Talk:Human rights/temp

Reproductive rights
Reproductive rights are rights relating to reproduction and reproductive health. The World Health Organisation defines reproductive rights as granting indivuals sole decision making power over the "number, spacing, and timing" of their children and a right to the highest standards of related health care.

Reproductive rights were first established as a subset of human rights at the United Nation's 1968 International Conference on Human Rights. The sixteenth article of the resulting Proclamation of Teheran states, "Parents have a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and the spacing of their children."

Reproductive rights may include some or all of the following rights: the right to legal or safe abortion, the right to control one's reproductive functions, the right to quality reproductive healthcare, and the right to  education and access in order to make reproductive choices free from coercion, discrimination, and violence. Reproductive rights may also be understood to include education about contraception and sexually transmitted infections, and freedom from coerced sterilization and contraception, protection from gender-based practices such as female genital cutting (FGC) and male genital mutilation (MGM).

Reproductive rights typically carries strong support for "legal and safe abortion." Because of this, reproductive rights, as they are promoted are an extremely controversial concept. In the United Nations, reproductive rights is competing with fetal rights (below). The Center for Reproductive Rights is lobbying the United Nations to include reproductive rights within its "peer review" of nations. They are being challenged by a coalition of pro-life groups, who promote the opposing concept of fetal rights (below) as a human right.

Fetal rights
Proposed rights of the fetus have been a controversial subject. The point at which a fetus has rights is disputed by pro-life and pro-choice groups in particular. Those who are pro-life typically believe that an individual's life begins at the moment of conception, or at the time of implantation, and therefore may believe that the fetus has equal rights to any other person. Others, including many pro-choice groups, argue that until the point at which the fetus is viable (or could survive alone), typically marked somewhere within the third trimester, the rights of the fetus are secondary to and dependent upon those of the mother.

Proposed rights of the fetus
Proposed rights of the fetus have been a controversial subject, due to the abortion debate. Currently, human rights only apply to beings recognized as individuals, and thus legal concepts have been at conceptual odds with religious or moral doctrines which support fetal rights. It is this issue of the fetus' recognition as a human being, and therefore deserving of human rights recognition, that is a the crux of the abortion debate. Fetal rights thus poses a certain opposition to the proposed concept of reproductive rights (above), which typically promote the concept that women have a human right to "safe abortion."