for the Philippine Organic Act or the 1916 for Jones Law RA9Markus (talk) 02:55, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
 * This does need clarification and may well need refinement. This was intended to represent the year of Aguinaldo taking up that allegiance, not the year of the appearance of that government -- though that year might do as well. The year given there is admittedly unsupported and was taken from the appearance date of the Philippine flag shown there as it appears in wikidata Philippines (and see List of flags of the Philippines and this). Improvement is encouraged. Please note that, as explained above, I'm not currently paying as much attention to WP as I normally do -- I may not be able to engage in much back&forth discussion re this. (updated) Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 11:09, 17 November 2023 (UTC)