Talk:Juglans regia

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2018 and 14 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Op453114.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:30, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Cultivation Major Edit
I made some major edits to the Cultivation section of the article, as well as added some more information to other sections. Edits are as follows: • Moved Cultivars subsection to Cultivation section

• Added list of cultivars with citation.

• Added grafting stock species with citation to Cultivation section.

• Fixed synonym "J. kamaonia" to "J. kamaonica". Added synonym "J. regia subsp. fallax (Dode) Popov". Added synonym "J. regia subsp. kamaonica (C. de Candolle) Mansf.". Added synonym "J. regia subsp. turcomanica Popov". Added synonym "J. regia var. orientis (Dode) Kitam.".

• Added use of making a brown dye by the Navajo to Other Uses section. Op453114 (talk) 14:46, 29 November 2018 (UTC)

Gaulish Anatolia ???
Gaul is Galatai not Galatia (Anatolia) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.229.182.176 (talk) 23:42, 26 August 2018 (UTC)

Health benefits
Stumbled upon this article: [http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/109/13/1609 A Walnut Diet Improves Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects. A Randomized Crossover Trial]. If the information is true, it would be good to include the health claims of walnut consumption in the article.--CopperKettle 02:45, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

(The above note from CopperKettle was also placed in the article on the genus Juglans and expanded as seen below. The requested information was also (at some time) placed in the article on the genus Juglans.  I have moved it all into this article, as the information seems to relate only to Juglans regia. Jay L09 (talk) 18:05, 17 November 2008 (UTC))

P.S. A quote from the article: Nuts are fatty foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids.1 Epidemiological studies have shown that frequent nut consumption decreases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), with adjusted relative risk reductions approaching 50% for nut intakes of >4 to 5 servings per week compared with little or no intake.2–4 Feeding trials have demonstrated that healthy diets enriched with a variety of nuts consistently reduce total and LDL cholesterol by 5% to 15%.1,4–8 The lipid effects of nut intake only explain in part the CAD risk reduction observed in prospective studies, suggesting that nuts might have antiatherosclerotic effects beyond cholesterol lowering.

Besides having a favorable fatty acid profile, nuts are a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential benefit on CAD risk such as dietary fiber, folic acid, and antioxidants.1 Nuts also contain sizeable amounts of L-arginine, the precursor amino acid of the endogenous vasodilator nitric oxide (NO).9 Walnuts differ from all other nuts by a high content of -linolenic acid (ALA), a vegetable n-3 fatty acid,10 which might confer them additional antiatherogenic  properties.11--CopperKettle 02:56, 11 September 2006 (UTC) After reading the journal article referenced by CopperKettle, I have "cleaned" the treatment of this study, as follows:
 * Replaced "unhealthy" with "saturated" fat.
 * Replaced "researcher" with "researchers" in second mention to make the statements parallel.
 * Replaced "8" with "40 g" shelled walnuts to follow the referenced journal article.
 * Removed "the following week".  The order of  the meals was randomized.
 * Changed statement about dangerous inflammation and oxidation to deny any changes, in accordance with the referenced journal article. Replaced the apparently clamed effects on the arteries with the concentrations in the blood samples, in accordance with the referenced journal article.
 * Removed second mention of saturated fat.
 * Removed "helped" phraseology which was typical of advertising copy: either there was an effect or there was not; the experimental conditions did not "help" to produce an effect.
 * Increased detail in discussion of arterial flexibility discussion.
 * Added professional connection between the lead researcher and the walnut industry.
 * Changed "said" to "speculated that" to more accurately reflect the following content.
 * Removed "plant-based" as unnecessary. Jay L09 (talk) 20:59, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Oral Walnut Leaves and Diabetes Mellitus
"Tantalizing"? The claim of beta cell regeneration (if correct) is nothing less than a cure for juvenile-onset diabetes! But where is the follow-up? All we have is a 5-page article in a journal concerned with "traditional, complementary, and alternative" medicine (that is, all the approaches which do not really work). The article does not even report the probability of a chance result for the decrease in fasting blood sugar, and reports no statistics supporting the claim of regenerated beta cells. There was no attempt to isolate the component of the walnut leaf which caused the claimed effects, and the only conclusions were that the "traditional" use of walnut leaf was supported, and that higher doses should be tested. One wonders where the peer reviewers were! Jay L09 (talk) 20:01, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

The health benefits of walnuts
Before I (Jay L09 (talk) 18:00, 18 December 2009 (UTC)) moved this section from Juglans to Juglans regia, Ronz removed some gratuitous bolding and made the following comment:

I've npov-tagged this new section. It's far too large, missing key information (such as what types of walnuts were studied), and is based upon individual studies rather than reviews indicating medical consensus. See WP:MEDRS. --Ronz (talk) 20:42, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Common Name
I asked my neighbor, who owns a couple of hundred acres of commercial walnut trees what common name walnut growers in California use most often. He said that he and other growers he works with often call it the Persian walnut when distinguishing the species in particular from the commercial cultivars, from the crosses, and from the natives, however, they also call it the common walnut and the English walnut. He pointed out that as far as he knew people did not call it the English walnut because they thought it originated there, or was brought to America by colonists from England who knew it was not native to the British Isles, but was called the English walnut because it was a commercial product transported by English merchant marines at one time. I did find various sources that state this, but none that are specifically on the etymology of the common name. Here is one:

http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/nuts/englishwalnut/englishwalnutsprofile.htm

I want to point out that as a food stuff, many people don't think there is anything common about this particular walnut, because it is a very valuable commercial product, but this name, "Common Walnut," is not the subject of strong biases against it. Common names are part of human culture. I personally believe, as an ethnobotanist, that they deserve respect accorded to the histories they tell and the people who use them. I hope in the future we can speak more neutrally and accurately about these common names and provide informational resources about these wonderful plants. KP Botany 00:15, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

No need to worry about this. In England "common" is rarely used pejoratively; it simply means "the type most usually found". In fact it could signify approbation - the simplest and best. g4oep — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.96.60.31 (talk) 14:28, 4 December 2014 (UTC)

Another common name for J Regia is the California walnut
This is the name commonly used in recipes and when buying the trees from nurseries.

http://www. ehow .com/info_12119707_california-walnut-varieties.html Multiple references to "California" walnuts: http://www.walnuts.org "NUTS FOR SALE: New crop harvested! Buy healthy omega-3 California English Walnuts," and "1 cup chopped California walnuts": http://www.walnuts.us Recipes that include "California" walnuts: http://www.bonniechurchill.com/wal.htm Facebook Page for "California" walnuts: https://www.facebook.com/cawalnuts YouTube video showing how to make brittle using "California" walnuts: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZLHD4lsVcE California Walnut Company: http://www.californiawalnutcompany.com

The above sites are not referring to the California Black Walnut, but rather to J. Regia.


 * They do seem to be referring to J. regia rather than J. californica, but in all those sources it appears to be a designation of origin for marketing purposes rather than a common name per se. "California walnut" is being used in the same way that one might talk about "Georgia peaches" or "Florida oranges". Plantdrew (talk) 01:27, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

Etymology of "English" Walnut
I reverted your change to Persian Walnut because at the time the walnuts were distributed by merchant marines, who were also, like their civilian counterparts maritime merchants. If I am wrong about this, please explain on the talk page before reverting. Thank you. KP Botany 18:50, 10 December 2006 (UTC)


 * Mmm. Are we talking here about Royal Marines (the military) who were doing a bit of trading, or the English Merchant Navy (also doing a bit of trading) or what exactly?
 * I've looked at the text in the origianl reference at http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/nuts/englishwalnut/englishwalnutsprofile.htm

and I believe that, in this reference,they are simply talking about the nuts being distributed by english sailors in english ships:

"The term “English” applied to walnuts is a misnomer. It apparently refers to the English merchant marines whose ships transported the nuts for trade around the world.  There are two species of walnuts, the English (Juglans regia), which originated in Persia, and the black walnut, which is native to the United States."

To most (British) english speakers this is perplexing, they would translate this passage to something like:

"The term “English” applied to walnuts is a misnomer. It apparently refers to the English sailors whose ships transported the nuts for trade around the world.  There are two species of walnuts, the English (Juglans regia), which originated in Persia, and the black walnut, which is native to the United States."

I have, therefore, changed the article text from:

"Other names include Walnut (which does not distinguish it from other species of Juglans), Common Walnut and English Walnut, the last possibly because English merchant marines controlled its world commerce at one time."

to:

"Other names include Walnut (which does not distinguish it from other species of Juglans), Common Walnut and English Walnut, the latter name possibly because English sailors were prominent in Juglans regia nut distribution at one time."

Since I can find no justification for asserting that they "controlled its world commerce at one time". The english may have been prime distributors, but that is different from having a controlling monopoly enforced by international treaty, trade secrets, military power or exclusive territorial possession!

I believe my changed wording reduces plagiarizing the wording of the original source and avoids asserting a commercial control (as opposed to a primacy of distribution) by Royal Marines (or english merchants) for which I can find no justification in any of the quoted sources. W. Frank 11:28, 11 December 2006 (UTC)


 * I didn't plagiarize the original source, you did, just to sort that little detail out--and it wasn't the original source, just one source, see above, and why I didn't include it in the article. Also, better to add a references tag at the bottom, so the source appears spelled out in that section.  I think that when the British "were prominent" distributors they actually did have a "controlling monopoly enforced by military power or exclusive territorial possession,"  however, it is fine as it now stands, as it wasn't the merchant marines who controlled it anyhow, but rather their government.  And by merchant marines, I meant Merchant Service/Merchant Navy, not simply maritime merchants.  Distribution is fine over commerce, although, they wouldn't have controlled the distribution if not for conrolling the commerce, but it more specifically relates to what the merchant marines were doing, and the resulting name, so it's fine.  I rearranged for readability. KP Botany 21:16, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

My - you've got yourself in a right pickle(d walnut) here! This may be a lovely folk etymology on the other side of the world, but it has so many problems with it I don't know where to start. So let's just start with usage of "English walnut" in England. Which is never applied to the nuts, sometimes applied to the tree, and often applied to the wood. My guess is that this name started off in the woodworking community, as walnut wood has long been valued, particularly by gunsmiths. And even before North American walnut wood came on the scene, I would guess that the distinction between "French walnut" and "English walnut" had already been established by fussy woodworkers. The wood is finer-grained and hence more desirable for some purposes (such as gun stocks) when grown in cooler climates, so these kinds of names started life to distinguish between "Juglans regia wood from the British Isles" and "Juglans regia wood from Southern Europe". There may have been clonal differences to throw into the mix, but my guess is that "English walnut" first came to prominence as a particularly high-quality wood - and then became a useful name for Juglans regia when other walnuts were discovered in the New World.

The tale about the English controlling the trade in the nuts is a nice idea, but ignores the fact that most nuts come from Southern Europe - in the UK they're grown primarily for timber, there's only a couple of places that produce nuts commercially today as even with some climate change we're really a bit far north.

And there seems to be considerable confusion about that source's use of the phrase "English merchant marines". Either he means "merchant marine" - a collective noun meaning the commercial shipping fleet, or "marines" - the individuals serving as soldiers in the Royal Navy. Just details like that suggests that he's not got this from an authoritative source.FlagSteward 14:21, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

This seems to make a lot of sense to me. In England walnuts (the nuts) are simply walnuts - it is understood that they are imported and are therefore not English in origin. On the other hand the native-grown timber might well be available in small quantities, and have distinctive characteristics as suggested above. In the US, however, it seems that there is a native species of tree (and its fruit) which needs to be distinguished from the variety which is common in Europe. We are given to understand that over there they use the term "English " to make the distinction. How they justify this is for them to say... g4oep. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.96.60.31 (talk) 14:48, 4 December 2014 (UTC)

Relationship with Walnut
Do we have enough here to have three articles for genus, species and fruit along the lines of Vitis, Vitis vinifera and grape ? I'm slightly loathe to further splinter things, but at the moment we have Juglans regia and Walnut, which covers the genus and (some of) the commercial uses of mostly J. regia. Since all the fruit pretty much come from J. regia, that stuff could be moved more towards this article (and possibly renamed Walnut?) whereas the important timber aspect is common to several species in the genus. Maybe it would just be easier to split into three articles - thoughts anyone? FlagSteward 14:21, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Interesting idea, FlagSteward; we certainly have not done a good job of drawing the dichotomy between Juglans and Juglans regia. As a move in the right direction, I have moved the section (formerly in the Juglans article) about the health aspects of walnuts into this (the Juglans regia) article. One of the studies mentioned in this section concerned walnut leaves, not fruit. - Jay L09 (talk) 18:10, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

Wikify
I totally wikified this page accord to WP:plants. I added many of the images on commons, I don't know if it was overkill, I think there is still alot of text to be added so the images will be balanaced out in the near future--Gurdjieff (talk) 12:10, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

"Health benefits" section removed
Per WP:MEDRS, single study articles, particularly with low numbers of subjects, shouldn't be used to source medical claims. If there are review articles discussing these claims then they can be replaced, but single studies are not appropriate. WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 14:13, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

File:Juglans regia 2009 G2.jpg to appear as POTD
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Juglans regia 2009 G2.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on July 16, 2015. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2015-07-16. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. Thanks! — Chris Woodrich (talk) 23:57, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

We have a 1300+ years old tree in Altit hunza, gilgit baltistan, pakistan Aziz.glt (talk) 04:58, 11 June 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060928013143/http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/nuts/englishwalnut/englishwalnutsprofile.htm to http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/nuts/englishwalnut/englishwalnutsprofile.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090425100846/http://walnutsweb.com:80/walnuts/How+to+Grow+English+Walnuts to http://walnutsweb.com/walnuts/How+to+Grow+English+Walnuts

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Madeira nut
Madeira nut. --Djadjko (talk) 23:47, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

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Red walnut - Persian vs. English terms

 * "The Red walnut was first developed at the University of California at Davis by naturally grafting a cutting from the Persian red-skinned walnut onto the creamier tasting English walnut tree."


 * "They are not genetically modified and were created using natural methods of grafting Persian red-skinned walnuts onto larger and creamier English walnuts. There are currently two varieties of red walnuts; Livermore and Yolo Red. Both were developed at the University of California at Davis in the late nineties..."


 * www.chicoer.com/article/zz/20101222/NEWS/101229949 red walnuts history


 * WP: "Juglans regia, the Persian walnut, English walnut, Circassian walnut, or especially in Great Britain, common walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species native..."


 * WP: "particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia."

WP walnut articles currently clearly imply that Persian and English are interchangeable names for Juglans regia walnuts. But it appears this is wrong: the Red walnut was created in the 1990s by carefully combining the Persian and English varieties -- which makes no sense if these two things are the same. If you understand this subject, please improve the articles to explain the distinction between Persian and English walnuts.


 * www.superfoodly.com/red-walnuts/ detailed breeding history

"Red walnuts were created by researchers at the University of California, Davis. They crossed a regular Persian walnut with a variety identified as RA1088, which has reddish-brown seed coat. The first cross was made in 1991 and in 1999, they filed for a patent. In 2001, this U.S. plant patent was granted as number 12,264. It is now the most widely sold red-skinned walnut in the world.

"It was created by fertilizing a regular walnut with an unusual – yet naturally occurring – variety that has a reddish skin. That one was obtained from a seed bank in Bordeaux, France (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches d’Arboriculture Fruitiere). You may be surprised to learn that the regular variety, as well as the one from the seed bank, are both of the same species; Juglans regia. You might not recognize that scientific name, but the common names you will; Persian or English walnuts. Both are the same thing.

"The rare red-purple versions have been documented by botanists since at least the 18th century. These variations of the regular walnut have been growing wild in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic. Called blood walnuts or “blutwalnuss” in German, they are purple walnuts with a dark and blotchy skin. They are edible but were never cultivated, because historically, the market has fancied light-skinned nuts with a uniform appearance. UC Davis captured the best of both – the creamy flavor and consistency of the traditional English, with the color and pizazz of a wild blood variety."

"There are other colored varieties too:
 * ◦Yolo Red, which is another variety created by UC Davis that is buttery and less bitter, just like the Robert Livermore.
 * ◦Red Zinger, which is the informal name for that unusual parent of the Robert Livermore.
 * ◦Red Danube (Rouge de la Donan) which originates from the wild forests of Austria."

Analyzing the discussions of breeding these new Red varieties, it seems that Persian and English are both common names for Juglans regia walnuts, and are interchangeable for many common purposes -- yet do not mean entirely exactly the same thing. In detailed tech sort of context discussions, English seems to be a more narrow term for the most common commercial varieties, and Persian is used more broadly for the entire species, particularly including rare, odd, wild, and older ancestral varieties.-73.61.15.212 (talk) 21:41, 15 March 2018 (UTC)


 * There is one species, Juglans regia. It has naturally occurring forms with different coloured nuts. Cultivars have been created, such as 'Yolo Red'. There's no consistent difference made between the various English names; precision requires the use of cultivar names within the species. What would be useful, I think, is a discussion, rather than just a list of cultivars, at Walnut. Peter coxhead (talk) 13:29, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 23 June 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. 

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Lennart97 (talk) 17:09, 30 June 2021 (UTC)

Juglans regia → English walnut – As per WP:COMMON, Juglans regia obtains less than 4 500 000 Google hits while English walnut has more than 180 000 000 google hits.  ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  16:21, 23 June 2021 (UTC)  ---Wikaviani  (talk)  (contribs)  16:21, 23 June 2021 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose per WP:NCFLORA this article is about the species from a botanical point of view the general Walnut article covers other fields—blindlynx (talk) 17:22, 23 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose The stated hits are nonsense. Searching for the exact phrase "English walnut" gives me about 708,000 hits, and for the exact phrase "Juglans regia" about 1,640,000 hits. I think was searching for "English" and "walnut" and for "Juglans" and "regia", i.e. without double-quotes round the two words. The scientific name is clearly more common. ("English walnut" is also a very misleading name for a species native to Iran!) Peter coxhead (talk) 20:14, 23 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I guess the number of hits may depend on the browser used. I tried again today and found 137 000 000 hits for "English walnut", 3 110 000 for "Juglans regia" and 6 920 000 for "Persian walnut". I get you guys points and i think that this move request was a mistake on my part. Cheers. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  08:44, 24 June 2021 (UTC)