Talk:English adverbs

-ly and -ily
قید در زبان انگلیسی حالت و کیفیت فعل را نشان می‌دهد. با افزودن ly به انتهای دسته‌ای از صفت‌ها، آن‌ها را به قید تبدیل می‌کنیم. اگر در آخر کلمه‌ای حرف y داشته باشیم y را حذف و به جای آن i می‌آوریم سپس ly قرار می‌دهیم

ا 203.171.108.60 (talk) 14:47, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Google Translate translates from Persian as: -- Hoary (talk) 12:25, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

"Atemporal relations"
Aarts says that Langacker says: "Verbs designate processes, whereas adjectives and adverbs are said to designate atemporal relations". (Aarts doesn't pretend that make it clear whether or not these are Langacker's words.)

I haven't looked in Langacker's book. If the summary is inadequate, Langacker can't be blamed for this.

The first thing I noticed is that this doesn't even purport to distinguish adverbs from prepositions or adjectives, so I doubt that it would have practical use. The second: well, consider already, annually, chronically, diurnally, fleetingly, immediately, instantaneously, instantly, late, momentarily, nocturnally, occasionally, once, permanently, perpetually, previously, protractedly, quickly, rapidly, repeatedly, seasonally, slowly, soon, subsequently, tardily, temporarily, then, transitionally, ultimately, yet, et cetera. Do I misunderstand Langacker-via-Aarts; and if I don't, why does this Wikipedia article bother relating such stuff? -- Hoary (talk) 12:25, 21 November 2023 (UTC) Reworded -- Hoary (talk) 09:32, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Google Books permits view of a snippet of Langacker's book where he writes:


 * ... or to phrase it more simply, a noun designates a thing. In similar fashion, a verb is said to designate a process, whereas adjectives and adverbs designate different kinds of atemporal relations

Well, adjectives and adverbs do indeed denote different kinds of atemporal relations, but as they also denote different kinds of temporal relations (see thread above), this tells us little. (And incidentally, I'd say that N education, V educate, Adj educational and Adv educationally all refer to the same concept.) Of course, I'm just some nobody on the internet, whereas Langacker is a distinguished professor and may well have defined terms such as "atemporal relations" in some unexpected way that results in the perceptiveness and value of his use of these terms. But the reader won't know what he means, so I still think this should be cut. Comments? (Brett?) -- Hoary (talk) 09:32, 25 November 2023 (UTC)


 * Feel free to cut it.--Brett (talk) 13:15, 25 November 2023 (UTC)