Talk:Euler's identity/Archive 2

Sacred geometry
I removed the following paragraph twice:
 * There has been substantial debate in the philosophy of mathematics on the "real meaning" or "deep meaning" or even sacred geometry reflected by the Identity's relationship of key constants and operations (multiplication, exponentiation, addition, equality). Some assert that it describes cognitive properties of an embodied mind - and advocate a cognitive science of mathematics. At other extremes, some assert it represents rational social consensus of mathematicians, or is simply a fundamental fact of the physical universe, and that algebra itself is a natural consequence of its structure. If so, the formula would be more than simply remarkable - it would be 'divine'.

There has not been any substantial debate about sacred geometry related to this identity in the philosophy of mathematics. If I have missed the relevant literature, please point me to books, articles, conference presentations etc.


 * have you read Tymoczko, 1998? "The traditional debate among philosophers of mathematics is whether there is an external mathematical reality, something out there to be discovered, or whether mathematics is the product of the human mind." ([Thomas Tymoczko]?)


 * The way that traditional cultures refer to this "external mathematical reality" is with "sacred geometry" - whether or not mathematicians call it that.


 * Of course that is the central question of the philosophy of mathematics. I asked specifically about references relating Euler's identity to the concept of "sacred geometry", and I am still waiting. I dispute the claim that "sacred geometry" is a commonly used term; EB doesn't list it at all. AxelBoldt


 * do a google. you'll find a fair bit.  The idea is somewhat contrary to Christian dogma, and occurs in Buddhism and Judaism and certain Hermetic beliefs - sometimes in Christian dogma it is associated with Satan, i.e. the pentagram, etc.  One of the major sources of anti-semitism, actually, was the belief that Kabbalic rituals were "Satanic".

''I just Googled for < "sacred geometry" Euler >. None of the resulting pages made any connection between the two, I'm afraid.'' Matthew Woodcraft

Furthermore, the paragraph presents the issue as "some assert..." &mdash; "at the other extreme....", as if those two were the only positions on the question, while in fact many other popular positions are left out.


 * not much room... philosophy of mathematics gave some room to this.


 * Well, then put a link to that page here and be done with it. AxelBoldt


 * ok, but the "remarkable" nature of the identity was here before I edited it, and another paragraph to establish that this "remarkable" nature may have some other origins is important. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.150.61.63 (talk) 15:35, 31 March 2002 (UTC)

More history, please
Could we please have some more on the history of this equation? Article currently says:"'the formula was likely known before Euler.[8] ... Thus, the question of whether or not the identity should be attributed to Euler is unanswered.'"I presume that we could go into more detail on this. What is the evidence that this equation "was likely" known before Euler? (The cite presumably has info on this - can we add to article?) Also, obviously many people throughout history have found this equation very interesting, and we could amplify on that. I will not be working in this article myself. Thanks for your attention. --201.53.7.16 (talk) 15:26, 26 December 2008 (UTC)


 * Sandifer's article alludes to Roger Cotes's prior knowledge of Euler's identity. Cotes published a statement of the more general Euler's formula in 1714, when Euler was about seven.  Euler did mention the identity eiπ + 1 = 0, in the form
 * $$\sqrt{\sqrt{-1}\cdot \ln(-1)} = \sqrt{\pi},$$
 * in a 1729 letter to Christian Goldbach. Sandifer comments that "it's hard to believe [Euler] figured it out for himself" and suggests that he learned the identity from Johann Bernoulli. Michael Slone (talk) 19:19, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

It would also be nice if the article explained how Euler's identity is related to and potentially developed from De Moivre's formula. Kaldari (talk) 13:44, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

Algebra Popper etc
Algebra cannot be a natural consequence of this equation, because the equation records a fact about the complex numbers, while in algebra many


 * there can be no such thing as "a fact about the complex numbers" since the complex numbers, and complex analysis, is a notational convenience to begin with. Your concept of reality is wrong.  Fix it. ;-)


 * You seem to think that the questions of the philosophy of mathematics have been finally answered by your little pet theory; you're wrong. There will never be consensus on those questions. You also don't seem to understand that there can be facts about notational conveniences, and that notational conveniences are part of reality. AxelBoldt


 * no, there can't be facts about notation conveniences in the Popperian sense, as they are only falsifiable w.r.t. the rest of the notation - at best this is internal consistency. And no, notational conveniences are not part of "reality", they are part of colonialism or a certain paradigm of science at best.  And no, again, there is no claim that the questions have been "answered by my little pet theory", as the theory that mathematics arises from the mind is very old, and the theory of mind arising in cognitive science is very deep... so it is *your* "little pet theory" that is under discussion, and its irrelevance in the face of cognitive science and philosophy of mathematics combined.  As to your prediction that there will "never be consensus", that could be established merely by killing all over-educated people.  To disprove this thesis, of course, you must kill them all yourself.  Which brings us to the question of reasonable method...


 * In other words, you believe that colonialism is not part of reality. Can I quote you on that, 24? AxelBoldt, Sunday, March 31, 2002

other fields, rings and groups are studied which have nothing whatsoever to do with the complex numbers and with Euler's identity. The "divine"


 * that's foolish. How can fields, rings, and groups be totally independent of the operations of addition, multiplication, exponentation, and especially equality and equivalence?  Euler's identity summarizes exactly these issues, and it is the way complex numbers "disappear" in the identity's resolution that makes it interesting.  Also, fields rings and groups were more or less an invention of Galois - prior to that, Euler's identity summarized what was known.  Suggestion, read cognitive science of mathematics and the references.


 * Euler's indentity summarizes issues about addition, multiplication, exponentiation and equality of complex numbers. Just because we use the word "addition" in every abelian group doesn't mean that those additions share all properties of complex addition. Euler's identity says precisely nothing about the multiplication in the monster group. It cannot even be interpreted in any way in that context, because there's no exponential map and no addition and no zero element in that context. AxelBoldt


 * why is *complex addition* the standard meaning? It isn't required for Euler's identity in particular, as the "e to the i pi" isn't a complex value according to Euler's formula but rather is "equal to minus one".


 * But i is a complex number, and the exponential function ex is a function defined on the complex plane. Formulas don't just sit there, they are valid in a certain context. The context in which Euler's identity is valid is the complex number field.


 * The "monster group" is a post-Eulerism that wouldn't exist if not for Galois's theory, which is not necessarily a guide to mathematics pre-Euler. I think the naive terms "plus" or "times" meant less to Euler than Galois... who may well have overly generalized them.


 * So who cares about the subset of mathematics that was known at Euler's times? It has nothing to do with the discussion. You claim that Euler's identity underlies all of algebra, and the Monster group (and countless other examples) disprove that claim. AxelBoldt

connection is completely out of place and does also not relate to what was said earlier: if Euler's identity were just a social consensus, or a property of human cognition, then it would exactly not be divine. AxelBoldt, Sunday, March 31, 2002


 * and if it were *neither* of those, it *would* be 'divine' in the same sense as the Planck length, etc,. - something part of the fundamental structure of the universe, unchangeable, etc.


 * there is no need to use the loaded term "divine" for "unchangeable". Furthermore, again you are simplifying matters: Euler's identity would not have to be a fundamental structure of the universe; Platonists would argue that it necessarily holds in any possible universe. AxelBoldt


 * fair enough... although a god or "divine" concept can be bound by a universe, and in Plato's time, to an even smaller entity. Although you are definitely splitting hairs here, as the difference between "the universe" and "any possible universe" is a distinction that not all theories of note recognize... why should there be more than one universe?  There is value in deliberately loading the term, as it makes a connection to theology, where such matters have been more thoroughly discussed...

---

"The formula is a consequence of (or, viewed alternatively by some theories in the philosophy of mathematics, assumed in) Euler's formula " -- really? -- Tarquin 10:50 Jan 5, 2003 (UTC)

No, not really, but in the wonderful mind of user:24, which you can also see at work on this very talk page. AxelBoldt 02:05 Jan 8, 2003 (UTC)

Am I not correct in saying that "Euler's Identity" is shortform for "Euler is Identity", whilst "Eulers Identity" would be the correct way of putting it? I remember a very good educational video on Channel 4 (UK) back when I lived over there that explained the eccentricities of the apostrophy - it had a very addictive little tune that I haven't been able to get out of my head in the 15 or so years since I saw it.. but I'm sidetracking: This must be wrong, right?

--Smári 19:01, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)


 * You are incorrect. See: Apostrophe (punctuation) - Bevo 20:23, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)


 * Perfect. Then no need to worry. :) --Smári McCarthy 00:44, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The last revision by 63.189.8.249 states: "It was however known long before to Chinese mathematicians." -- This is highly unlikely, as the concept of imaginary numbers was unknown to Chinese mathematicians at that time. (It may be a case of confusion about Chinese remainder theorem.) I have removed it for now, until a source is cited in favor of it. --Autrijus 18:06, 2004 Aug 15 (UTC)
 * I would have to concur with the removal until a valid source/evidence can be found supporting the statement. - Taxman 18:32, 16 August 2004 (UTC)

about priority scale
Why is this article the top priority (importance) ? This article is closely related to Euler's formula, but it is a separate article.--SilverMatsu (talk) 15:07, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

Counterpoint
I believe there is more of a variety of opinions on the beauty of Euler's identity than is currently reflected in the article. Accordingly, I made this edit, which was WP:BRDed by. I'm interested to hear what people think; thanks. Danstronger (talk) 00:53, 8 January 2019 (UTC)


 * I reverted the addition of the 𝜏-aspects of beauty not because I had the slightest doubt that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but because I am myself in doubt whether any 𝜏-PR beyond Turn (geometry) is considered as (non-)neutral POV in WP. Since I have absolutely no fundamentalist personal preferences about the content of sections in WP dealing with beauty in mathematical formulae, I also look forward to reading about other people's opinions.
 * Neglecting any attitude of WP wrt 𝜏, and having enjoyed reading Hartl's manifesto, I consider ongoing propagation of "𝜏 is the better $\pi$" as fringe, especially after reading the "final blow" against π, using $𝜏⁄4$(!) in the section on n-dim volumes.
 * As a rather funny side effect of comparing $$e^{i\tau}=1$$ to $$e^{2i\pi}=1,$$ I am flattened by the beauty of using the only even prime in all numbers in this Beauty Queen of Formulæ. :D Purgy (talk) 08:17, 8 January 2019 (UTC)


 * I agree with the removal. The removed text is really about tau, it is not about Euler's identity in any substantive way.  This article shouldn't be a coatrack for fringe ideas, even harmless ones like tau.  --JBL (talk) 19:00, 8 January 2019 (UTC)


 * My thinking was that the relevant guideline is WP:UNDUE, which draws a distinction between opinions of a minority and opinions of a "tiny minority". Sure the opinion that humanity should switch from pi to tau is very fringe, but the notion that 2 pi is a more fundamental constant that makes math more elegant is probably not a tiny minority.  For some evidence of that, see this old blog post (note the comment by Terry Tao that perhaps 2 pi i is even more fundamental than 2 pi or pi).  In Tau Manifesto (which has received third party coverage), Hartl spends a whole section making the argument, essentially, that Euler's identity, as it is normally written, contains a significant, fundamental, and instructive aesthetic flaw.  I don't see why this should be treated differently from the opinions of Devlin and Nahin that the equation is beautiful. Danstronger (talk) 01:08, 10 January 2019 (UTC)


 * WP:UNDUE states in the four occurrences of "tiny":
 * - ... the views of tiny minorities should not be included at all ...
 * - Views that are held by a tiny minority should not be represented except in articles devoted to those views.
 * and the fourth occurrence deprecates confronting a by far less than representative number of sources for one side (Devlin, Nahin) with an almost exhaustive list consisting of Hartl, a "perhaps"-side note by Terry Tao in a (imho ridiculous) blog, not to beef about the refuting "third party coverage" of Hartl.
 * This is already more than enough to quarrel about, I think I stop commenting this. Purgy (talk) 11:09, 10 January 2019 (UTC)
 * This is already more than enough to quarrel about, I think I stop commenting this. Purgy (talk) 11:09, 10 January 2019 (UTC)


 * I agree that tau definitely should be mentioned in the article, but not as a "contrast" or as an opinion of "proponents", but as a viewpoint that further clarifies the true meaning of the identity; something along these sentences from the referenced website: "The complex exponential of the circle constant is unity." or "A rotation by one turn is 1." Lemondevon (talk) 00:09, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Good suggestion. I did my best to add a sentence along the lines of what you suggest, at the end of the geometric interpretation section. Danstronger (talk) 00:44, 7 October 2021 (UTC)