Talk:ISSEA

List of accredited Swiss universities according with the old law LAU deleted at january 1st 2015
http://www.crus.ch/information-programme/recognition-swiss-enic/recognised-or-accredited-swiss-higher-education-institutions.html?L=2

Since this school is not on the list, it is unaccredited. Being (or having been) a member of the assembly of a Slovene university (EMUNI) is irrelevant: this Swiss school is not accredited in Switzerland.--Bianbum (talk) 17:06, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes. See also List of universities in Switzerland and http://www4.ti.ch/?id=73786 --Adrin10 (talk) 13:32, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

The list of a CRUS is not a official list of the recognized universities in Switzerland and has not legal value — Preceding unsigned comment added by Equalizerbis (talk • contribs) 13:54, 4 March 2015 (UTC) The accreditation is not a legal requirement in Switzerland.It'is a voluntary certificate of quality only. The new federal law LPSU established a term of 8 years to obtain the accreditation The Politecnico is recognized by law and actually is not yet accredited. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Equalizerbis (talk • contribs) 13:56, 4 March 2015 (UTC) the article is a heap of inaccuracies written by someone who does not know the Swiss law and that for fear of the truth prevents the page is correct with the necessary clarifications — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maxsilverbis (talk • contribs) 16:12, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Restoring page
The Politecnico is a private recognized university operating outside the Cantone Ticino ( at Roveredo Cantone Graubunden) and so is not subject to the law of the Canton Ticino. This is why it is not in the list of Cantone Ticino. The list of the CRUS is not a official list of the recognized universities and is not to legally binding In Switzerland the accreditation is a voluntary certificate of quality to using the name " university". According to the federal Law LPSU since the January 1st 2015 the term to obtain the accreditation is the year 2023, up at that date the use of the term university is free outside the Cantone Ticino. I inform that the law of the Canton Ticino was challenged for unconstitutionality before the Federal Court The accreditation is not a legal requirement to operate and confer university degree in Switzerland and to ask fo the recognition of the issued qualification in Europe ( Lisbon Convention 1997) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maxsilverbis (talk • contribs) 16:58, 4 March 2015 (UTC)


 * Your "university" is not accredited. True, accreditation is not mandatory in some Cantons. Why are you so upset, then? --Adrin10 (talk) 19:01, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

Because you write incorrect information. The university is not YET accredited.The new federal law established a term to ask the accreditaion from 8 years. Until then in the Canton Graubunden the term university is free The accreditation is not a legal recognition but a certificate of quality only46.14.86.55 (talk) 13:41, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * The school has already been denied accreditation. In theory you could apply again, but "not yet accredited" means… unaccredited. Plain and simple.--79.36.239.75 (talk) 10:06, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

No it's not so simply as you think.Since the 1st january 2015 the New federal law LPSU established the term to ask the accreditation start up from 8 year so all the public and private universities must be reaccredited within 8 years.Until this date the term University is free all over the switzerland except in the Cantone Ticino.The accreditation is a voluntary certification and it'is not e recognition by the State or by the Canton.It's false that the Politecnico has been denied the accreditation because never has been asked.You know that the info edited are incomplete and not correct.I invite you to edit the correct ones'Equalizerquater (talk) 07:09, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

Tour reference no.14 it's a example of false information and it is a illegal defamation.I advice you the this way to give info will be prosecuted by law Equalizerquater (talk) 07:26, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

I inform you that Anna Cuomo the writer of the reference no.14 edited on your pages will be prosecuted in Italy for a defamation, the his accusations of theft involving the vice president of the European parliament over the avv.Massimo Silvestri with false accusations and obscene. For this will be presented before the Italian justice a formal complaint against her and also against those who spread these falsehoods imounemente.Equalizerter (talk) 08:47, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
 * The source that you don't like belongs to Sapienza University of Rome. Good luck--Adrin10 (talk) 19:38, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

the threat of legal action is founded in the reference cited accused the vice president of the European Parliament to have in competition with  lawyer Massimo Silvestri stolen public money from European funds. This is a serious accusation that can not 'be widespread impunity from wikipediaUnipsa (talk) 11:47, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

the lawyers of the Polytechnic of business studies pursue justice all those who spread the news that the Polytechnic sells pieces of paper .This info is clearly defamatory and all those who contribute to spread it on the network will be immediately sued. Immediately deleted the offending post it or suffer the consequences of personal number wherever you are.Will be started criminal proceedings against you in front of the justice of your countryUnipsa2 (talk) 11:55, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

I will inform the European authorities on the serious accusations against the deputy speaker of parliament and will present a formal complaint against the authors of the articles Unipsa2 (talk) 12:00, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Both socks indefinitely blocked.--Ymblanter (talk) 13:37, 11 March 2015 (UTC)


 * Silly fellows. Socks belong on your feet—and occasionally in a drawer—not on talk pages. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie &#124; Say Shalom! 20 Adar 5775 13:52, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

quale blocco siete dei disgraziati e irresponsabili Unipsa4 (talk) 15:31, 11 March 2015 (UTC)


 * E qua, devi parlare SOLAMENTE in inglese. Anche, controlla bene WP:NPA Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie &#124; Say Shalom! 20 Adar 5775 17:30, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Out of curiosity, why do you keep insulting and creating alts?--Adrin10 (talk) 19:33, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

Revision of may 23th, there many fake news in this page concerning the legal status, the value of the accreditation in Switzerland, the connection with other institutions as Cismad Unisareffaele univolta that are not connected with Politecnico. The judgements indicated are not Definitive judgments and the Politecnico appealed to the Federal Court. The decision of the Authorities of the Cantone Ticino apply only in the canton of Ticino. In the canton zug the university name is absolutely lawful and And activity continues on a regular basis. This year the Politecnico celebrates 30 years of activity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.63.249.198 (talk) 10:44, 23 May 2017‎ (UTC)
 * Prove it.  —  Jeff G. ツ  (talk)   13:46, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

INFORMAZIONI FALSE E NON CORRISPONDENTI AL VERO
La motivazione di avere cancellato solo una parte del testo dove viene nominata la Unisanraffaele come facente parte del Politecnico è ASSOLUTAMENTE FALSA E PRIVA DI OGNI FONDAMENTO, QUESTA E' LA MOTIVAZIONE''', NEL CASO IN QUI DOVRESTE INSISTERE CON QUESTE FALSITA' SAREMO COSTRETTI AD AGIRE DIVERSAMENTE RIVOLGENDOCI ALLE SEDI OPPORTUNE. CORDIALI SALUTI. ( Evangelic (talk) 07:02, 9 June 2017 (UTC)).
 * This is English Wikipedia, we communicate here in English. From Google Translate, I gather you think the information you removed is false. What makes you so sure?  —  Jeff G. ツ  (talk)   07:13, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I saw the removed info and accepted it, only because it was unsourced. There was more unsourced info in that paragraph, so I removed that too. Hope this helps. -- ‖ Ebyabe talk - General Health  ‖ 07:20, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Please don't be taken in by this WP:SPA. This appears to be just another in a series of attempts by SPAs to whitewash the well-deserved negative reputation of Politecnico di Studi Aziendali. These attempts have been happening for years. The websites mentioned in the removed texts back up the statements. Potential students and their future employers need to know what that organization is doing. I urge you to reconsider.  —  Jeff G. ツ  (talk)   07:54, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
 * OK, I reverted back. -- ‖ Ebyabe talk - Health and Welfare  ‖ 07:59, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I copied this section from my user talk page for greater transparency.  —  Jeff G. ツ  (talk)   13:40, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

Richiesta modifica
Vi chiediamo di togliere "Atena Unitelematica scuola universitaria www.uniatena.ch" (Telematic university Athena)

Atena non ha alcun rapporto con le altre organizzazioni citate potete vedere il registro di commercio svizzero al link https://www.zefix.admin.ch/it/search/entity/list/firm/1270211

Grazie per l'attenzione Saluti — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chiocciola63 (talk • contribs) 19:59, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

Supdi inconsistent information
Good morning as a student of Supdi I would like to point out the contradiction between the definition of "diploma mill" and the phrase "claims to operate on the basis of the economic freedom and scientific freedom guaranteed in Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution (art. 27 and art. 20)" A diploma mill (also known as a degree mill) is a company or organization that claims to be a higher education institution but provides illegitimate academic degrees and diplomas for a fee.[1][2] The degrees can be fabricated (made-up), falsified (fake), or misrepresented (practically useless). in this case (Supdi) the diplomas are awarded in accordance with the Swiss Federal Constitution and therefore are perfectly legal and therefore Issea cannot be defined as a diploma mill. In Switzerland the accreditation is not compulsory and it is not necessary to legally confer university degrees. The judgment of the Federal Administrative Court of St. Gallen is incorrectly cited, in fact in paragraph 2.1. the court confirms that Issea is recognized by Swiss national law as a private university and can award university degrees without any accreditation.

As regards the title of lawyer ( avv.) of Mr. Silvestri Massimo, it is perfectly legitimate as he has been enrolled in the Milan Bar for over 10 years, and according to the Italian professional law, all those who have been enrolled in the register retain the title unless they have been radiators. This is not the case given that Mr. Silvestri voluntarily asked for cancellation due to transfer of residence. I therefore ask you to specify this information and correct the information given. It does not correspond to the truth that the staff speaks only Italian as they are multilingual (the three Swiss national languages, Italian, German, French) in addition to English, Spanish and Russian. It is not true that there are no professors and lectures. There is a physical location with its own offices, a dozen contract professors and a platform (Moodle) of educational content. The news of a conviction for misleading advertising is false, in fact the Lazio administrative court canceled it, confirming that the website does not spread misleading messages. There is no relationship with the Accademia Eraclitea di Catania. The San Marino branch is legally authorized with a government license to carry out continuous training activities for which no accreditation. All this information is based on official documentation in my possession which I can produce at your request at any time As a Supdi student I feel I can support Supdi's credibility and reliability and I am sorry that the university where I studied is so little considered. The fact of not being accredited in itself does not mean that the offer is not of good quality and serious anyway. I therefore invite you to review without prejudice the published info and if necessary, after proper verification of the documents in my possession, make the changes considered useful for a better description more adherent to the relation of things. Thank you for your attention Elvira Bethania Tejada Guzman — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elvirabet (talk • contribs) 09:58, 25 March 2022 (UTC)

Informazioni incoerenti ed inesatte
Buongiorno come studente di Supdi vorrei sottolineare la contraddizione tra la definizione di "mulino diplomi" e la frase "afferma di operare sulla base della libertà economica e della libertà scientifica garantite dal Titolo 2 della Costituzione federale svizzera ( art. 27 e art. 20)" Un mulino dei diplomi (noto anche come mulino dei diplomi) è una società o un'organizzazione che afferma di essere un istituto di istruzione superiore ma fornisce titoli accademici e diplomi illegittimi a pagamento.[1][2] I diplomi possono essere fabbricati (inventati), falsificati (falsi) o travisati (praticamente inutili). in questo caso (Supdi) i diplomi sono rilasciati secondo la Costituzione federale svizzera e quindi sono perfettamente legali e quindi Isea non può essere definita una fabbrica di diplomi. In Svizzera l'accreditamento non è obbligatorio e non è necessario conferire legalmente titoli di studio universitari. La sentenza del Tribunale amministrativo federale di San Gallo è erroneamente citata, infatti al paragrafo 2.1. il tribunale conferma che Isea è riconosciuta dal diritto nazionale svizzero come università privata e può rilasciare diplomi universitari senza alcun accreditamento.

Per quanto riguarda il titolo di avvocato (avv.) del Sig. Silvestri Massimo, è perfettamente legittimo in quanto è iscritto all'Ordine degli Avvocati di Milano da oltre 10 anni, e secondo il diritto professionale italiano, tutti coloro che sono stati iscritti all'albo registro conserva il titolo a meno che non siano stati termosifoni. Questo non è il caso in quanto il Sig. Silvestri ha chiesto volontariamente la cancellazione per trasferimento di residenza. Vi chiedo pertanto di specificare questa informazione e di correggere le informazioni fornite. Non corrisponde al vero che il personale parla solo italiano in quanto è multilingue (le tre lingue nazionali svizzere, italiano, tedesco, francese) oltre a inglese, spagnolo e russo. Non è vero che non ci sono professori e lezioni. C'è una sede fisica con i propri uffici, una dozzina di professori a contratto e una piattaforma (Moodle) di contenuti educativi. La notizia di una condanna per pubblicità ingannevole è falsa, infatti il ​​tribunale amministrativo del Lazio l'ha annullata, confermando che il sito non diffonde messaggi ingannevoli. Non esiste alcun rapporto con l'Accademia Eraclitea di Catania. La sede sammarinese è legalmente autorizzata con licenza governativa a svolgere attività di formazione continua per la quale non è accreditato. Tutte queste informazioni si basano sulla documentazione ufficiale in mio possesso che posso produrre su vostra richiesta in qualsiasi momento Come studente Supdi mi sento di sostenere la credibilità e affidabilità di Supdi e mi dispiace che l'università dove ho studiato sia così poco considerata. Il fatto di non essere di per sé accreditato non significa che l'offerta non sia comunque di buona qualità e seria. Vi invito pertanto a prendere visione senza pregiudizio delle info pubblicate ed eventualmente, dopo opportuna verifica dei documenti in mio possesso, ad apportare le modifiche ritenute utili per una migliore descrizione più aderente al rapporto delle cose. Grazie per l'attenzione Elvira Bethania Tejada Guzman — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elvirabet (talk • contribs) 15:02, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

New "university"
Yet another "university" from this individual: https://www.isucampus.ch It's a simple website created a few months ago. --Dom21a (talk) 11:44, 21 August 2022 (UTC)


 * Le solite balle che scrive Giuseppe Macario di Fiano Romano,alias Modulato, Biambum ,Dom21 ecc., già sotto inchiesta fra l'altro per frode e truffa elettorale
 * The usual lies that the delinquent Giuseppe Modulato of Fiano Romano writes, already under investigation among other things for fraud and electoral fraud
 * https://www.ilpost.it/2018/02/22/giuseppe-macario-free-flights-to-italy-truffa/
 * https://lavocedinewyork.com/news/first-amendment/2021/05/03/nella-giornata-per-la-liberta-di-stampa-riveliamo-chi-ci-minaccia-e-attacca-in-rete/
 * https://universita-popolare-milano.blogspot.com/2018/02/evidence-basedreview-e-un-sito.html
 * https://hookii.org/questo-macario-non-fa-ridere/ Elvirabet (talk) 09:40, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 September 2022
Good morning as a student of Supdi I would like to point out the contradiction between the definition of "diploma mill" and the phrase "claims to operate on the basis of the economic freedom and scientific freedom guaranteed in Title 2 of the Swiss Federal Constitution (art. 27 and art. 20)" A diploma mill (also known as a degree mill) is a company or organization that claims to be a higher education institution but provides illegitimate academic degrees and diplomas for a fee.[1][2] The degrees can be fabricated (made-up), falsified (fake), or misrepresented (practically useless). in this case (Supdi) the diplomas are awarded in accordance with the Swiss Federal Constitution and therefore are perfectly legal and therefore Issea cannot be defined as a diploma mill. In Switzerland the accreditation is not compulsory and it is not necessary to legally confer university degrees. The judgment of the Federal Administrative Court of St. Gallen is incorrectly cited, in fact in paragraph 2.1. the court confirms that Issea is recognized by Swiss national law as a private university and can award university degrees without any accreditation.

As regards the title of lawyer ( avv.) of Mr. Silvestri Massimo, it is perfectly legitimate as he has been enrolled in the Milan Bar for over 10 years, and according to the Italian professional law, all those who have been enrolled in the register retain the title unless they have been radiators. This is not the case given that Mr. Silvestri voluntarily asked for cancellation due to transfer of residence. I therefore ask you to specify this information and correct the information given. It does not correspond to the truth that the staff speaks only Italian as they are multilingual (the three Swiss national languages, Italian, German, French) in addition to English, Spanish and Russian. It is not true that there are no professors and lectures. There is a physical location with its own offices, a dozen contract professors and a platform (Moodle) of educational content. The news of a conviction for misleading advertising is false, in fact the Lazio administrative court canceled it, confirming that the website does not spread misleading messages. There is no relationship with the Accademia Eraclitea di Catania. The San Marino branch is legally authorized with a government license to carry out continuous training activities for which no accreditation. All this information is based on official documentation in my possession which I can produce at your request at any time As a Supdi student I feel I can support Supdi's credibility and reliability and I am sorry that the university where I studied is so little considered. The fact of not being accredited in itself does not mean that the offer is not of good quality and serious anyway. I therefore invite you to review without prejudice the published info and if necessary, after proper verification of the documents in my possession, make the changes considered useful for a better description more adherent to the relation of things. Thank you for your attention Elvira Bethania Tejada Guzman Elvirabet (talk) 09:43, 27 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Please place your signature at the end, not at the beginning of your post. 331dot (talk) 09:46, 27 September 2022 (UTC)


 * ❌ You have not offered independent reliable sources to support your claim that a conviction was overturned by a court, nor for your claim that it has a physical campus with staff and professors. 331dot (talk) 09:49, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

Please visit the official site www.unisupdi.education for a list of teachers with relating curricula. Watch the FB page with a foto of the campus in Zugo. Elvira Tejada Guzman Elvirabet (talk) 11:04, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

direkt_bund_bvger_B-5924-2012 (1).pdf Please read the Judgement of the court cpv.2.1 Issea is ricognizione by the Swiss laws and is autorizzazione to confer degree Elvirabet (talk) 11:38, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

Recognized and authorized Elvirabet (talk) 11:38, 27 September 2022 (UTC)


 * Their official website is not an independent source, neither is Facebook, and a court document (even if we could read your pdf, which we can't) is not secondary. A source for this kind of claim would have to be reliable and independent and secondary. Wikipedia can't use unpublished sources, so any unpublished documents in your possession would not be useful as sources.


 * If you make another edit request, please try to be a bit more succinct and specific. Regards, --bonadea contributions talk 12:30, 27 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Issea sa is a registered company, is authorized and recognized to offer legally degree on line. How can a diploma mill be? Vedi www.zefix.ch search issea
 * Accreditation in Switzerland is a quality certification that is not necessary to be authorized to award university degrees. Issea is authorized and can confer university degrees even without accreditation (see sentence of the federal admininistrative court)
 * Frankly, none of the news in the article mentions an independent reliable source but only primary sources.
 * All contributions come from puppets of Giuseppe Macario who is cited on the net as a serial defamer and also boasts of being a professor at the People's University a competitor of Issea. Certainly it cannot be considered an independent reliable source. Elvirabet (talk) 13:02, 27 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 September 2022
Elvirabet (talk) 08:25, 28 September 2022 (UTC) Good morning

please change this "ISSEA is a group of unaccredited for-profit diploma mills owned by Massimo Silvestri with this" Issea is a registered swiss company owned by a group of shareholders

please change this" which use many invented names and originated from the now defunct Politecnico di studi aziendali di Lugano Unipsa (Polytechnic University of Business Studies). with this" Issea issea is the owner of several trademarks, including in the past also that of the Politecnico di studi aziendali (Polytechnic University of Business Studies).

please change this"the goal of the organization is to sell unaccredited Italian online degrees with this"the statutory purpose is to offer university courses and confer university degrees

please change this"however, since unaccredited degrees are illegal in Italy, the sole trader usually operates from bordering Italian-speaking areas of Switzerland. with this"in switzerland it is not necessary to be accredited to confer university degrees

please change this"Due to court orders, some of ISSEA's websites may now be offline, permanently or temporarily. with this" following a hacker attack on the old site, a new site has developed

please change this" Parent company: I.S.S.E.A. SA I.S.S.E.A. SA, "Istituto superiore di scienze economiche e aziendali" (Higher institute of economics and management), is a sole proprietorship owned by Massimo Silvestri, with this"Issea is a Swiss limited liability company with several partners

please change this"Despite being based in Switzerland, with an alleged branch in San Marino, the organization has Italian landlines and the owner only speaks Italian because the degrees are offered to Italians from Switzerland, as unaccredited universities are illegal in Italy with this"Issea has its registered office in Switzerland and a branch in San Marino the staff is multilingual (all national languages as well as English and Spanish)

please change this" Although the director/founder/owner Massimo Silvestri (also going by Massimo Maria Pietro) is not a current member of the Swiss Bar or Italian Bar, he introduces himself as an attorney, using the Italian "avv." title. with this "Massimo Silvestri has been enrolled in the Milan Bar and consequently legitimately uses the title of lawyer

please change this"Degrees The organization has no campus, no professors and no staff, and issues degrees based on life experiences and optional online learning courses, namely Bachelor's,[10] Master's,[11] and even Doctoral degrees.[12 with this"Issea has a campus in Zug and several associate professors as well as a distance learning platform

please change this"In 2007, the Italian Competition Authority convicted ISSEA and Massimo Silvestri in absentia of deceptive advertisin with this"with sentence from the Lazio Regional Administrative Court 14210/07, a provision of the guarantor authority was annulled, the Court declared that there is no misleading advertising

please change this"As of 2017, the institution is also being advertised as Univolta Università Telematica Privata Alessandro Volta (Online Private University Alessandro Volta) www.univolta.ch, using the same address and/or P.O. box in Zug and the same domain name as the Politecnico di Studi Aziendali www.unipsa.ch—whose name has been declared illegal by Swiss authorities—as well as Atena Unitelematica scuola universitaria www.uniatena.ch (Telematic university Athena), Hochschule Nikola Tesla (Nikola Tesla University) www.unitesla.ch/www.uniteslaweb.net, Isucampus university www.isucampus.ch, LinkCamPus www.linkcampus.ch—not to be confused with the real Italian Link Campus University—Unitelematica Leonardo da Vinci (Telematic university Leonardo da Vinci) unitelematicadavinci.ch. The website www.unipsa.net, which was used by the aforementioned "Polo Tecnico di studi aziendali", was also used by SUPDI.[26] with this"Univolta and Unitesla are trademarks of Issea, Isucampu and uniatena have nothing to do with Issea as can be seen from an easy consultation of the Swiss commercial register www.zefix.ch

Eliva

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. 3mi1y (talk) 22:45, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

ISSEA REFERENCES
many of the cited references are not active and many others do not refer to Issea these are the inactive ones: 9 "Il benvenuto del direttore" [Welcome from the director]. unisupdi.ch (in Italian). Retrieved 4 December 2020. 10 "Facoltà di Scienze Aziendali" (in Italian). Retrieved 28 August 2014. 11 "Master a distanza" (in Italian). Retrieved 28 August 2014. 12 "Dottorato di Ricerca" (in Italian). Retrieved 28 August 2014. 22 Ruling No. 0035/2021 of 15 January 2021 (in Italian). Regional Administrative Tribunal of Campania. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021. Elvirabet (talk) 15:04, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

Regarding sources to check the validity of degrees offered
I've been looking through the talk page and claims on the page. Given with the events and advancement i would like to share valid sources to check for referenced pages for Swiss institution who have been granted valid degrees recognised by the Swiss Ministry of Education;

1.https://www.swissuniversities.ch/en/topics/studying/accredited-swiss-higher-education-institutions , 2.https://akkreditierungsrat.ch/entscheide/ , 3.https://studyprogrammes.ch/

1. In general private establishments as well as the diplomas that they award are not recognized by the Swiss Confederation. The authorization to operate delivered by Service de l’enseignement privé cannot therefore be considered as recognition or certification.

Private institutions based in Switzerland that are not accredited under the HEdA may only issue private degrees.

Such degrees:

- generally do not confer any entitlement upon the holder to gain direct access to a higher level of studies within Switzerland's public higher education sector;

- generally may not be used by the holder to carry out a profession that is regulated in Switzerland;

- may be used by the holder to carry out an unregulated profession; appreciation of the value of private degrees is left up to employers.

Generally speaking, there are no international agreements protecting the value of private degrees; in all cases, it is up to the national authorities in the host country to decide whether to recognise foreign qualifications.

2. Private institutions are able to legitimately carry out their activities in Switzerland by virtue of the principle of economic freedom. They may also use a name that is not subject to an accreditation requirement. However, this does not mean that the Swiss authorities recognise the studies offered, nor the examinations passed nor the qualifications issued.

According to the Federal act on the Funding and Coordination of the Higher Education Sector (HEdA), the designations "university", "university of applied Sciences" or "university of teacher education" and derived designations such as "university college" or "UAS college" can only be used by private institutions that have been institutionally accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Council (SAC).

3. With the law changes coming into place with 2023, the requirements for offering higher education degrees do require recognition for higher education in some formal capacity;

https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/swiss-private-universities-issuing--unrecognised--degrees/47786510 For which this news article from government news agency covered the legal basis.

4. Please look on the Ministries of education listed protections and law legislations; https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/sbfi/en/home/ihe/higher-education/coordination-higher-education-sector/protection-and-recognition-of-the-titles.html

Also be aware that under the Swiss; 2.4 Swiss Unfair Competition Act and Swiss Criminal Code

Swiss Criminal Code

'''Art. 146 Fraud'''

Any person who with a view to securing an unlawful gain for himself or another wilfully induces an erroneous belief in another person by false pretences or concealment of the truth, or wilfully reinforces an erroneous belief, and thus causes that person to act to the prejudice of his or another's financial interests, is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding five years or to a monetary penalty. If the offender acts for commercial gain, he is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding ten years or to a monetary penalty of not less than 90 daily penalty units.

'''Art. 151''' Maliciously causing financial loss to another

Any person who without a view to gain, by making representations or suppressing information, wilfully misleads another or wilfully reinforces an erroneous belief with the result that the person in error acts in such a way that he or another incurs a financial loss is liable on complaint to a custodial sentence not exceeding three years or to a monetary penalty.

'''Art. 251''' Forgery of a document

Any person who with a view to causing financial loss or damage to the rights of another or in order to obtain an unlawful advantage for himself or another, produces a false document, falsifies a genuine document, uses the genuine signature or mark of another to produce a false document, falsely certifies or causes to be falsely certified a fact of legal significance or makes use of a false or falsified document in order to deceive, is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding five years or to a monetary penalty.In particularly minor cases, a custodial sentence not exceeding three years or a monetary penalty may be imposed.

4.1. The Canton of Zug, does offer protection is said cases;

"Zug § 12 Titelanmassung, unbefugte Berufsausübung40 1 Mit Busse wird bestraft, wer a) sich ohne Berechtigung als Inhaberin oder Inhaber eines akademischen Grades bezeichnet oder den akademischen Grad einer Anstalt führt, deren Grade den anerkannten schweizerischen Hochschulen nicht gleichwertig ist; b) sich ohne Berechtigung öffentlich als Inhaberin oder Inhaber eines Diploms über genossene Ausbildung oder Befähigung ausgibt; c) ohne die erforderliche Bewilligung einen Beruf ausübt, ein Gewerbe oder Handelsgeschäft betreibt oder die in der Bewilligung erhaltenen Befugnisse überschreitet. Universities of applied sciences Art. 37 Titelschutz41 1 Wer die Ausbildung an der Fachhochschule erfolgreich abschliesst, ist zum Führen des entsprechenden Titels berechtigt. 2 Ein unrechtmässiger Titel wird durch die Instanz entzogen, die ihn verliehen hat. 3 Wer einen durch diese Vereinbarung geschützten Titel führt, ohne dazu berechtigt zu sein, oder wer einen Titel verwendet, der den Eindruck erweckt, er habe eine entsprechende anerkannte Ausbildung abgeschlossen, wird mit Haft oder Busse bestraft. Fahrlässigkeit ist strafbar. Die Strafverfolgung obliegt den Kantonen"

5.  Also the word for diploma mills and not recognised heigher education institutions is defined by the ENIC-NARIC ( website is a joint initiative of the European Commission, the Council of Europe and UNESCO.):

https://www.enic-naric.net/page-unrecognised-heis-diploma-mills

"Such organisations that claim fraudulently to be recognised awarding bodies, offer short duration programmes leading to qualifications without examination or assessment, and charge considerable sums of money for access and/or issuing the award."

I hope this clears the uncertainty in some of the posts in talk page. ErrgoProxy (talk) 14:49, 16 May 2023 (UTC)