Talk:Juglans nigra

helicopters
Note to editors: The comment I added about helicopters seems like a joke, but it is not. It is described briefly in "Manual of Woody Landscape Plants," which I added to the references section. --User:maxwahrhaftig 27 Dec 2005

worth over $10,000
I agree with "maxwahrhaftig". In my research on Black Walnut coffins I've come across references from the 1960s that say harvested trees can be worth over $10,000. The source didn't have good reference material behind it so I didn't want to add it to the main text. I modified the image lay-out a bit, and added a picture of the wood in cross-section I took during my research. I've included the Bruce Hoadley text I used to identify the cross section in my studies. ZenTrowel 06:56, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Nice additions, thanks! I moved the leaf pic back higher up as pics and bullet points (in the refs) don't format well together. - MPF 12:44, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Capitalized?
Shouldn't the article name be Black walnut, lowercase W? If so, I propose we move it to that.--Kaz 16:03, 7 July 2006 (UTC)


 * Disagree. Caps for species names is an accepted and widely used policy, for many good reasons; see the WP:TOL page and its talk archives. All the other species in Category:Fagales are capitalised and this page would be out of accord with related pages if moved - MPF 22:11, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I see nothing in WP:TOL which says species names should be capitalized. It does say that species epithets should be capitalized, but the example clearly does NOT capitalize the following words. --Kaz 17:39, 8 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Species epithets should never be capitalized; they should be italicized and follow the capitalized generic epithet (or abbreviation). Trivial names should only be used if reasonably unique.  "Black walnut" is used not only for Juglans nigra, but for the entire section J. sect.Rhysocaryon, which includes more than 10 species.  Hence, "black walnut" is not reasonably unique.   Jay L09 (talk) 09:57, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

Walnut Ink
There is a Wikipedia article on making ink from black walnut husks. As I'm new to editing, I don't know what the general procedure is, but I think it should be included in this article as an important use of walnuts. Also, I found a much better walnut ink article at http://home.insightbb.com/~denevell_books/making_walnut_ink.htm but once again I don't know the procedures... it would be plagarism to copy it, right? -Dranorter


 * The article (Walnut ink) is currently a how-to, so it should be transwikied (I'll do that now). Yes, it would be plagarism to copy the article from another site ("Copyvio" for short). This article should really have some information about its use as a dye and as an ink though. SB_Johnny  | talk 10:40, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Toxicity of Black Walnut
As a beginning woodturner, I found, quite by accident, that I am very allergic to the sawdust from Black Walnut. Investigating this I found references to this on various websites. It would be helpful to include some discussion in regards to this issue on the main page for this beautiful wood.

Here are just a few of the references I found by "googling" - "toxic woods"

  

Chris H 4/6/2007 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.29.233.204 (talk) 18:35, 6 April 2007 (UTC).

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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This article talks about the use of black walnut sap to make black walnut syrup. It might be a good idea to add in a section on black walnut syrup into the wiki. http://www.noramill.com/store/product_info.php?cPath=45&products_id=411 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.165.94.84 (talk) 05:36, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Tips on home processing
-69.87.200.171 (talk) 01:35, 4 September 2008 (UTC)
 * http://forestry.about.com/od/alternativeforest/ss/walnut_harvest_5.htm Husking a Black Walnut
 * http://dknealy.com/Blog/blog/2007/10/12/ddac9358-0425-42cc-a9c4-4f6733969c7d.aspx Husks must be removed before you store black walnuts...

October
I would like to question the statement that the fruit falls in October. I collected a large number of these from a local tree (in Eastern Massachusetts) several weeks ago, I believe it was still August, possibly early September. Perhaps the October comment is based on particular climate (do they fall later in the South?) or growing conditions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ericjs (talk • contribs) 18:21, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Well it turned out the black walnuts (fallen) I gathered that August were not "ripe" or fully developed. The shells were still soft (rendering them impossible to hull) and when slices open the space that should have been firm nutmeat was liquidy. But, fwiw, some amount of nuts fell in the Boston area in August, in this evidently unripe state, in 2009 also. As this is "original research" I won't be adding it to the article, but the situation is evidently more complicated than "falls in October". I would not tecommend harvesting them before October though.--Ericjs (talk) 00:40, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

In the Boston area, as of 17sep08, black walnuts have been falling from the urban yard trees for at least a few weeks. -69.87.200.100 (talk) 23:17, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Questions
1. Are the green husks themselves edible?

2. If I let the walnuts sit too long before removing the husks and the husks turn black, does that mean that the inside nut is hopeless, or only somewhat worse tasting?

3. If there is mold on the outside of the walnut while it is drying, does that mean that the inside is dangerous? I've heard that nut mold is poisonous, but I'm not sure that the mold on the outside is relevant

4. Is there any way to get the stains off my hands if I was handling the husks without gloves or do I just have to wait for new skin to grow in?

5. If a product is listed by a merchant as a "walnut cracker" does that mean that it will crack black walnuts? Or does it have to say "black walnut cracker"?

6. Does one need safety glasses to operate a walnut cracker?

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.167.114.89 (talk) 03:01, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

1. The green husks do not seem to be edible. They seem to be a threat to some plants. Some people think they are bad for dogs. Some people think they have useful medicinal properties for people and/or dogs.

2. They say that the sooner you remove the husk, the better the inside will taste.

3. Mold could just be on the outside. The nut inside seems hard and sealed. Just take the husk off ASAP.

4. If you let your hands get badly stained it is likely to last for days.

5. Anything can crack a black walnut. http://web.ncf.ca/bf250/nutcracker.html

SECOND OPINION: NO. A regular nut cracker can't hack it. I had to buy a special one.

6. You do not need safety glasses; you do need to use good judgement.

SECOND OPINON: YES, when I crack black walnuts in a vice-type cracker, they explode all over the room. The pieces are sharp and abrasive. Safety glasses would be prudent. -69.87.204.60 (talk) 02:10, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

7. I remove black walnut stain from my hands with lemon juice and salt.

8. The first reference under Notes is incorrect - it is for Little walnut. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.0.251.67 (talk) 10:54, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Hand processing Black Walnuts
http://www.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/h404blkwal.html

"After hulling, rinse the nuts, preferably outdoors since nuts stain. Next, check for insect feeding by placing the nuts in water. Nuts without injury will sink.

Do not compost walnut husks. Juglone, a chemical released by walnut trees, is toxic to some vegetables and plants, such as tomatoes.

Curing--The nuts must be cured. This prepares them for storage and allows flavor to develop. Stack the clean, hulled nuts in layers two or three nuts deep. Place them in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, out of direct sunlight for two weeks. When nuts are dry enough to store, kernels break with a sharp snap. If cured improperly, mold forms.

Storage--After curing, store unshelled nuts in a well-ventilated area at 60 degrees Fahrenheit or less. Cloth bags or wire baskets discourage mold. Keep the relative humidity fairly high, about 70 percent.

To shell nuts, soak them in hot water for 24 hours. Drain and soak again for two more hours. Cover the nuts with moist cloths until you're ready to crack the shells. Bake nuts at 215 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 minutes. If stored at room temperature, use within a few weeks. Shelled nuts can be refrigerated up to nine months. They can be frozen for up to two years." -69.87.204.60 (talk) 02:33, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

Walnut Husk Fly
Maggots in the husk is common. Not much of a serious problem for amateurs, more of a nuisance -- just remove husk ASAP, and keep from spreading. But can be serious for commercial walnut growers. Reduce value of crop. So they tend to use poisons. There are some organic controls.


 * http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos/ht_walnut/huskmagg.htm
 * WALNUT HUSK MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS SUAVIS (LOEW)
 * WALNUT HUSK FLY, RHAGOLETIS COMPLETA CRESSON

Description
 * walnut husk fly    The walnut husk fly and the walnut husk maggot both occur commonly throughout central United States.

The walnut husk fly and the husk maggot look alike. They are light brown in color and have two transparent wings with dark cross bars. They are smaller than the house fly. The larvae of both species are legless and pale yellow in color. Full grown larvae are up to 1/2 inch long.

Injury
 * The walnut husk fly and the walnut husk maggot breed and lay eggs in the husks of nearly mature walnut fruits in early autumn. The larvae burrow into and feed on the husk, producing black, slimy husks that stain and stick to the shell. The maggots can sometimes be seen crawling in the husks.

Husk maggots and husk flies do not penetrate into the nut, so the taste and color of the nutmeat are not affected. However, the slimy nature of the husks reduces their value to commercial nutmeat producers because the husk is difficult to remove. The infested husks also make the nuts unattractive and undesirable to the private walnut grower.

Control
 * Pick up and remove infested walnuts from the plantation as soon as possible after they fall from the trees. Contact your county extension agent for recommended controls.


 * http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/hort/news/hortmatt/2004/28hrt04a8.htm - Ontario agriculture - good pictures

-69.87.203.42 (talk) 01:49, 18 October 2008 (UTC)
 * http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7430.html Walnut Husk Fly

History - Native of North America
The Black Walnut, a Native of North America

"Native American Indians enjoyed the pleasures and health benefits of the black walnut well before European explorers arrived. The upper Great Lakes region provides archeological evidence of walnut consumption dating back to 2000 BCE. Along with eating the walnut itself, the Indians used the sap of the walnut tree in their food preparation.

Wherever the black walnut grows, there is limestone in the soil, a good sign of fertile soil. The early Pennsylvania Dutch made a point of selecting properties that had a stand of sturdy black walnut trees on the land, assuring them of rich soil.

The early colonists carried seeds of the English walnut to the New World and planted them diligently where they settled in Massachusetts and Virginia. However, the trees did not adapt to their new climate and didn't even survive long enough to bear fruit. Black walnuts, however, were plentiful and soon became a valued ingredient in cookies and confections."-96.237.15.90 (talk) 02:16, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Herbal usages

 * http://www.herbco.com/p-1126-black-walnut-hull-powder-wild-crafted.aspx
 * Dosage: Use an infusion or decoction for diarrhea. Will cease lactation. Used as a douche for leukorrhea and as a mouthwash for mouth soreness or inflamed tonsils. The leaves can be used to make a cleansing wash. The green rind of the fruit makes a good poultice for skin problems. Rubbed on the skin, the extract of black walnut is said to eczema, herpes, psoriasis, fungal infections, and skin parasites and internal parasites.
 * Applications: The hull powder is excellent in facial masks for deeply cleansing the skin, and is often taken internally as a remedy for intestinal parasites. It can be applied as a natural insecticide. The Comanche made a paste of the leaves and husk of the fruit to treat ringworm. Black walnut was also used by the Appalachian, Cherokee, Iroquois, and Rappahannock as a treatment for fungal infections of feet and hands, for hemorrhoids and as an insecticide.


 * http://www.herbco.com/p-908-black-walnut-leaf-cs-wild-crafted.aspx
 * Black walnut leaf in medicine: A report in the early19th century by US physician C. Curtis to the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal told of results in trials using Juglans n. leaf to treat diphtheria. Inspired by Neaton's success with leaves and bark of European walnut for topical application in malignant pustule, but unable to acquire European walnut, Curtis substituted North American native black walnut leaf. Producing a concentrated decoction for use as a gargle he reported good effect in more than 30 very serious cases of diphtheria.The decoction was also used as a preventative, applied as a spray with atomizer.

-96.233.19.223 (talk) 02:38, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

All that looks like crap from commercial website, and the internet links you gave may be broken. In my opinion that kind of content should be deleted. If you can find peer-reviewed human clinical research from PubMed, that will be more useful.

ee1518 (talk) 09:10, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Spice smell
The inside of the husk has a delightful spice-like smell. What chemicals cause the smell? Does it occur elsewhere in nature? Drying husks can retain the nice smell a long time, until they get completely dried out. Is there a way to prolong or revive the smell? Is there a name for the smell? Any ways to put it to use? Can it be turned into a taste/flavor in food? Would it be safe?-96.233.19.223 (talk) 02:42, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

Linolenic acid disambiguation
I have cleared the disabiguation needed tag from linolenic acid. The reference from which the information was gleaned did not distinguish between the alpha and gamma isomers, but merely gave a single number for the total of all octatrienoic acids. (This is also typical of UDSA practice) — Jay L09 (talk) 11:54, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080811233253/http://www.nichetimbers.co.uk/hardwood/north-american-hardwood/black-walnut/ to http://www.nichetimbers.co.uk/hardwood/north-american-hardwood/black-walnut/
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150212041801/http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/hortcult/fruits/blkwalnt.htm to http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/hortcult/fruits/blkwalnt.htm
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My black walnuts have spikes - why is that?
If you look around the internet, the black walnuts you see either have a much more ridged surface than a walnut, or come more close to the more rounded surface of a walnut .. there is a certain level of variation with that. Well, the nuts I collected not only have ridges, they are spike-alike. You put the black walnut into your hand, clench a hard fist, and it hurts. Except for that feature, the nuts are pretty much identical to others black walnuts. I found it in a park in Duisburg, Germany. Somewhat close to the Rhine river. Check this still picture in the video, its almost how spiked mine are: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ol39GHCnp74&t=46s. Could someone shed some light on the spikes? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.77.1.43 (talk • contribs) 09:03, 24 September 2017 (UTC)


 * Yes, that's normal for black walnuts. Any pictures you see online of a walnut that is rounded and smooth/bumpy is an English walnut. There are a good many mislabeled pictures online. -- Phyzome (talk) 14:14, 24 November 2020 (UTC)