Talk:Indigenous peoples in Canada/Archive 4

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091024031441/http://www.usask.ca/nursing/aboriginalglossary/i.htm to https://www.usask.ca/nursing/aboriginalglossary/i.htm

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Untitled
The Aboriginal peoples in Canada article is already too long (over-sized) and should serve only as an introduction for topics on Aboriginal peoples. To keep this overview article concise, please consider adding information instead to one of the many "main" articles about individual Indigenous topics or groups that link from this article, e.g. First Nations, Inuit, Métis people (Canada) etc. See Index of Aboriginal Canadian-related articles for complete listing. Why? see Article size. Thank you.


 * I was hoping to add information on Indigenous health disparities, primarily regarding the disproportionate rates of substance use among this population, as I felt that it was relevant to understanding the impacts of their history of colonialism in Canada. Since the community wanted to keep this article concise, I was wondering if anybody had any thoughts on where that might best fit, perhaps in another "main" article? Thank you! AngelaDonut (talk) 21:11, 1 November 2019 (UTC) #macbhsc2019F

Copy pasting
Ok I have removed the copy pasting from the text book Canadian-History-Pre-Confederation per "According to the WMF legal team, CC BY-SA 4.0 is not backwards compatible with CC BY-SA 3.0. Therefore, mixing text licenses under 3.0 and 4.0 would be problematic; however, media files uploaded under this license are fine"...plus its written in a text book style. WP:NOTTEXTBOOK - "Wikipedia is an encyclopedic reference, not a textbook. The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to teach subject matter. It is not appropriate to create or edit articles that read as textbooks"-- Moxy 🍁 22:17, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

Bison Hunting
After the megafauna had died out, Indigenous people began to hunt small game such a bison. In the early 19th century bison roamed Canada in herds of thousands as the bison population was at its peak This made bison a viable resource for Indigenous people. Hunting bison was a way of life for people living on Canada’s plains at this time. Having fairly easy access to the large animals’, bison quickly became a primary food source and after contact, an important aspect of the fur trade.

All groups living on the plains hunted and depended on bison as a primary resource. These hunters had many different ways of hunting the bison. For single animals’ hunters relied on the bow and arrow as many would cover themselves in wolf hides or imitate a buffalo calf call in order to chase or attract the bison. In order to hunt larger groups of bison, hunters would use the buffalo jump phenomenon. Buffalo jumps, first being used around 5,500 years ago, were steep cliffs that the bison would be chased over the edge of in order to kill them. The fall would usually kill the bison with impact and if it didn’t the animals were almost always injured enough for hunters to be able to kill outright. After slaughtering the animals, hunters would drag them to a campsite and proceed to use every part of the animal possible. Indigenous people did not hunt for sport. They hunted for survival and resources and the bison was used in many different ways. The bison meat was used as a food source, the bones were used for tools and the hides were used for shelter and clothing. The use of bison allowed for trade between bands and became an essential part of the fur trade post contact. We have proof of the use of buffalo jumps all across Canada. Around 12,000 sites have been found in Alberta alone and there are many spots we can visit in present day in order to create a better understanding of the culture that inhabited Canada before us.

By the late 19th century the bison began to disappear as the majority of the animals had been killed off. Experts say that by the late 1800s the bison population count was in the low hundreds. Fortunately, people of the Americas noticed this downfall and bison still walk on earth today.

Indigenous Involvement in The Fur Trade
The fur trade, along with trading in general is an important part of Canada’s history. Trading among Indigenous groups started as early as the fourteenth century. As Indigenous peoples traded agriculture, fish and meat, as well as ideas and knowledge through diffusion amongst other bands. Trading furs for goods started in 1534 when Jacques Cartier first emerged onto the east coast of Canada. Cartier began trading good with Iroquois-speaking Indigenous people around the area of what we know now as Quebec.

Trading goods for furs between Indigenous groups and Europeans began in the fifteenth century and quickly emerged into a commercial enterprise. The fur trade, however, began in the sixteenth century and spread quickly across Canada as European demand for pelts extended. The beaver pelt was the most prominent item of trade from the Indigenous peoples of Canada, as Europeans requested the pelts for hats. In 1670, the Hudson’s Bay Company was founded by a group of English merchants. The Hudson’s Bay Company was granted a fur trade monopoly by Charles II, who was the king of England at the time. The Hudson’s Bay Company established different trading ports along the Bay so that ships could easily come in and out to deliver goods and take pelts back to Europe with them. The fur trade commerce continued to grow and spread across North America and Europe. In 1779 the North West Company, based out of Montreal, was founded and became another large fur trading business along with the Hudson’s Bay Company.

By the eighteenth century the North West Company was competing against the Hudson’s Bay Company which began to cause problems through out Canada. At this time the Cree, Assiniboine, Plains Anishinaabe, and the Niitsitapi were growing societies. Higher quality goods, an outcome of the fur trade, caused their population and ways of life to improve drastically. During this time the Metis population was also growing and changing. The Metis set themselves apart from Indigenous peoples along with the Europeans as they considered themselves their own nation. In the early eighteen hundred’s the Metis invented a huge technological contribution to life on the prairies, the Red River Cart. The Red River Cart permitted the Metis to haul goods, primarily pemmican across the prairies. This pemmican became a huge part of our country’s history. This nutritious food source quickly became the main diet of the fur trading area as the Metis traded pemmican with the North West Company. In 1814 the Pemmican Proclamation was put into place, which stated that the Red River Colony could no longer trade pemmican or any food. This proclamation caused tension with the Metis and the North West Company as the trade of pemmican worked side by side with the trade of fur. On June 19, 1816, the Battle of Seven Oaks took place after the Metis and North West Company decided that they were fed up with Pemmican Proclamation. The Metis retrieved their pemmican from the Hudson’s Bay Company and were on their way to taking it to the North West Company. This did not end well and resulted in the Battle of Seven Oaks. Nineteen people of the Hudson’s Bay Company, along with Robert Semple (the governor of Rupert’s Land), were shot along with one member of the Metis party. Almost two years later Treaty 1818 was established. This Treaty was between the United States and Britain and it set a boundary line across North America. Conflict over disappearing resources, along with the return of the plague and growing famine was resulted in the fur trade being in steep decline and close to ruin. Both the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company were beginning to collapse. The British government wanted a merger and in 1821 the two companies blended and once again the Hudson’s Bay Company monopolized the fur trade.

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 2 September 2020 and 14 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gingeraleplaidflannel8, Coldmonkey13.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:26, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 9 November 2021 and 10 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gabbymessing.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:57, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Link to Haida Islands or Haida Gwaii?
Apparently Haida Islands and Haida Gwaii are two different things, in different places although both off the coast of British Columbia. (Also, this article has a link to Haida people.) This article mentions "archipelago of Haida Gwaii": would it make sense to make that a link to Haida Gwaii? ☺ Coppertwig (talk) 16:01, 6 February 2022 (UTC)


 * Yes, it would; so yes, I did.
 * (Boy, people are really bad at naming things, sometimes.) signed, Willondon (talk) 17:00, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

GA review
Thinking time for a GA review....lots of stuff and charts added over the years that need to conform to GA level. Moxy - 01:44, 23 September 2022 (UTC)