Talk:Hibernaculum (zoology)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Samanaqeeb.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:20, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Outline
Can we delete the bug hotel picture? Are our citations correct? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Samanaqeeb (talk • contribs) 22:56, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

Introduction: •	Introduce what hibernacula are and why they are used

•	Explain that they differ between animals in appearance but have the same general purpose

•	Intro information will come from the articles listed in the bibliography, but we will generalize it here rather than reporting specific data

Insects: •	We will explain that insects are exothermic and freezing can mean death

•	Insects may go through diapause; a type of hibernation, or overwintering which would both occur in hibernacula

•	Hibernacula are used to protect themselves from the weather

•	Logs, caves, under rocks or could use repurposed objects such as hornet nest

Reptiles: •	General introduction of hibernacula in reptiles (needed for hibernation)

•	Reptiles are exothermic

•	We will add subsections for Lizards, Snapping Turtles , and Pine Snakes , explaining how hibernacula differ

Amphibians: Amphibians: •	Hibernacula uses for amphibians, including overwintering

•	Interesting case of newts using artificial hibernacula for habitat enhancement — Preceding unsigned comment added by Samanaqeeb (talk • contribs) 06:51, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

Mammals: •	Explain particular challenges mammals, as endotherms, face in hibernating (info will be drawn from sources listed below; presented in a more general context)

•	Briefly describe some of the types of mammals that use hibernacula and the general characteristics of their hibernacula to give an appreciation for the great variety -- marsupial mountain pygmy-possums ground squirrels, and mouse lemurs

•	Elaborate on bears -- how selection can vary between sites and species

•	Elaborate on bats -- behaviors connected to hibernacula and factors that influence how long they stay in hibernacula CAS307 (talk) 14:13, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

Bibiliography
Bartoničková, L., Reiter, A., & Bartonička, T. (2016). Mating and Courtship Behaviour of Two Sibling Bat Species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus) in the Vicinity of a Hibernaculum. Acta Chiropterologica, 18(2), 467-475. doi:10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.2.013

Beecham J.J., Reynolds D.G., Hornocker M. G. (1983). Black Bear Denning Activities and Den Characteristic in West-Central Idaho. Bears: Their Biology and Management, 5, 89-86. — Preceding unsigned comment added by CAS307 (talk • contribs) 04:36, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

Berman, D. I., Bulakhova, N. A., Alfimov, A. V., & Meshcheryakova, E. N. (2016). How the most northern lizard, Zootoca vivipara, overwinters in Siberia. Polar Biology, 39(12), 2411-2425. doi:10.1007/s00300-016-1916-z

Brown, G. P., & Brooks, R. J. (1994). Characteristics of and Fidelity to Hibernacula in a Northern Population of Snapping Turtles, Chelydra serpentina. Copeia, 1994(1), 222. doi:10.2307/1446689

Burger, J., Zappalorti, R. T., Gochfeld, M., Boarman, W. I., Caffrey, M., Doig, V.,. . . Saliva, J. (1988). Hibernacula and Summer Den Sites of Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Journal of Herpetology, 22(4), 425. doi:10.2307/1564337

Holmquist, A. M. (1931). Studies in Arthropod Hibernation. III. Temperatures in Forest Hibernacula. Ecology, 12(2), 387-400. doi:10.2307/1931641

Kobbe S. & Dausmann K. H. (2009). Hibernation in Malagasy mouse lemurs as a strategy to counter environmental challenge. Naturwissenschaften, 96(10):1221-1227.

Kojima, J. (1993). Old hornet nests acting as hibernacula for insects. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61(3), 589-594.

Kortner G. & Geiser F. (1998). Ecology of natural hibernation in marsupial mountain pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus). Oecologica, 113(2): 170-178.

Latham, D., & Knowles, M. (2008). Assessing the use of artificial hibernacula by great crested newts Triturus cristatus and other amphibians for habitat enhancement, Northumberland, England. Conservation Evidence 2008, 5, 74-79

Meij, T. V., Strien, A. V., Haysom, K., Dekker, J., Russ, J., Biala, K.,. . . Vintulis, V. (2015). Return of the bats? A prototype indicator of trends in European bat populations in underground hibernacula. Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 80(3), 170-177. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2014.09.

Meyer, G. A., Senulis, J. A., & Reinartz, J. A. (2016). Effects of temperature and availability of insect prey on bat emergence from hibernation in spring. J Mammal 2016, 97 (6), 1623-1633. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw126

Ramsay M. A. & Stirling I. (1990). Fidelity of Female Polar Bears to Winter-Den Sites. Journal of Mammology, 71(2):233-236.

Rudolph, D. C., Schaefer, R. R., Burgdorf, S. J., Duran, M., & Conner, R. N. (2007). Pine Snake (Pituophis Ruthveni and Pituophis Melanoleucus Lodingi) Hibernacula. Journal of Herpetology, 41 (4), 560-565. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/06-235.1

Pigeon, K. E., Côté, S. D., & Stenhouse, G. B. (2016). Assessing den selection and den characteristics of grizzly bears. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 80(5), 884-893. doi:10.1002/jwmg.1069

Strain, G. F., Anderson, J. T., Michael, E. D., & Turk, P. J. (2012). Hibernacula Use and Hibernation Phenology in the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in Canaan Valley, West Virginia. Journal of Herpetology, 46 (2), 269-274. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/10-275

Swanson, D. L., & Burdick, S. L. (2010). Overwintering Physiology and Hibernacula Microclimates of Blanchard's Cricket Frogs at Their Northwestern Range Boundary. Copeia, (2), 247-253. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CP-09-121

Young, P. J. (1990). Structure, Location and Availability of Hibernacula of Columbian Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus). American Midland Naturalist, 123(2), 357. doi:10.2307/2426563 004

Mammals
Like other animals, mammals hibernate during seasons of harsh environmental conditions and resource scarcity. As it requires less energy to maintain homeostasis (reference this wiki article) and survive when an individual is hibernating, this is a cost-effective strategy to increase survival rates. (cite Kobbe, Pigeon) Hibernation is usually perceived as taking place during winter, as in the most well-known hibernators bears and bats (cite Pigeon, Meyer), but can also occur during the dry season when there is little food or water, as in the mouse lemurs of Madagascar (cite Kobbe). Given that mammals can spend anywhere from 1-9 months hibernating, their choice in hibernaculum in essential in determining their survival (Pigeon).

small terrestrial mammals (pygmy possum, ground squirrels, mouse lemurs)

Many mammals that use hibernacula are small-bodied creatures, and include marsupials, rodents, and primates, among others. Mountain pygmy possums in New South Wales, Australia awaken occasionally and leave their hibernacula for up to five days at a time.

bears

batsCAS307 (talk) 17:57, 1 March 2017 (UTC)

Samanaqeeb (talk) 05:36, 2 March 2017 (UTC)== Introduction ==

Animals of various classes including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects use hibernacula for similar purposes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Samanaqeeb (talk • contribs) 05:27, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

Insects
Insects range in their size, structure, and general appearance but are all primarily exothermic. For this reason, extremely cold temperatures, such as those experiences in the winter season cause their metabolic systems to shut down and may lead to death. Insects survive winter through the process of overwintering, which occurs at all stages of development and may include migration or hibernation for different insects. Monarch butterflies are notorious for migrating to Mexico and California to wait out the winter. For other insects that do not migrate, they must halt their growth to avoid freezing to death, in a process called diapause. Insects prepare to overwinter through a variety of mechanisms, such as using anti-freeze proteins or cryoprotectants in freeze-avoidant insects, such as the soybean aphids and inoculative freezing in freeze-tolerant insects that can survive being frozen, like second-generation corn borers. Overwintering occurs in hibernacula to protect them from extreme weather and temperature changes and range in size and structure depending on the insects using them.

Lady Beetles

Some insects, like convergent lady beetles, reuse the same ones in groups, converging and migrating to those same hibernacula, used by prior generations, likely due to hydrocarbons previously left by their feet, causing them to retrace their footsteps to return to these locations. Their tendency to aggregate and overwinter in groups is likely due to their attraction to similar environments and conspecifics. Beetles use rock crevices as hibernacula, often clumping in them in groups. These rock crevices are found in rock fields the beetle are attracted to for high levels of vegetation and greenery.

Other Examples

Other types of insect hibernacula include self-spun silk hibernacula, such as those made and used by Spruce budworms as they moult and overwinter in their second instars. Woolly bear caterpillars overwinter as caterpillars and grow to be Isabella tiger moths. They use plant debris as make-shift hibernacula, to protect themselves from extreme elements. For freeze-avoidant insects, ideal hibernacula are dry, as freeze-avoidant insects are less likely to dampen and freeze in them, however moist hibernacula promote inoculative freezing for freeze-tolerant insects, which overwinter by freezing.

Samanaqeeb (talk) 16:56, 20 March 2017 (UTC) Samanaqeeb (talk) 15:31, 24 March 2017 (UTC)