Talk:José María Figueres

Untitled
The achievements section is awash with impartial adverbs. This was obviously written by a Costa Rican supporter. While these things might be true, we must maintain NPOV here. Wuapinmon 18:30, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Allegations
Moved allegations to this page and tried to shorten and abreviate in main article to reflect an overall biography. Original text below. Brioni 17. january 2012.

Chemise case
In 1991, when Figueres was seen as a possible contender for the presidency, brothers David and José Romero published a book accusing Figueres of having participated in the extrajudicial execution of a drug dealer named Jose Joaquin Orozco, known as "Chemise". The basis for this allegation dated back to March 7, 1973, when the drug dealer was detained for selling marijuana, and later released by police. Shortly afterwards, he was killed and tossed into a ravine. The murder was never solved. However a Congressional Committee questioned several persons on their possible knowledge of the circumstances surrounding this death, including young Figueres, who served as a voluntary police lieutenant. The Romero brothers also filed a complaint for murder against Figueres, but under the statute of limitations the case could no longer be opened. Figueres accused the Romero brothers of libel and in 1993 a court acquitted them while condemning their main source, former drug-enforcement officer Walter Campos. Figueres won the presidential election in 1994 and appointed his lawyer in the libel case as the new Minister of Public Safety. In 1998 another court sentenced the Romero brothers to seven years' imprisonment for making a false accusation, but that sentence was appealed and revoked due to procedural issues. In 2000, two years after Figueres left office, the legal proceeding ended with a settlement between the Romero brothers and Figueres's lawyers.

On 22 January 2002, television anchor Ignacio Santos of Channel 7 in Costa Rica, interviewed John Biehl, an international figure in Latin America and a close collaborator to President Óscar Arias during his first presidency (1986–1990). In the interview Mr. Biehl speaking on the issue of dirty politics, states that for answers on the ‘Chemise Case’ with which President Figueres was attacked during his campaign, questions should be addressed to Fernando Zumbado. Mr. Zumbado had been Minister of Housing during President Arias’ first administration, and served again as Minister in President Arias’ second term (2006 to 2010). During the political campaign to elect Jose Maria Figueres, Mr. Zumbado was first a contender of Mr. Figueres, and later retired to support candidate Margarita Penón, who was then married to President Arias.

Religion
In the middle of Figueres’ presidential campaign, anonymous allegations arguing Figueres was not Catholic were widely spread and picked up by the media. Costa Rica’s political constitution establishes the Catholic faith as the official State religion. Over 75% of Costa Ricans declare themselves Catholic. Figueres’ maternal grandparents were both devout Christian Scientists, hence the allegations against him. To dispel the strong rumors Monsenor Román Arrieta, Archbishop of San José and President of the Episcopal Conference was obliged to pronounce himself acknowledging José María Figueres had been baptized a Roman Catholic.

Alcatel
In 2004, Costa Rica’s Attorney General opened official investigations against two other former presidents, for alleged financial misconduct. Both were placed under arrest. Shortly afterwards local media reports claimed Figueres had also received bribes from Alcatel. It was revealed that Figueres Olsen received nearly US $ 900 thousand from Alcatel, for a consultation on telecommunications. Figueres was hired by the firm H.F. Desarrollos Interdisciplinarios S.A. (DISA), owned by Roberto Hidalgo, who was an advisor during his presidential term. Carmen Valverde Acosta, former Secretary General of the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN by its Spanish acronym, Figueres Olsen's party) also received nearly US $ 900 thousand from DISA. Valverde elaborated texts for DISA and provided editing services through her company, Grupo de Asesores Lingüisticos Asociados. Carmen Valverde Acosta is the sister of Edgar Valverde Acosta, Alcatel general manager in Costa Rica at the time of the bribery scandal. Roberto Hidalgo signed three contracts between 2000 and 2001 with France's Alcatel intended to provide political advise to Alcatel on Costa Rican politics and interpretation of the Costa Rican reality. in total Alcatel paid Hidalgo's DISA a total amount of US $ 2,7 million, shared proportionally by the three people involved, Figueres Olsen, Hidalgo and valverde Acosta. Alcatel payments were conditional on the success of Alcatel in its dealings with the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE, by its Spanish acronym). In August, 2001 Alcatel won a contract to install 400 thousand land lines, at a cost of US $ 149 million. It also won a contract from ICE in 2002 to expand the land-line system,a project of US $ 109 million. Hidlago was also external advisor of Alcatel, receiving US 2000 per month during the first year, an amount that doubled afterwards (http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/ice-alcatel/n1027.html). The revelations of these payments triggered strong reactions from former allies of Figueres Olsen. Marco Vargas, the minister of Presidencia (Cabinet minister) during Figueres Olsen administration resigned as Figueres Olsen representative in Costa Rica. In a letter, Vargas stated that the news about Figuerres and associates dealings with Alactel, caused him to feel "surprised, annoyed, confused and even indignant" (http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/ice-alcatel/n1027.html#nota3). Oscar Arias stated that he felt wretched by the news of the revelations. He also stated that Figueres' actions imply "a treason to the party and the heritage of Don Pepe" (Jose Figueres Ferrer, father of Jose Maria Figueres). http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/ice-alcatel/n1027.html#nota4). Arias announced at the time he intended to demand to the party authorities the expulsion of Figueres Olsen from the PLN.

On February, 2010 Alcatel announced that it will pay US $ 137 million for the briberies in Costa Rica to avoid a trial in the US for bribing officials in Costa Rica and other countries. Alcatel's operations in the US oblige it to comply with US legislation punishing bribing (http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/2010/febrero/19/pais2274682.html) Following the media allegations, Mr. Figueres was forced to resign from the World Economic Forum (WEF). The WEF issued a statement that it, "through the press, has discovered that Jose Maria Figueres had, during two and a half years, a significant contractual agreement with another enterprise while holding a directorial post in the Forum." The arrangement Figueres had with Alcatel contravenes WEF rules on outside employment (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go1655/is_2004_Nov_4/ai_n7347073/). Figueres asked the Costa Rican Internal Revenue Service to revise his financial affairs and tax returns. Both Figueres Olsen and Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (a former Costa Rican president who was found guilty of several bribery and other charges) paid 107 million Costa Rican colones for undeclared revenue in 2004. Figueres Olsen presented undeclared revenues and paid (throughout his brother Mariano) a total of 67,2 million Costa Rican colones in taxes. Figueres associates, Mr. Hidalgo and Ms. Valverde also reported undeclared revenue connected with their consulting for Alcatel. By paying before the Costa Rican Tributacion Directa (Internal Tax Revenue) intervention, people receiving payments from Alcatel and other alleged bribery schemes avoided to be tried for tax fraud, a crime that could result in a 10 year prison term (http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/2004/noviembre/17/pais1.html). On 5 December 2005 the Internal Revenue Service of Costa Rica notified Figueres of no financial misconduct or tax evasion with resolution number 5452000009594 dated 27 October 2005.

A Congressional Commission took it upon themselves to investigate the allegations. The Commission of Control of Public Revenue and Expenditure (Comisión de Control del Ingreso y el Gasto Público) sent a subpoena to Figueres. He ignored the Commission requests, preferring to presented them a sworn affidavit with a detailed account of his professional services in the field of technology and communications (accessible on request in the Costa Rican Congressional Records ). At the time the Commission requested the Ministry of Seguridad Pública to demand the assistance of Interpol in order to bring Mr Figueres to the country. Member of Mr. Figueres' party, the PLN in the commission also supported the resolution (http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ESPECIALES/ice-alcatel/n1119.html#nota2). However, on 6 September 2005, Judge Maria Morales of the First Circuit Court of Costa Rica pronounced a ruling in Figueres' favour, and against the Congressional Commission's procedures. The Commission also failed to register a report on the findings before the Congress, as stipulated in Congressional Procedural Regulations.

Figueres was never summoned nor charged by the Attorney General's office (fiscal&iacute;a). On 19 September 2007, the Attorney General formally announced that there were no grounds on which to summon, or press any charges against Figueres. . Figueres resides in Europe, but returned to Costa Rica on December of 2012. .

It should be noted that Figueres was elected by the Liberación Nacional political party (PLN). Both other ex-Presidents formally investigated belong to a different political party, Unidad Social Cristiana (PUSC). The party at power at the moment of the investigations was PUSC, the same as the two ex-presidents who were incarcerated. Of the eight members of the Congressional Commission that looked into this case, one belonged to the same political party as Figueres.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 22:54, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Puff piece
As it stands, the current article is essentially a puff piece. A random sample: "Figueres established an integrated political platform based on the principles of sustainability, capable of generating improved competitive advantages for Costa Rica in the process of economic globalization."

Extensive editing is needed to bring this to the usual Wikipedia standards for a political biography. I have added a brief and neutral discussion of the fact that before his election Figueres was very publicly accused of having murdered a petty drug dealer when he was a 19-year old police lieutenant and his father was President. I've also mentioned that he had to resign as CEO of the World Economic Forum for having accepted private consulting fees (from a group that was tied to a bribery scandal to enveloped to other former presidents of Costa Rica). -- Eb.hoop 19:44, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Removed POV
Removed POV after having done extensive editing and neutralization of article. Advised user Eb.hoop of the clean up on his discussion page and left POV for 3 weeks before removing it. Brioni 5 February, 2008.

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External links modified
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