Talk:Gold/Archive 5

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 * Added tag to http://www.jhc.org/cgi/reprint/28/1/55.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080307000911/http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/mining/techdocs/gold.pdf to http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/gold/auriferous.html

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ENGVAR change
Here WP:ENGVAR is changed from en-US to en-GB. Can you clarify that? (While we are here, I ask you to provide more clarifying & direct editsummaries, esp when doing bigger edits. Frivolities make it hard to understand the edit). -DePiep (talk) 11:56, 31 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I missed this call for discussion and undid it. All spellings were standardized by that point to be AmE, with, according to the authomated tool, three exceptions: "aluminium" (governed by WP:ALUM rather than actual grammar, so this means nothing), "caesium" (same), and "jewellery" (no hits in the text itself). If I had seen this call before I had made the edit, I would have waited for response. I don't see how it could be justified anyway, though.--R8R (talk) 12:18, 31 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Also there is no language tag at the top of the page declaring American spelling. Will add it. Parcly   Taxel  12:24, 31 July 2017 (UTC)
 * In element articles, en-US is standard, some articles have en-GB (potassium). However, the spelling of aluminium, caesium, sulfur is governed (dictated) by the IUPAC name definition, not by wiki spelling choices and so is unrelated to article's ENGVAR.
 * R8R, this talk was started from Parcly Taxel's edit (see diff). -DePiep (talk) 13:01, 31 July 2017 (UTC)

Sun symbol
My phone "cleverly" decided to represent the sun symbol as an emoji. Is there a way to force it to show the proper sun symbol instead of this stupid emoji glyph? I thought of font or but several choices of font-family didn't work. Hairy Dude (talk) 22:23, 20 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Chrome 59 uses the emoji glyph, but Firefox 54 uses the correct dot-in-circle glyph. Hairy Dude (talk) 23:16, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

Catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles
I can see no reference to the catalytic activity of gold metal in the article. There has been a revolution in the field of catalysis at the end of the 80's, until then Au was considered to be inert compared to its neighbors in the periodic table. Haruta's investigations&lt;ref> showed that gold particles at the nanometer scale exhibits a catalytic activity during the oxidation of carbon monoxide, whereas bulk gold is inactive. Today gold nanoparticles are used in a wide range of catalytic reaction, especially for aerobic oxidations&lt;ref>.
 * sign 21:11, 23 October 2014‎ Eulaille

Semi-protected edit request on 21 September 2017
Please de-capitalize "Gold" in this sentence: "On 2 December 2009, Gold reached a new high closing at $1,217.23." 208.95.51.38 (talk) 17:29, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thanks for pointing it out.  Deli nk (talk) 17:39, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Cost of gold
What was the price of gold in 1964? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.129.108.58 (talk) 00:12, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

Origins > Celestial Theories section fix needed
The first and third paragraphs of that section are essentially the same. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.233.134.223 (talk) 17:16, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I have removed the former third paragraph, only salvaging its single reference that wasn't already in the first paragraph and putting it there. In general this article has some tendency to be repetitive: it really needs a rewrite, but for such an important element nothing less than the best would be required. Double sharp (talk) 02:59, 4 April 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 April 2018
Please change the following line: "The concentration of free electrons in gold metal is 5.91×1022 cm3" to "The concentration of free electrons in gold metal is 5.91×1022 cm-3" because the unit of concentration was incorrectly written, concentrations being expressed in reciprocal volume instead of just volume alone. MrTomBosma (talk) 07:50, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thank you! Double sharp (talk) 10:32, 26 April 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 May 2018
Please insert the following sentence between "most of this gold was shipped to Spain.[78].." and "..However, for the indigenous peoples of North America":

One account of this conflicts given by Juan de Velasco describes that, in 1599 in the town of Logroño, the chief Quíruba auxiled by the Jivaroan peoples executed the governor of Macas pouring molten gold down his throat in revenge of a new tribute.

I justify the request because (i)it is a good example of a conflict/resistance caused by the gold and (ii)present a historical document of priceless value. 187.35.183.135 (talk) 05:42, 26 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: The requested text is not grammatical or understandable English and in any event, historical curiosity is not necessarily notable Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 05:46, 26 May 2018 (UTC)

Seawater
The seawater figures need a bit of expounding: 10 parts per quadrillion (= 10g/km³) is 10 parts per 10^15. (ok so far).

And (later) 64 ppb is 64 parts per 10^9, and the samples at 0.004 ppb is 4 parts per 10^12.

So, this is means the Fritz Haber figures (and “the literature prior to 1988”) were 3 orders of magnitude more, and the (1900) values are 6 orders more. 120.16.28.112 (talk) 12:21, 21 June 2018 (UTC)MBG
 * Still hoping someone has the info: being out by a thousand in 1988 is odd, but being out by a million, even in 1900, is remarkable. Were they all conmen??MBG02 (talk) 12:53, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 July 2018
14.141.197.5 (talk) 09:09, 11 July 2018 (UTC) India is the second largest price manipulator of Gold prices considering the global demand.
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. L293D (☎ • ✎) 13:17, 11 July 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 September 2018
i want to edit because i cnt do anything Pabolapo (talk) 18:02, 6 September 2018 (UTC)
 * You are invited to write your suggestion here. Other editors will take a look and can perform it. -DePiep (talk) 18:11, 6 September 2018 (UTC)

Possible removal from list
An entry in List of colors: A–F contained a link to this page.

The entry is :


 * Heart gold

I don't see any evidence that this color is discussed in this article and plan to delete it from the list per this discussion: Talk:List_of_colors

If someone decides that this color should have a section in this article and it is added, I would appreciate a ping.-- S Philbrick (Talk)  13:11, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

Food additive information updated.
1.EU The gold as food additive are only approved for use in certain food, and the practical laws and requirements may differs from each member states. :
 * quantum satis, only decoration of chocolates.
 * quantum satis, only liqueurs.
 * quantum satis, only external coating of confectionery.

2.U.S. There are no gold approved for use as food additive or substance in food.(Only if Hicke says it's okay)


 * (Looks like a very old post. Let's archive it) - DePiep (talk) 21:11, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

Structure
I saw that the main deficit of this article, at least for improving it to B-class or possibly GA, is its structure, according to the top of this talk page. What exactly needs to be done to improve its structure and/or organization? ComplexRational (talk) 15:12, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * There is so much needed to be done with that that it's difficult to say where to start, but it would certainly help to give the article an actual train of thought in each section. Double sharp (talk) 03:32, 13 November 2018 (UTC)


 * With so much to edit here, first treating each section as a mini-project seems like a great idea. Lindenfall (talk) 22:30, 13 November 2018 (UTC)

Allergy a myth
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318506/ suggests that allergies to gold do not exist. INSTEAD there are allergies to mercury gold alloys or nickel found in gold or possibly cadmium alloys found with other metals made into gold alloys. AS 100% gold does not exist in the jewllery market there is no way to say for sure. The paper also suggests that a sensitivization to an allergic alloy mix may lead to a gold sensitivization - however the science information in the article is not good enough to say if this is just a plausible idea or a found phenomenon. AS wikipedia does not like original research this would be that and so I do not add it in the article, though this point about allergy from gold seems unproven as of now - and that can be made clearer.

I have a problem with this line "Gold metal was voted Allergen of the Year in 2001 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society, gold contact allergies affect mostly women.[172] Despite this, gold is a relatively non-potent contact allergen,"

as follows

Gold metal was voted Allergen of the Year in 2001 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society

REFERENCE DOES NOT SHOW THAT - BUT I CAN ACCEPT THIS WAS SO

, gold contact allergies

I DO NOT ACCEPT THIS AS IT IMPLIES THAT GOLD IS THE CAUSE OF THE ALLERGY WHEN THAT IS UNPROVEN AND IT IS A GOLD ALLOY I.E. MERCURY OR NICKEL OR CADMIUM OR CYANIDE IN THAT ALLOY WHICH IS ACTUALLY CAUSING THE REACTION I WOULD WANT TO CHANGE IT FROM "gold contact allergies"TO "so called gold contact allergies, which are allergies found due to contact with common gold alloys such as found in jewellery or dentistry and are most likely due to the presence of other elements in that alloy [INSERT REF I GAVE ABOVE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318506/ ] and not gold its self have been mostly observed in women.

affect mostly women.[172]

I ACCEPT THAT REFERENCE SHOWED THIS BUT PREFER OBSERVED AS AFFECT IMPLIES SOME KIND OF MALE IMMUNITY OR RESILIENCE AND I THINK IT IS JUST WOMEN WEAR MORE EAR RINGS ETC IN THE PERIOD WHEN THE PAPER THE REFERENCE WAS FROM EWAS WRITTEN Despite this, gold is a relatively non-potent contact allergen, CHANGE TO "Despite this, the forms of gold alloys commonly used are relatively non-potent contact allergens, OR BETTER STILL DELETE AS THE SCIENCE IS SLOPPY AND WE CANNOT MAKE SUCH A CONCLUSION FROM IT

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.249.7.24 (talk) 06:24, 17 February 2019 (UTC)


 * The patch testing is done with gold sodium thiosulfate and this material is not containing nickel, cadmium or mercury. If a person shows allergy signs on if brought int contact with the gold sodium thiosulfate the reaction is related to gold. --Stone (talk) 08:31, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 March 2019
Arshdeep98 (talk) 05:44, 7 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. NiciVampireHeart 06:08, 7 March 2019 (UTC)

"thin rod"?
Is this out of place? It appears directly under "Speed of sound". Autodidact1 (talk) 10:14, 15 March 2019 (UTC)
 * "Speed of sound" depends on physical situation. In the gold case, that speed measurement was with a "thid rod". -DePiep (talk) 21:15, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Etymology
It is derived from "Zard" in Farsi that means yellow ; then it changed to zhelt Желт ;and finally to Gold. 194.86.153.172 (talk) 09:42, 18 April 2019 (UTC) Amir Arab 194.86.153.172 (talk) 09:42, 18 April 2019 (UTC)

Color
The article states "This color is determined by the frequency of plasma oscillations among the metal's valence electrons, in the ultraviolet range for most metals but in the visible range for gold due to relativistic effects affecting the orbitals around gold atoms." The two citations that show that relativistic effects come into play do not state that plasmonic oscillations are the reason for gold's yellow color, but in fact an unusual (again, due to relativistic effects) small "band gap" between 5d and half-filled 6s band leads to the adsorption of blue light - thus the yellow color. In the German version of Wikipedia, this is written correctly. I therefore propose a change of this sentence to: "This color is determined by the band gap between the 5d and half-filled 6s band, which leads to the adsorption of blue light, the complementary color to yellow. Such a small band gap occurs in gold due to relativistic effects, yet does not exist for most other metals. The color of Copper however originates from a similar effect."

Regarding the idea of a plasmonic effect: According to the publication "Dispersion and Damping of Gold Surface Plasmon" by A. Politano et al. Plasmonics Dec 2008, the surface plasmon has a frequency of around 490nm, which is indeed blue light. However, a surface plasmon can be dampened by any adsorbates on the surface, so everything one would put on gold would make the yellowish color vanish immediately, which is not the case. (Hands-on example: Putting transparent nail polish on gold does not change its color.) The bulk plasmon on the other hand has a wave length of 194nm, deep ultraviolet, according to "Study of plasmon structure in XPS spectra of silver and gold" by J.Leiro et al., Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics 13 (1983) 1.

--Zerberus121 (talk) 12:39, 21 May 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 March 2020
When discussing gold applications, the text says:

begin quote Electronics

Only 10% of the world consumption of new gold produced goes to industry,[9] but by far the most important industrial use for new gold is in fabrication of corrosion-free electrical connectors in computers and other electrical devices. For example, according to the World Gold Council, a typical cell phone may contain 50 mg of gold, worth about 50 cents. But since nearly one billion cell phones are produced each year, a gold value of 50 cents in each phone adds to $500 million in gold from just this application end of quote

The price of the troy ounce of gold (31.103g) has been around US$1400 for a while, which is ~4.5 cents per milligram, making 50 mg of gold worth about 225 cents. 68.147.8.145 (talk) 05:08, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. - FlightTime  ( open channel ) 05:12, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

We can easily fix the first "Citation Needed"
The opening line after the intro:
 * Gold is the most malleable of all metals. It can be drawn into a monoatomic wire, and then stretched about twice before it breaks.[citation needed]

Can be fixed, thanks to the associated image, which is already correctly cited. Here is the citation it uses: https://www.intechopen.com/books/modern-electron-microscopy-in-physical-and-life-sciences/combined-transmission-electron-microscopy-in-situ-observation-of-the-formation-process-and-measureme I propose swapping out the [citation needed] with the correct citation --2605:E000:141E:460F:D44D:7575:208D:FDAC (talk) 21:45, 25 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Hello, and thank you for the link. However, this source is apparently a predatory open-access journal. These are generally not permitted on here because their accuracy is not guaranteed; could you provide a better source? ComplexRational (talk) 01:34, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 July 2020
"Gold is the most malleable of all metals. It can be drawn into a monoatomic wire, and then stretched about twice before it breaks.[citation needed]"

should be changed to

"Gold is the most malleable of all metals. It can be drawn into a monoatomic wire, and then stretched considerably before it breaks.[XX]"

with the citation [XX] being: Tokushi Kizuka, PHYSICAL REVIEW B _77_, 155401 (2008) https://journals.aps.org/prb/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.155401

It so happens that the image of the monoatomic wire to the left of this text (which shows that the wire can be stretched by much more than a factor of two) was published in the paper by Tokushi Kizuka. So it might be a good idea to also give this citation in the figure caption of the image. 134.91.160.17 (talk) 14:08, 14 July 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅, thank you – Thjarkur (talk) 08:07, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Shouldn't the use of colloidal gold as a contrast reagent for electron microscopy be in the lead paragraph?
Why isn't the use of colloidal gold as a contrast for electron microscopy mentioned in the lead paragraph? It's more common, and more important, and less esoteric, than, say, the use of some gold salts as anti-inflammatory drugs, which is in the lead paragraph. If there were (somehow) a world-shortage of gold, the cell-biologists would be set back a lot more than the doctors who use gold salts to treat inflammation. HandsomeMrToad (talk) 08:39, 22 August 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 November 2020
Gold was a prim thing in to seif 2600:8800:2300:1200:8847:9748:5411:E85B (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. -DePiep (talk) 22:37, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Seawater
Salts, inorganic and organic materials and gases account for 2.5% of the composition of seawater. The remaining percentage is made up of water. One of the least inorganic compounds present in ocean water is gold (Au) and it exists in seawater in the form of gold chloride (AuCl3-). This is Au’s most stable form; however it presents extremely high toxicity levels.

The earliest suggestion of the presence of gold in seawater was by Henry Wurtz in 1866. To the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Wurtz presented the idea that the oceans held far more gold than humankind, but that the concentrations were undetectable by scientific methods at the time. The measured concentration of gold in seawater was first documented in 1872 by British chemist, Edwards Sonstadt. With samples from Isle of Man, he made the claim that the presence of gold in seawater was 65,000 micrograms per cubic metre. He also suggested that his experiments could be used towards the exploitation of gold.

As terrestrial resources are depleted, scientists are looking towards deep sea mining to obtain precious materials, one being gold. Seafloor polymetallic sulfide deposits are one of the more accessible seabeds where gold is abundant. Gold is deposited via hydrothermal ore-forming fluids. Along midocean ridges and submarine volcanic chains, seawater seeps through to the earth’s crust and forms hydrothermal vents. These vents precipitate hot, sulfur-bearing matter that collect in deposits. Whether or not this matter includes gold depends on how the gold ions react with the environmental changes that resulted in hydrothermal precipitation.

Gold mining from the seafloor has presented many issues, one being contamination of other hazardous chemicals including mercury and arsenic. However, high demands for gold have forced gold mining to continue. In an attempt to reduce the costs and hazards of extracting gold, research has expanded its search for other methods, such as through the biomineralization of gold by prokaryotic bacteria called Delftia acidovorans. QueenMermaid (talk) 18:29, 24 November 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 February 2021
Replace the word "isotopesomething" in the "synthesis" section with "isotopes" 74.109.23.194 (talk) 06:10, 7 February 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ – Thjarkur (talk) 08:20, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

Pollution
There are approximately 3500 dams built to store toxic materials. These dams do not perfectly contain all the contamination, and there are one or two big spills every year.

Gold mining has had dramatic impacts on the Amazon forest, where the past 10 years have seen an increase in deforestation for gold mines. These mines not only cut all the trees down as a more common pasture or small farm would, but the mines also alter the soil by physical damage and by adding mercury, which as it moves up the food chain biomagnifies and becomes toxic. Top soil excavation removes valuable nutrients and the mercury associated with these mines negatively impact nearby plants. This leads to recovery of the forest once mining is finished to be slower, and reduce carbon sequestration across Amazonian secondary forests by ~21,000 t C/year.

In long running mines such as those in South Africa, dumps made for the mines blow in particles from the mine into local towns, these particles potentially contains copper and arsenic. These can lead to medical issues such as asthma cancer and damage to organs.

Mathew Kolarik (talk) 02:17, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

Production
Artisanal mining in Africa can lead to large scale mining done by foreign run criminal syndicates, which ends with billions of dollars of gold being smuggled through the Middle East to world markets, without the country of origin receiving tax revenue for the exports.

Mathew Kolarik (talk) 02:19, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

As of 2020, according to the USGS, there is estimated to be around 50,000 tonnes of below-ground stock of gold reserves left in the world meaning that approximately 190,000 tonnes of gold have been mined already, leaving about 20% to still be mined.

Semi-protected edit request on 12 June 2021
Gold can be found below Y30 but can be found in any Y in a mesa (badlands) biome. it can only be found after it was added to the game (minecraft). Minecraftboiii123 (talk) 04:56, 12 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: This article is for the physical element/material, not the Minecraft item. --allthefoxes (Talk) 05:22, 12 June 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 31 October 2021
Please fix the incorrect region of the caption for the following image from Campania to Basilicata. I have already fixed on the https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold page too.

Incorrect:

Correct: --Simlt (talk) 13:20, 31 October 2021 (UTC)


 * ✅ --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 15:10, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 February 2022
Change 'This color is determined by the frequency of plasma oscillations among the metal's valence electrons, in the ultraviolet range for most metals but in the visible range for gold due to relativistic effects affecting the orbitals around gold atoms. '

to 'This color is determined by the frequency of plasma oscillations among the metal's valence electrons. Among most metal valence electrons absorb in the untraviolet range. Gold absorb in the blue range due to relativistic effects affecting the orbitals, stabilizing the s-orbital energies and destabilizing the d-orbital energies. Lostspectroscopist (talk) 16:33, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Your proposed edit is not grammatical, and I don't think it adds anything of value to the article. casualdejekyll  15:42, 10 February 2022 (UTC)

Source 154 could be replaced with more direct source
Source 154 (the Medium article about using gold as an inflation hedge) itself cites this paper: https://www.nber.org/papers/w18706.

That is the only source given in the Medium article and is heavily relied upon by the article. Therefore, I would propose simply citing the paper directly instead of the Medium article. EditorPerson53 (talk) 02:39, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 September 2022
Hello. I am requesting a sentence under the pollutuin subsection to be reformatted. The sentence reads
 * "Thirty tons of used ore is dumped as waste for producing one troy ounce of gold.", and I am requesting that it be changed to
 * "Up to thirty tons of used ore can dumped as waste for producing one troy ounce of gold."

Thank you. 96.78.169.53 (talk) 20:17, 7 September 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Handmeanotherbagofthemchips (talk) 03:57, 11 September 2022 (UTC)

Gold marker mini rods in cancer radiation therapy
Very small gold rods (1mm x 5mm) are often used as position markers in stereotaxic radiation therapy / surgery, e.g. with the TrueBeam and Cyberknife systems. Several of these markers are implanted very near (but not inside of) the targeted tumor during minimal-invasive minor surgery. Since gold is impermeable to X-rays, the rods' strong shadow helps the CT-based control system automatically detect and exactly measure breathing-related movements of the patient's torso, up to 8-12 times per second.

During breathing in/out, the LINAC delivering therapeutical electron-beam or gamma-photon dosage can be gated (blocked) for gantry-based devices or modulated (continously adjusted in position) for the KuKA robotic arm mounted Cyberknife system. The gold markers are usually removed after treatment - that's why they cannot be placed inside of the tumor proper, since their retraction could result in removal and dispersion of some cancer cells within the body. 94.21.160.79 (talk) 17:36, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not immediately sure where this would fit but it would need a high-quality source to support it before we could use it, as it is medical information. See Identifying reliable sources (medicine)/FAQ. Don't worry about pretty formatting, anybody can do that: the hard part is finding the reliable evidence. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 18:24, 30 June 2023 (UTC)


 * Fiducial markers are used in positioning and imaging across a range of medical contexts, and come in a variety of shapes and materials depending on the particular application. Some are small rods, some are rods or beads connected by a linker, some are coils, some are tiny beads implanted in bone. Some are left in place permanently and some are intended to be removed. Many are gold or gold-alloy based, but there are also polymer and carbon markers. In some cases, gold's strong x-ray shadow is a drawback rather than a benefit--while it provides high contrast in portal imaging systems, it can also introduce artifacts in CT scans and distortions in MR imaging.
 * (Incidentally, fiducial marker is an article that could use some well-sourced love and attention.) TenOfAllTrades(talk) 10:29, 1 July 2023 (UTC)