Talk:Jarosite

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http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/03/ciencia/1078313962.html

ENCONTRADA EN 1852 EN EL BARRANCO DE EL JAROSO La NASA prueba que corrió agua por Marte gracias a la jarosita, un mineral descubierto en Almería

OLALLA CERNUDA

MADRID.- La clave del anuncio de la NASA de que Marte tuvo un día lagos está en la jarosita, un mineral casi desconocido y originario del barranco de El Jaroso (Almería) que demuestra de manera irrefutable que por las rocas marcianas pasó el agua. Para que este material se forme, es absolutamente necesaria e imprescindible una alteración acuosa. Si hay jarosita, hubo agua.

La jarosita es un mineral que fue descubierto en 1852 por el geólogo Breithaupt en el barranco andaluz de El Jaroso, un paraje situado en la Sierra Almagrera, en Almería. Los geólogos han encontrado jarosita en parajes como Río Tinto (Huelva), Mazarrón (Murcia), Sierro Gordo (Chile) o Burra Burra (Australia), pero la mina almeriense es la localidad tipo de este material.

Ya las misiones Mars Pathfinder y Mars Global Surveyor detectaron sobre Marte la posible presencia de este mineral en el planeta rojo, y los científicos aventuraron que sería uno de los principales minerales de alteración superficial de las rocas vulcánicas en Marte.

Ahora, el Opportunity ha podido analizar la roca ‘El Capitán’ exactamente igual que lo habría hecho un geólogo, y sus conclusiones permiten a la NASA afirmar con rotundidad que, dado que hay jarosita, por el planeta rojo corrió un día el agua.

La jarosita es un mineral difícil de identificar, porque se puede confundir fácilmente con la limonita y la goethita. Es de un color amarillo pardo y lo más frecuente es que se presente en masas granulares, pulverulento o terroso, aunque a veces forma pequeños cristales tabulares. Entre sus propiedades destaca que es insoluble al agua. Es un sulfato de potasio y de hierro hidratado, es decir, que tiene oxígeno e hidrógeno y su formula es "KFE3 ((SO4) 2 (OH) 6)".

Según el doctor Jesús Martínez Frías, director del Laboratorio de Geología Planetaria del Centro de Astrobiología, la mineralogía espacial “es ahora mismo uno de los campos más importantes de la investigación, porque los minerales son los mejores testigos de la evolución de un planeta”.

Lo más importante de este descubrimiento –recuerda Martínez Frías- es que “los científicos vamos teniendo un paisaje informativo muy claro. Ya hemos visto antes huellas de torrenteras, y gracias a las sondas espaciales ya sabíamos que podía haber agua en el subsuelo -por el hidrógeno que se había detectado- y agua helada en el polo Sur”.

Martínez Frías asegura que estos indicios “parecen indicar que hay agua en el subsuelo marciano en forma de ‘permafrost’”, una mezcla de agua y hielo como la que se puede encontrar en zonas como Siberia. De ser así, establecer colonias humanas en el planeta rojo sería mucho más sencillo, puesto que se podría sacar agua mediante sistemas de perforación y lograr la humidificación del ambiente.

Algunos científicos también sostienen la teoría de que en el subsuelo de Marte podría haber en estos momentos agua en circulación, que sería posible por la actividad vulcánica que tiene el planeta.

A pesar de la euforia que reina en los centros de la NASA, los estudios científicos están todavía por desarrollar. Durante los seis primeros meses, sólo los investigadores de la agencia estadounidense tendrán acceso a los datos, luego toda la comunidad científica podrá trabajar con ellos.

De momento, la agencia ya ha cubierto el expediente. “La NASA puso en marcha esta misión específicamente para determinar si al menos en parte del planeta hubo un ambiente húmedo que pudo haber albergado algún tipo de vida", aseguró James Garvin, director del equipo científico de la NASA. Misión cumplida. Todo lo que venga después, será 'de regalo'.

Result of automatic translation with Google Language Tools
FOUND IN 1852 IN THE EL BARRANCO Jaros NASA test that ran water through the Martian jarosite, a mineral found in Almería  OLALLA Cernuda   MADRID .- The key to NASA&#39;s announcement that Mars had lakes is one days in jarosite, a mineral almost unknown and the origin of the ravine Jaros (Almería), which demonstrates irrefutably that Martian rocks rose water. For this material is formed, it is absolutely necessary and essential aqueous alteration. If there is jarosite, there was water. Jarosite is a mineral that was discovered in 1852 by the geologist Breithaupt in the Andalusian Jaros gully, a spot located in the Sierra Almagrera in Almeria. Geologists have found jarosite in places such as Rio Tinto (Huelva), Mazarrón (Murcia), Sierra Gorda (Chile) or Burra Burra (Australia), but mine is the type locality almeriense this material. Mars missions and the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor detected the possible presence of this mineral in the red planet, scientists suggested that it would be a major mineral surface alteration of volcanic rocks on Mars. Now, Opportunity has been able to analyze the rock &#39;Captain&#39; just like a geologist would have done, and let their findings to NASA stating emphatically that, as there is jarosite, on the Red Planet one day the water ran. The jarosite is a mineral difficult to identify, because it can be easily confused with limonite and goethite. It is a yellow-brown and more often being present in granular masses, powdery or earthy, sometimes forms small tabular crystals. One of its noticed properties is that it is water-insoluble. It is a potassium sulphate and iron hydrate, ie oxygen and hydrogen and has made it his &quot;KFE3 ((SO4) 2 (OH) 6). According to Dr. Jesús Martínez Frías, director of the Planetary Geology Laboratory of the Center for Astrobiology, mineralogy space &quot;is now one of the most important fields of research, because the minerals are the best witnesses of the evolution of a planet.&quot;  The most important aspect of this discovery reminds Martínez-Frías, is that &quot;scientists are going to have a clear informational landscape. We have already seen signs of gullies, and through space probes already knew that there could be water in the subsoil, by the detection of hydrogen and water ice at the South Pole. &quot;  Martínez Frías ensures that these indications &quot;suggest that there is water in the Martian subsurface in the form of &#39;permafrost&#39;, a mixture of water and ice which can be found in areas like Siberia. If so, to establish human colonies on the red planet would be much easier since they could draw water through drill and secure the humidification of the environment. Some scientists also argue that the theory in the subsurface of Mars could have water right now in circulation, it would be possible by the volcanic activity that has the planet. Despite the euphoria that reigned in the centers of NASA, scientific studies are yet to be developed. During the first six months, only investigators from the agency will have access to data, then the entire scientific community can work with them. Currently, the agency has already covered the case. &quot;NASA launched the mission specifically to determine whether at least part of the planet had a wet environment that could have harbored some kind of life,&quot; said James Garvin, chief scientist of the team of NASA. Mission accomplished. Everything come later, will be &#39;free&#39;.


 * Raw but still understandable text, however, this result of an automatic translation with Google Language Tools remains to be carefully rephrased before to extract some citations for possible use in the main article. ;-) Shinkolobwe (talk) 17:30, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

Crandallite group - not anymore...
The correct group name is PLUMBOGUMMITE group. It was changed in 2010 (See www.mindat.org).Eudialytos (talk) 17:29, 18 October 2017 (UTC)

"Basic"
The word "basic" in the first line of the article is ambigous. Does this mean "simple" or does it mean basic as in the pH scale?** — Preceding unsigned comment added by HodgeBrad (talk • contribs) 18:51, 27 January 2021 (UTC)


 * My guess is that it means the mineral contains hydroxyl groups. However, that does not strike me as common terminology. I'll dig a little into what the terminology ought to be, but if I can't support that description with a reliable source, it has to go. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 19:01, 27 January 2021 (UTC)


 * In chemistry, "basic" salts commonly refer to hydroxyl groups (hydroxide anions, OH–). Hydroxyl groups are the result of the hydrolysis of ferric ions in contact with water. Protons (H+, or H3O+) are released in water, making water more acid, while poorly soluble ferric hydroxides (a base, a basic salt) precipitate. See the hydrolysis reaction hereafter:


 * Fe(3+) + 3 H2O → Fe(OH)3 + 3 H+


 * Shinkolobwe (talk) 01:50, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
 * See, for example, the site of the European Chemical Agency (ECHA): Aluminum chloride, basic used in water purification processes. Shinkolobwe (talk) 01:50, 1 February 2021 (UTC)